LESSING  GOETHE 
SCHILLER 

SYLLABUS  AND 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 

WM.  ADDISON  HERVEY 


'alifornia 
ility 


SYLLABUS 


SELECTED   BIBLIOGRAPHY 


LESSING,  GOETHE,   SCHILLER 

With  Topical  and  Chronological  Notes 

and 

Comparative  Chronological  Tables 


WM.  ADDISON    HERVEY 

Professor  in  Columbia  University 


Niiw  York 

LExMCKE    &   BUECHNER 

Columbia  University  Press  Bookstore 

19  18 


EDITOR'S  NOTE 

This  syllabus  has  been  developed  gradually  in  the  course  of 
twenty  years'  experience  with  undergraduate  and  graduate  students 
of  Lessing,  Goethe  and  Schiller,  beginning  with  an  introductory  course 
in  which  two  or  three  works  of  each  author  are  studied  intensively, 
with  collateral  reading  and  essays.  Some  portions  have  been  printed 
before  'as  manuscript',  others  have  been  manifolded  for  use  as  pro- 
seminar  programs.  Requests  from  former  students  and  the  editor's 
own  convenience  have  led  him  to  publish  the  material  in  this  form. 
The  bibliography  is  selective,  but  some  indispensable  titles  may  have 
been  overlooked  and  memoranda  of  these  will  be  thankfully  received. 


ABBREVIATIONS 


aet. 

'aetatis'   of  age,  aged 

Kap. 

a/M 

'am  Main' 

Leip. 

anon. 

anonymous  Cly) 

Lit'gesch. 

Aufl. 

'Auflage',  edition 

Mk. 

Ausg. 

'Ausgabe',  edition 

MLA 

Bd.,  Bde. 

'Band,  Bande,  vol(s). 

Bed. 

Berlin 

MLN 

Bibl. 

'Bibliothek',  Library 

MS. 

biog(r). 

biography,  biographical 

O.J. 

Briefw. 

'Briefwechsel',  Correspondence 

p.,  pp. 

C. 

'circa',  about 

passim 

cf. 

compare,  see 

pub.,  Pub. 

cont. 

containing;  continued 

Reg. 

deut. 

'deutsch-' 

Repr. 

D  JSi  L 

Kurschner's  Deutsche 

resp. 

National-Lifleratur 

rev. 

DuW 

"Dichtung  und  Wahrheit" 

Schr. 

ed. 

edition,  edited  by 

Sel. 

e.g. 

'exempli  gratia',  for  example 

Stgt. 

esp. 

especially 

sub.  tit. 

etal. 

'et  alii',  'et  alia',  and  others 

s.  V. 

f.,  ff. 

and  the  following  page(s) 

T(h)l. 

geb. 

'geborene',  nee,  maiden  name 

transl. 

C-J 

"Goethe-Jahrbuch" 

u. 

Hamb. 

Hamburg 

u.a. 

herausgeg. 

'herausgegeben',  edited 

u.s.vv.,  usw 

ibid. 

'ibidem',  in  the  same  work 

verb. 

idem 

the  same  author 

Vierteljs. 

introd. 

introduction 

vs. 

Jahrh. 

'Jahrhundert',  century 

Weltlit. 

Jhb.d.  F.D.H 

"Jahrbuch  des  Freien  Deutschen 

Zeits. 

Hochstifts" 

z\V. 

'Kapitel',  chapter 

Leipzig 

'Literaturgeschichte' 

'Mark(s)' 

Modern  Language  Association 

01  America 
"Modern  Language  Notes" 
manuscript 

'ohne  Jahr',  no  date,  n.  d. 
page,  pages 
here  and  there 
published.  Publications 
'Register',  index 
Reprint 
respectively 
revised 

'Schriften',  Writings 
Selections,  selected 
Stuttgart 

'sub  titulo',  under  title 
'sub  voce',  under  the  word 
'T(h)eil(e)',  part(s) 
translated  by 
'und' 

'und  andere' 
.  'und  so  weiter',  etc. 
'verheiratete',  married  (name) 
"Vierteljahrschrift" 
'versus',  against 
"VVeltliteratur" 
"Zeitschrift",  Journal 
'zwischen' 


CONTENTS 

Page 
Instructions  for  Preparation  of  Essays 3 

Bibliographical  Notes  and  Programs  of  Topics,  in  chronological  order: 

First  Series:    LESSING,  Topics   1-25 S-2?, 

Second  Series:  GOETHE,  Topics  1-32 27-65 

Genesis  of  "Faust.    Erster  Teil."    Table  facing 55 

Third   Series:     SCHILLER,   Topics   1-30 '. 69-105 

Minor  Storm  and  Stress  Dramatists:  Topic  3 76-80 

General    Bibliography 108-128 

Chronology  to  1700.    Comparative  Chronology,  1700-1832 129-146 

List  of    Persons,    1700-1832 147-148 


Copyright,  1918,  by  Wm.  A.  Hervey. 


INSTRUCTIONS 
FOR 

PREPARATION  OF  ESSAYS 

Essays  should  contain  from  three  thousand  to  thirty-five  hun- 
dred words  and  should  be  in  English,  unless  the  writer  can  compose 
directly  in  German  with  fluency  and  reasonable  correctness  of  syntax 
and  idiom.  The  essays  are  not  intended  as  exercises  in  German 
composition.     German  script  is   not  to  be   used. 

Essays  are  to  be  based  upon  the  authorities  cited,  but  are  not 
to  consist  exclusively,  or  mainly,  of  excerpts.  In  every  case,  how- 
ever, a  number  of  suitable  quotations  should  be  made  from  German 
works  of  reference,  as  evidence  of  proper  examination  of  the  material 
assigned.  In  every  instance  these  quotations  are  to  be  translated 
into  English  and  the  original  text  is  to  be  given  in  foot-notes,  with 
reference  to  the  volume  and  page  quoted.  In  the  case  of  extracts 
from  the  works  or  letters  of  Lessing,  Goethe  or  Schiller  this  pro- 
cess is  to  be  reversed;  that  is,  the  original  is  to  be  quoted  in  the 
main  body  of  the  essay,  the  writer's  translation  in  foot-notes,  with 
reference  to  the  page  (and  lines,  if  in  verse)  of  the  edition  used. 
In  the  judgment  of  essays  much  weight  will  be  given  to  the  ex- 
cellence of  these  selections  and  of  the  translations;  the  latter  must 
be  original,  except  that  in  the  case  of  lyric  poems  standard  trans- 
lations may  be  used.  Dramatic  verse  is  to  be  rendered  into  cor- 
responding verse  or  into  prose.  Literal  quotations  from  English 
works  of  reference  should  be  indicated  by  proper  marks  and  by 
foot-note  with  the  same  precision.  When  a  paragraph  follows  the 
source  closely,  but  not  in  the  same  language,  it  is  sufficient  to  state 
that  it  is  "based  upon"  such  and  such  an  author.  The  greater  part 
of  the  essay,  however,  should  be  written  in  the  student's  own 
language.  The  proper  method  is  for  the  student  to  make  notes  of 
facts  and  opinions  in  his  own  words,  avoiding  as  far  as  possible 
the  phraseology  of  the  book  before  him;  or  better,  to  record  his 
impressions  from  memory,  immediately  after  reading  a  page  or 
paragraph  of  the  book  consulted.  The  material  thus  obtained  from 
diflferent  sources  should  be  correlated  and  combined  for  reproduc- 
tion in  the  student's  own  language.  For  such  material  no  specific 
references  to  volume  and  page  are  required.  It  is  understood  that 
the  substance  of  these  essays  is  to  be  obtained  largely  by  compila- 
tion, but  the  form  is  to  be  original.  The  writer  should  aim  at 
originality  of  substance  when  opportunity  offers,  as  in  the  sum- 
mary of  plots  and  the  discussion  of  characters,  and  should  in- 
corporate his  own  opinion  on  points  of  criticism.  It  should  be  noted 
that  a  character  in  a  play  or  a  novel  is  best  described  by  what  he 
says  and  does;  that  accordingly  characterizations  are  to  point  out 
significant  acts  and  utterances  and  are  not  to  consist  mainly  in  the 
application  of  descriptive  adjectives.  In  the  case  of  works  of  Les- 
sing, Goethe  and  Schiller  not  read  in  course  the  student  should  make 
primarily,  and  before  consulting  critical  authorities,  a  study  cf  the 
respective  text;  less  emphasis  is  placed  upon  the  reading  of  criticism 

3 


^21  O^^i  a 


4  INSTRUCTIONS 

than  in  the  case  of  works  studied  in  course.  A  list  of  books 
actually  used  by  the  writer  must  be  given  at  the  end  of  the  essay  in 
proper  bibliographical  form   (see  Bibliography  of  this   Syllabus). 

Essays  not  conforming  to  the  foregoing  requirements  will  be 
rejected  and  no  credit  will  be  allowed  for  the  work  done.  Improper 
use  of  material,  in  particular  failure  to  indicate  and  acknowledge 
quotations  as  directed,  may  result  in  forfeiture  of  credit  for  the 
course.  Special  attention  is  also  called  to  the  general  requirement 
of  the  College  as  to  correct  English.  An  essay  seriously  deficient 
in  spelling,  punctuation,  idiom,  syntax,  or  structure  will  be  accepted 
only  with  reduced  credit  and  may  be  wholly  rejected,  irrespective 
of  the  quality  of  its  substance.  Essays  are  to  be  written  legibly, 
in  ink,  or  typewritten  (with  careful  correction  of  typographical 
errors),  on  paper  8xl0j4  or  8J/2XII  inches,  and  of  no  other  size. 
One  side  only  is  to  be  used  and  a  margin  of  IJ^  inches  is  to  remain 
blank  on  the  left  of  each  page.  The  pages  are  to  be  numbered  and 
the  leaves  held  together  with  a  clip  or  similar  fastener. 

Five  weeks  before  a  given  series  of  essays  is  due,  each  student 
will  choose  three  topics  in  that  series,  one  of  which  will  be  assigned 
to  him,  unless  circumstances  make  the  assignment  of  some  other 
topic  expedient.  Before  beginning  work  he  is  required  to  consult 
the  instructor,  by  appointment,  respecting  the  selection  and  use 
of  material.  Works  and  letters  of  Lessing,  Goethe  and  Schiller 
are  referred  to  in  the  editions  noted  at  the  beginning  of  each  series 
of  topics.  Works  of  criticism  are  referred  to  under  the  several 
topics  by  author,  volume,  and  chapter  or  page.  Some  of  these  are 
equivalent,  as  will  be  explained  in  consultation.  Full  titles,  when 
not  given  under  the  topics,  will  be  found  in  the  Bibliography. 
Selected  essays  will  be  put  on  reference  and  the  student  is  required 
to  prepare  himself  on  ten  topics  under  each   series  assigned. 


The  foregoing  instructions  are  intended  for  undergraduate  students 
at  Columbia.  They  are  retained  in  order  to  indicate  how  the  editor 
uses  the  Syllabus  in  connection  with  essay  work.  Other  teachers 
will  naturally  modify  them.  —  The  relative  scope  and  the  equivalence 
of  editions  and  of  reference  works  should  be  made  clear.  The  abun- 
dance of  suitable  Schiller  literature  makes  this  particularly  applicable 
to  that  author.  The  bibliosraphy  is  intended  to  meet  the  needs  of 
classes  having  access  to  many  different  books  and  of  those  with 
small  library  facilities.  —  A  cursory  examination  will  show  that  the 
essay-topics  vary  widely  in  difficulty  and  scope  and  that  some  of 
them  may  be  further  delimited  or  subdivided  according  to  the  student's 
capacity  and  the  intensiveness  of  treatment  desired.  The  material 
is  intended  for  undergraduates  of  at  least  two  grades,  as  well  as  for 
elementary  graduate  students  who  have  not  had  similar  preparatory 
training.  Many  of  the  topics  will  be  found  suitable  for  proseminar 
rei)orts  (but  the  difference  between  such  a  report  and  an  essay 
should  be  emphasized)  and  a  limited  amount. of  such  detailed  guidance 
is  not  harmful. 


First  Series:   Lessing 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL    NOTE 

References  to  Lessing's   Works  are  to  the  following  editions,  cited 
in  the  order  named  and  by  means  of  the  abbreviations  noted: 

1.  L-M     Lachmann-Muncker. — Lessings     Samtliche     Schriften.     Her- 

ausgegeben  von  Karl  Lachmann  (13  Bde.  1838-40.  2.  Aufl. 
von  Maltzahn,  1857).  Dritte  Auflage  neu  revidiert  von 
Franz  Muncker.  21  Bande  (16  of  Works,  5  of  Corre- 
spondence). Berlin,  1891-1907. — An  index  vol.  is  to  follow; 
in  its  absence  the  most  convenient  'working  edition'  is  H. 

2.  H.     Hempel. — Lessings      Werke.      Herausgegeben     von     Redlich, 

Gross,  Pilger  u.s.w.  20  Thcilc  (in  13  Biinden).  Berlin 
(1868-79). — The  only  edition  except  the  Lachmann-Muncker 
which  contains   Lessing's  correspondence. 

3.  DNL    Kiirschners  Deutsche  National-Litteratur.    Lessings  Werke. 

Hcrausgeg.  von  Boxbcrger  und  Bliimner.  14  Theile  in 
18  Banden.    Stuttgart  (1883-90).     (Price,  Mk.  3.50  per  vol.) 

4.  C     Cotta. — Lessings     Samtliche     Werke.     Herausgeg.     von     Hugo 

Goring.     20   Bande.      Stuttgart    (1883-85).      Cottaschc    Bib- 
liothek     der    Wcltlit. — Supplement,     vol.    Lessings     Leben 
(very  good,  brief).     (Price   1    Mark  per  vol.;  sold  singly.) 
The    standard    edition    of    Lessing's    Works    is    the    Lachmann- 
Muncker,  which  is  provided  with   complete  critical  apparatus  and  is 
the    final    authority    on    textual    questions.     The    introductions    relate 
to    textual   matters    only.     The   edition   is    therefore   less   adapted    to 
the  earlier  stages  of  Lessing  study  than  H  or  DNL,  which    (except 
H    Thcilc    1-5)    have   excellent    general    introductions   and    also    some 
notes.    C  has  good  brief  introductions,  but  no  notes.     Editions  with 
English  introductions  and  notes  will  be  mentioned  when  available. — 
Only  collected   ed.    (the  'Vademecum')    in   Lessing's   lifetime:    G.   E. 
Lessings   Schriften.     6  Theile.      Berlin.   1753-55    (cf.  for  Topics  5-9). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Complete,  to  1892,  in  GOEDEKE'S  "Grund- 
riss".    Band    IV.     132-154.     Annual,    since    1890,    in    "Jahresberichte." 
Selected,  to  1909,  in  BARTELS'  "Handbuch".  193-201. 

SOURCES. — First-hand  information  about  Lessing's  life  and 
works  to  be  found  in  (a)  BRIEFE,  which  should  invariably  be 
consulted  in  the  preparation  of  essays.  Contained  in  L-M  17,  IS 
and  H  20.  i.  The  letters  contain  much  of  interest  about  Lessing's 
various  works,  published  and  planned.  For  index  of  references  (ar- 
ranged, in  general,  chronologically  with  respect  to  genesis  of  works') 
see  'Namen-Register'  in  H  20.  i.,  page  856-858.  References  are  made 
to  the  letter  numbers.  Much  may  also  be  found  in  the  letters  to 
Lessing   (L-M   19-21,  H  20.  ii.),  to  which  there  is  no  index. 


6  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTE 

(b)  KARL  G.  LESSING:  "Gotthold  Ephraim  Lessings  Leben, 
nebst  seincm  .  .  .  littcrarischen  Nachlassc."  3  Theile.  Berlin, 
1793-95. — Biography  in  vol.  1.  Reprinted  in  Reclam's  Univcrsal- 
Bibliothck,  No.  2408-9, — This  biography  is  far  from  satisfactory,  but 
is  valuable  by  reason  of  the  writer's  relationship  and  consequent 
intimate  knowledge  of  Lessing's  life. 

(c)  CONTEMPORARY  CRITICISM.— J.  W.  BRAUN:  "Lessing 
im  Urthcile  seiner  Zeitgenossen."  3  Biinde. — Reviews  of  contemp- 
orary critics,  arranged  in  chronological  order.  To  be  consulted  for 
all  essays  dealing  with  reception  of  Lessing's  works. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  GENERAL  CRITICISM.— The  brief  "Life 
of  Lessing,"  by  T.  \V,  ROLLESTON  (30  cts.)  is  the  best  introduction 
in  English.  Excellent  brief  biography  in  German  (155  p.)  by  R.  M. 
WERNER  (Mk.  1.25).  The  standard  work,  superseding  all  others,  is  the 
monumental  critical  biography  by  ERICH  SCHMIDT.  "Lessing."  2 
vols.  1884-92.  Zweite  Aufiage,  1899.  Dritte  Auflage,  1909.  Should  be  con- 
sulted whenever  cited.  Reference  is  given  by  page  or  by  Book  and 
Chapter  (vol.  1  contains  Books  1  and  2;  vol.  2,  Book  3);  for  the 
portion  of  a  chapter  relating  to  the  topic  assigned,  see  outline  of 
content  at  beginning  of  each  volume.  JAMES  SIME'S  "Lessing"  (2 
vols.,  1S77,  and  in  later  editions)  is  the  best  work  in  English.  ADOLF 
STAHR'S  "G.  E.  Lessing"  (1S39,  and  in  many  editions  since)  is 
a  'popular'  book,  without  claim  to  scientific  scholarship,  but  sym- 
pathetic and  written  in  an  easy  style.  If  the  reading  of  Schmidt 
is  found  difficult,  it  may  be  prefaced  with  advantage  by  the  corre- 
sponding portion  of  Sime  or  Stahr;  in  the  case  of  works,  by  the 
introduction  in  H,  DNL  or  C.  For  either  biographical  or  critical 
topics  Sime  and  Stahr  will  not  suffice;  they  must  be  supplemented 
by  Schmidt  or  by  the  special  works  cited.  —  The  first  scholarly  biog- 
raphy was  that  of  Danzel  und  Guhrauer  (1850-54).  2  Bde.  2.  Aufi. 
1880.     Still  valuable.    Arrangement  inconvenient;  style  difficult. 

DRAMAS. — Two  works  of  particular  value  for  the  study  of  the 
principal  plays  are  GUSTAV  KETTNER'S  "Lessings  Dramen"  (Sara, 
Minna,  Emilia,  Nathan),  1904;  and  KUNO  FISCHER'S  "Lessing  als 
Rcformator  der  Deutschen  Literatur."  2  Bande.  (Faust-Fragment, 
Minna,  Emilia,  Nathan.) — Fischer  is  brief  and  very  lucid;  an  ex- 
cellent introduction  to  study  of  plot  and  characters.  Kettner  is 
much  more  thorough  and  includes  also  a  study  of  sources  and  literary 
influences;  indispensable  (Mk.  6.50). — Fischer,  Mk.  9.50.  Schmidt, 
Mk.  23. 

CRITICAL  WORKS.— Monumental  edition  of  "Laokoon"  by 
HUGO  BLUEMNER.  2.  Auflage,  18S0;  shorter  introd.  and  commen- 
tary, by  Bliimner,  in  DNL  9.  i.  Scholarly  English  ed.  by  W.  G. 
HOWARD,  1910,  with  slightly  abridged  text;  contains  also  Goethe's 
"Uber  Laokoon"  and  Herder's  "Erstes  kritisches  Waldchen,"  the 
latter  very  important  for  the  study  of  Lessing's  work. 

THEOLOGICAL.— Best  general  discussion  is  C.  SCHREMPPS 
"Lessing  als  Philosoph."  Two  valuable  books  on  special  topics  are 
C.  HEBLER'S  "Lessing-Studien"  and  E.  KRETSCHMAR'S  "Les- 
sing und  die  Aufklarung." 


Program  of  Topics 


N.B. — Topics  or  divisions  of  topics  preceded  by  an  asterisk  (*) 
are  to  be  chosen  only  by  advanced  students  who  are  specially 
qualified.  Topic-divisions  enclosed  in  parentheses,  for  example  (a), 
may  be  chosen  singly  as  subjects  for  essays.  Sub-topics,  printed 
in  black  letter  but  not  capitalized,  are  to  be  treated  as  divisions 
of  the  main  subject.  The  synoptic  outline  which  sometimes  follows 
the  topic-title  merely  suggests  important  'headings'  for  the  essay; 
it  is  not  exhaustive  and  does  not  mean  that  the  writer  must  follow 
the  same  order  of  development.  The  titles  of  works  referred  to 
only  by  the  author's  name  will  be  found  in  the  General  Bibliography 
after  the  Third  Scries  of  Topics.  Read  carefully  the  Instructions 
and  Bibliographical  Note  on  preceding  pages  before  beginning  work. 

1.  THE    GERMAN    PEOPLE    AFTER    THE    THIRTY    YEARS' 

WAR,  1648-1740. — The  Rise  of  Prussia  to  the  Accession  of 
Frederick  the  Great. 

Nature  of  the  conflict.  Cliaracter  of  the  armies.  Conduct  of  warfare  and 
its  results.  Terms  of  the  Peace  of  Westphalia.  Conditions  after  the 
war:  political,  economic,  moral,  religious,  educational,  literary  (last  briefly). 
Character  and  relations  of  nobility,  bourgeoisie  and  peasantry. — Evidences  of 
gradual  recovery.  Characteristics  of  Brandenburg-Prussian  rulers  and 
people.      Preparation    for   the   hegemony    of    Prussia. 

Karl  Biedermann,  Band  2,  Erster  Theil,  p.  27-66,  Freytag:  Aus 
dcm  Jahrhundert  dcs  grosscn  Krieges.  Selections  by  Rhoades 
(Heath  &  Co.)  Henne  am  Rhyn,  II.  4.  Buch,  ix.  Abschnitt;  .^. 
Buch  ii.  und  v.  Abschnitt.  Sach,  II.  chaps.  27-29,  p.  414-470. 
Henderson,  II.  chap.  1,  3.   Hillebrand,  37-78.    Richard,  chap.  31,  32. 

2.  FREDERICK    THE    GREAT— MAN   AND    STATESMAN.— Su- 

premacy of  Prussia. 
Boyhood  and  youth  (1712-).  Education.  Early  tastes.  Conflict  with  father; 
reconciliation.  Marriage.  King  of  Prussia  (1740-1786).  Political  and 
military  achievements  (without  details  of  wars).  Political  and  religious 
phi'osophy.  Theory  and  practise  of  kingship.  Civil  administration. 
Paternalism.  Economic,  educational  and  religious  reforms. — Personal  traits 
and  private  life.  Sans  Souci.  Literary  interests  and  attainments  (without 
detail,    cf.    Topic    3).      Isolation   of   later    years.      Death. 

Freytag:  Aus  dem  Staat  Friedrichs  des  Grossen,  ed.  by  Hager 
(Heath).  Hettner,  III.  ii.  3-29,  147-161.  Sach,  II.  chaps.  45,  46, 
p.  690-722.  Henderson,  II.  111-204  (passim).  Macaulay:  Essay 
on  Frederick  the  Great.  Robinson  and  Beard:  Readings  in 
Modern  European  History.  Vol.  I.  Rcadintr^;  31.  r^2  39.  40,  06.  07. 
Richard,  ch.  35.    K.  Biedermann,  Bd.  4,  p.  1140-65;  ed.  Walz,  62-89. 


8  PROGRAM    OF    TOPICS 

3.  FREDERICK  THE  GREAT  AS  STUDENT  AND  PATRON  OF 

LETTERS.     Relations   with  Voltaire.     "De  la   litterature 
allemande." 

Frederick's  interest  in  French  literature.  Reasons.  His  French  writings. 
Correspondence  with  Voltaire.  Voltaire's  career  to  1750.  First  (1740) 
and  subsequent  (1742,  1743)  meetings.  Voltaire's  stay  at  Berlin  (1750-53). 
Personal  intercourse.  Results.  Voltaire's  offenses.  His  departure.  Later 
relations. — Frederick's  neglect  of  German  writers.  Reasons.  Effect.  His 
discourse    "On    German    Lit.''   1780. 

"De  la  litterature  allemande,"  cd.  Geiger  (with  German  transl. 
of  Dohm);  transl.  Simon,  Rcclam  Univ.  Bibliothek,  No.  2211. 
A.  E.  Berger:  Fricdr.  dcr  Grosse  und  die  deutschc  Literatur 
(Bonn,  1890),  p.  1-33.  E.  Schmidt,  2d  edition,  vol.  I,  p.  152- 
161,  vol.  II.  p.  610-614;  3d  edition,  I.  p.  153-162,  II.  p.  615-619. 
Henderson,  II.  p.  182-192.  Reception:  Suphan:  Fr.  d.  Gr.  Schrift. 
Voltaire:  Encyclopedia  Britannica  (for  general  biograph.  sketch). 
Hettner,  II.  136-165.  Condorcet:  Vic  de  Voltaire  (Bibl.  Nat. 
Paris,  1889),  p.  63-71.  H.  Grimm,  transl.  Adams:  Essays  on 
Literature  (Boston,  1888),  p.  93-130.  J.  Morley:  Voltaire  (N.  Y. 
&  Lond.  1S88),  p.  194-210.  J.  Parton.  Life  of  Voltaire  (Boston, 
1881),  vol.  11.  chap,  3-9,  12.  Stahr,  2tes  Buch,  4tes  Kapitel  (1st  half). 

4.  LESSING'S  BOYHOOD  AND  YOUTH.— Kamenz  (Jan.  22, 1729- 

June,  1741)   'Fiirstenschiiler'  at  St.  Afra   (June,   1741-June, 
1746).    Leipzig  Student  (Sept.,  1746-July,  1748). 

Home  and  parentage.  Father's  character.  Earliest  schooling. — Studies  and 
teachers  at  St.  Afra.  Private  reading.  'Juvenilia'  (earliest  writings). — 
Leipzig,  city  and  university.  Professors  Ernesti,  Christ,  Kastner.  Gottsched 
and  Gellcrt.  Associates;  Weisse  and  Mylius.  Theater:  Frau  Ncuber. — 
Writings.  First  published  play:  "Damon,  oder  die  wahre  Freundschaft''. 
Production  of  "Dcr  junge  Gelehrte"  (without  details  of  the  play,  cf.  Topic 
7a).  Consequences.  At  home,  Jan. -Apr.  174S.  Return  to  Leipzig.  De- 
parture  for    Berlin   via   Wittenberg,    July,    1748. 

Brief e,  L-M  17.  No.  1,  2,  6.  H.  20.  i.  No.'s  1-3.  "GlUckwiinsch- 
ungsrede"  (1743).  L-M  14.  136-142.  H  18.  297-304.  DNL  13. 
229-236.  "An  Carlowitz"  (1746)  L-M  1.  274-278.  DNL  1.  83-86. 
C  1.  133-136.  "Damon,"  L-M  3.  178-200.  H.  5  119-42.  DNL  3. 
i.  193-217.  C  2.  21-44.  K.  Lessing,  Kapitel  2,  3.  E.  Schmidt,  Erstes 
Buch,  I.  und  II.  Kap.  Stahr,  Erstes  Buch,  Kap.  1-3.  Sime,  chap. 
2,  3. 

5.  THE   BEGINNINGS    OF  LESSING'S  CAREER.     Berlin   (Nov. 

1748-Dec.,  1751).  Wittenberg  (Dec,  1751-Nov.,  1752).  Ber- 
lin (Nov.  1752-Oct.,  1755). 
From  Leipzig  via  Wittenberg  to  Berlin.  First  experiences  in  Berlin. 
Literary  occupations  and  interests.  Relations  with  parents.  Connection 
and  quarrel  with  Voltaire.  Student  again.  Literary  work  at  Wittenberg 
(without  details).  Return  to  Berlin.  Associates  and  friends,  especially 
Mylius,  Ramler,  Mendelssohn  and  Nicolai.  Importance  of  last  two. — 
Critical  journals  rnd  reviews  of  this  period.  Publication  of  "G.  E.  Lessing's 
Schriften.     Sechs    Theile".     1753-55.     Their  content.     Departure  to   Leipzig. 

Briefe,  L-M  17.  No.  9-19,  27,  34,  36.  H  20.  i.  No.  3-10,  13,  17,  19; 
L-M  19.  No.  13,  15.     H  20.  ii.  No.  2,  3.      "Beitrage  zur  Historic 


FIRST   SERIES:   LESSING  9 

und  Aufnahme  des  Theaters"  (1750).  Aims,  character  and  con- 
tent. Read  Vorrede,  L-M  4.  49-5G.  H  11.  i.  p.  3-10,  DNL  4.  ii. 
97-106.  C  6.  11-20.  "Das  Neueste  aus  dem  Reiche  des  Witzes" 
(Apr.-Dcc.  1751).  Read  April  number,  on  J.  J.  Rousseau's  "Dis- 
cours"  and  Klopstock's  "Mcssias."  L-M  4.  385-99.  H  8.  33-48. 
DNL  4.  ii.  3-17.  C  6.  153-166.  K.  Lessing,  Kap.  4-6.  E.  Schmidt, 
Erstes  Buch,  IV.  u.  V.  Kap.  (biogr.).  Stahr,  2.  Buch.  Sime,  chap.  4-6. 
Robertson:  Lessing's  "Beitrage".  Mod.  Lang.  Rev.  8.  Sllf,  9.  213f. 
Reviews.  H  12.  beginning  p.  435,  468,  481,  532,  536,  560,  580,  607. 
Nicolai  and  Mendelssohn:  Hettner,  IIL  2.  169-81,  190-99.  M.  Kay- 
serling:  Moses  Mendelssohn.  2te  Aufl.  p.  216-26,  266-77,  338-54. 
Jewish  Encyclop.,  art.  on  Moses  Mendelssohn.  Rousseau:  En- 
cyclop.  Brit,  (biogr.  sketch).  Hettner,  II.  448-454.  English  transl. 
of  "First  Discourse"  in   Everyman's  Library,  No.  660,  p.  125-154. 

6.  LESSING'S  LYRICS  AND  EPIGRAMS  (1747  ff). 

"LIEDER,"  including  "Kleinigkeiten"  (1751).  L-M  I.  61-132 
H  1.  51-100.  DNL  1.  3-62.  C  1.  66-117.  "SINNGEDICHTE." 
L-M  1.  3-58.  H.  1.  121-69.  DNL  1-121-79.  C  1.  22-64.  "ODEN," 
Anhang  (2tes  Buch,  No.'s  1-5.)  L-M  1.  148-153.  H  1.  113-17. 
DNL  1.  77-82.  C  1.  129-33.  Lessing's  Vorrede.  H  12.  405-409. 
DNL  6.  143-147.  C  1.  22-25.  E,  Schmidt,  Erstes  Buch,  III. 
Kapitel,   1,  2  passim. 

7.  SIGNIFICANT  EARLY  THEMES.— Minor  Early  Plays. 

(a)  "DER  JUNGE  GELEHRTE."     Ein  Lustspiel  (before  1748). 

Genesis.      Revision    at    Leipzig.      Local    incident.      Plot    and   characters. 
Import.      'Selbstkritik'.      Production.       Reception. 

L-M  1.  279-372.    H  4.  1-90.    DNL  1.  263-352.    C  2.  45-130.— Vorrer' 
H,  12.     410-14.     DNL  6.  250-54.     C  2.  16-20.    Briefe,  L-I^^^scussed.  I 
6.     H,20.  i.  No.  3.    E.  Schmidt,  2d  ed.  I.  135-141;  3d  ed.  L  1^  ) 

(b)  "DER  FREIGEIST."     Ein  Lustspiel  (1749). 

Gcntsis.  Early  religious  influences.  Religion  and  free-thought  in  Berlin 
Frederick  and  Voltaire.  Pastor  Lessing's  anxiety.  Lessing's  reply.  His 
proposal.      Plot    and    characters    of    the    play.      Import. 

L-M  2.  49-124.  H  5.  1-75.  DNL  2.  1-76.  C  2.  211-292.  Entwurf 
(Scenario):  L-M  3.  262-72.  H  11.  ii.  423-34.  DNL  3.  ii.  61-70. 
C  2,  212-221.  Briefe,  L-M  17.  No.  10.  H  20.  i.  No.  5.  "Die 
Religion"  (fragment  of  poem),  L-M  1.  255-67.  H  1.  177-87.  DNL 
1.  200-210.  C  1.  151-61.  E.  Schmidt,  2d  ed.  I.  104-107,  141-145; 
3d  ed.  I.  105-108,  142-147. 

(c)  i.  "DIE  JUDEN."    Ein  Lustspiel  (1749). 

Genesis.  Condition  of  the  Jews  in  Berlin.  Frederick's  attitude.  Lessing'* 
interest.  Plot  and  characters  of  the  play.  Significance  of  Lessing'.^ 
idealization.  Criticism  thereof  by  Michaelis.  Lessing's  reply  (1754). 
Gumpertz's    protest.      Mendelssohn    as    the    ideal. 

L-M  1.  374-411.  H  4.  91-126.  DNL  1.  353-388.  C  2.  125-160. 
Vorrede,  H  12.  413.  DNL  6.  253.  C  2.  19.  "Ueber  das  Lustspiel, 
Die  Juden"  ("Theatralische  Bibliothek,"  1754).  L-M  6.  159-166. 
H  11.  i.  341-48.  DNL  5.  167-74.  C.  3.  17-24.  E.  Schmidt,  2d  ed.  T. 
145-151;  3d  ed.  I.  147-152.    Biedermann,  4.  1113-24;  ed.  Walz,  36-45. 


10  PROGRAM    OF    TOPICS 

ii,  SIMON    LEMNIUS.     (Eine    Rettung.     1752.)     (Kritische) 

BRIEFE  1-8  (1753). 
Lessing's   "Vindications":   Schriftcn,   3.   Teil.      Their   character   and   purpose 
(of.    Vorrede,    H   12.    411.      DNL   12.    251.    C   2.    17).— The   case   of   Lemnius 
(153S).      Luther's    conduct.       Lessing's    investigation.      His    impartial    judg- 
ment.     His   estimate    of   Luther.      His   tolerance. 

L-M    5.   41-64.      H    8,    167-191.      DNL    6.    148-171.      C    6.    245-266. 
Einleitung,   H  8.    146-153.     E.   Schmidt,   2d   ed.   I.   226-32;   3d   ed. 
I.  22S-34.     Sime,  chap.  5,  III. 
(d)  i.  "SAMUEL  HENZI."    Ein  Trauerspiel.     (Fragment.     1749?) 

Genesis.  Sources:  contemporary  newspaper  accounts.  Career  and  fate 
of  Ilenzi.  Content  of  the  fragment.  Form.  Theme:  republican  liberty. 
Significance  of  Lessings's  interest.  Other  plans:  "Das  befreite  Rom", 
"Virginia".       Influenced     by     Shakespeare's     "Julius     Caesar"?       Reception. 

(Krit.)  Briefe  22-23:  L-M  5.  97-121.  H  8.  227-50.  DNL  6.  205-29. 
C  5.  137-58.  Contemporary  accounts,  H.  11.  ii.  435-63  (Text, 
464-83).  C  5.  14-38.  E.  L.  Rochholz:  Tell  und  Gessler,  232-38. 
E.   Schmidt,  2d   ed.   I.   210-17,   341-43;    3d   ed.   I.  212-19,   347-49. 

ii.  MINOR  EARLY   COMEDIES.     "Der  Misogyne"   (1748). 
"Die  alte  Jungfer"  (1749).    "Der  Schatz"  (1750). 
L-M    2.    1-48;    125-70.   3.   201-34.      H    4.    127-68.    5.    77-118;    143-76, 
DNL  2.  77-119;  121-66.  3.  i.  219-56.     C  2.  131-74.    175-210.  3.  61-102. 

Typical  themes   and  characters  in   "Der  Misogyne"   and  "Die  alte   Jungfer''. 

Humorous    situations. — "Der    Schatz"    and    the    "Trintimmus"'    of    Plautus. 

Lessing's   Plautus   studies   in  his  "Beitrage  zur  Historic  und  Aufnahme   des 

Theaters",    (cf.   Topic    5). 

E.  Schmidt,  Erstes  Buch,  III.  Kap.,  4;  IV.  Kap.,  2. 
♦8.  STUDIES  IN  HORACE.     LANGE  AND  HIS  TRANSLATION. 

Pastor  Large  as  poet  and  translator.  His  translation  of  Horace.  Lessirg's 
^.'eview  ("Kritischer  Brief"  24).  His  letter  to  Prof.  G.  S.  Xicolai  (L-M 
17.  No.  19;  H  20  i.  No.  10).  Nicolai's  proposal  (L-M  19.  No.  16;  H  20. 
ii.  No.  4)  and  Lessing's  reply  (L-M  17.  No.  20;  H  20.  i.  No.  11). 
Publication  of  Lessing's  review  in  the  "Hamburg  Correspondent".  Lange's 
reply  (Nov.  1753),  H  13.  i.  13-31.  Lessing's  "Vade  Mecum"  (1754). 
Lange's  open  letter  to  Prof.  Nicolai  (Feb.  1754),  H  13  i.  32-49).  Nicolai's 
answer,  H  13.  i.  50-58.  His  explanation  of  Lessing's  position. — A  sequel 
of  the  Lange  affair:  "Rettungen  des  Horaz''.  The  charges.  Lessing  s 
method   of    defense.      His    principles    of    criticism. 

(Kritischer)  BRIEF  24  (1753).  L-M  5.  122-27.  H  S.  251-55.  DXL 
6.  229-34.      C  6.  300-05. 

"Ein  VADE  MECUM  fur  den  Hrn.  Sam.  Gotth.  Lange"  (1754). 
L-M  5.  223-263.  H  13.  i.  61-105,  passim.  DNL  6.  255-296,  passim. 
C  15.  11-42.  passim.  Read  Introduction,  and  criticism  of  Book  1: 
Odes  1,  2,  11;-  Book  5,  Ode  11;  Conclusion,  Ode  38.  Cf.  the 
letters  of  Lange  and  G.  S.  Nicolai  in  H  13.  i.,  noted  above.  Cf. 
Lessing's  announcements  in  "Vossische  Zeitung,"  H  12.  5'>2-36. 
"RETTUNGEN  DES  HORAZ"  (1754).  Read  first  half  (about): 
L-M  5.  273-S6.  H  13.  i.  119-36.  DNL  6.  297-314.  C  15.  43-54. 
Briefe,  L-M  17.  Nos.  19,  20.  32.  H  20,  i.  No.  10,  11,  16;  L-M  19, 
No.  16.  H  20.  ii.  No.  4.  E.  Schmidt,  2d  ed.  I.  232-43;  3d  ed.  I. 
234-45.     Sime,  chap.  6.  §  III.     Michaelis's  review  in  Braun,  I. 


FIRST   SERIES:    LESSING  11 

9.  "MISS  SARA  SAMPSON."    Ein  burgerliches  Trauerspiel.  (1755). 

L-M  2.  2G5-352.       li  2.  91-173.     DXL  2.  167-253.     C  3.  103-184. 

(a)  A  CRITICAL  STUDY. 

Genesis.     Critical  analysis  of  plot  and  characters.    Comparison  of  characters 
with   those    of   "Emilia    Galotti".     Reception    and    influence. 

(b)  ENGLISH  INFLUENCE  ON  PLOT  AND  CHARACTERS. 

— Beginning  of  the  'Middle-Class  Tragedy'  in  Germany. 

English    origins    of    (1)    The    Middle-Class    Tragedy,    with    special    reference 
to   Lillo,   and   (2)    The   Family   Novel  of  Richardson. 

(a)  or  (b):  Biedermann,  Band  II.  Zwcitcr  Tcil,  p.  262-G6.  Hettner, 
III.  2.  462-67.     E.  Schmidt,  2d  cd.  I.  246-67:  3d  cd.  I,  272-94. 
(a):    Briefe,  H  20.  i.   Register,  p.  856.    Bulthaupt,  I.  3-11.    Braim; 
Lessing  im  Urtheile.  I.  69-86.    Stahr,  Drittes  Buch,  Kap.  3.   Sime, 
chap.  6,  §  VI. 

(b)  Lillo:  "The  London  Merchant,  or  George  Barnwell"  (1731); 
ed.  by  A.  W.  Ward  (Heath  &  Co.).  Richardson:  "Clarissa  Har- 
lowe"  (1748);  abridged  by  Chas.  Jones  (Holt  &  Co.). 
Eloesser:  Das  biirgerliche  Drama,  Kap.  1,  2.  Hettner,  I.  418-27, 
466-70.  Kettner,  1-20,  178-83.  Lessing:  Hamburgische  Drama- 
turgic, 13tes  u.  14tes  Stiick,  H  7.  115-18.  DNL  10.  65-68.  C  11. 
155-57.  Lessing:  Vorrede  zu  der  Uebersetzung  von  Thomson's 
Trauerspielen  (1756).     H  11.  i.  855-60.    DNL  7.  74-79.     C  8.  142-47. 

10.  LITTER ATURBRIEFE    ("Briefe  die  neueste  Litteratur  betref- 

fend."    1759-1765). 
L-M  8.  3-285.     H  9.  33-351.     DXL  7.  153-445.     C  9.     Selections  to 
be  read  (c.  65  pages):     Einleitung.     Briefe  1-6,  11,  12,  16,  17,  36, 
41    (first   half),   44,   48-50,   52    (H    1-4),   63,   64   (^   1,   2),   65,    70,    81 
(^   1-6),    102,   111    (U   1,   2). 

Genesis.      Plan    and    scope.      Collaborators.      Topics    and    writers    discussed. 

Character   and    style   of   Lessing's   criticism. 
Briefe,  H  20.  i.  Register,  p.  857.     E.  Schmidt,  Zweites  Buch,  III. 
Kap.  2.    Sime  chap.  8,  §§  2,  3.    Braun:  Lessing.  I.  88-144,  passim. 

11.  LESSING'S  FAUST-FRAGMENT  (1759). 

*(a)  FAUST  BEFORE  LESSING.  Faust  in  History,  Legend 
and  Drama. 
The  historical  Dr.  Faust  (c.  1480-1540).  "Das  altcste  Faustbuch'  (1587) ;  ed 
by  W.  Scherer,  18S4 ;  by  W.  Braune:  Neudrucke  deut.  Lit'werke,  No's  7,  S. 
1878.  Later  versions:  Widmann,  Pfitzer,  'Ein  Christlich  Meynender' 
(1725).  English  Faust-Book  (before  1589) ;  reprint  in  "Medieval  Tales". 
Mor'.ey's  Univ.  Library.  Marlowe's  "Dr.  Fausius''  (1589);  ed.  by  W. 
Wagner,  Longman's  English  Classics.  The  Faust  Drama  in  Germany: 
Marlowe's  play,  'Volksschauspiel',  and  'Puppenspiel'.  Specimen  'Puppenspiele' 
in  Scheible:     Das  Kloster",   Bd.  5,  p.  747-805  and  ff. 

Kuno  Fischer:  Goethes  Faust.  I.  Kap.  5-9.  C.  Thomas:  Goethe's 
Faust  (Text  and  commentary).  Part  I.  Introduction,  p.  xi-xxiii. 
Bibliography:  Historical  Faust,  legend,  puppet  plays,  etc..  Appen- 
dix I. 

(b)   LESSING'S  FAUST.     Text  and  'Zeugnisse.'— With  a  brief 
survey  of  earlier  Faust  literature. 


12  PROGRAM    OF    TOPICS 

The  published  fragment,  in  17th  Litteraturbrief.  Unpublished  fragment, 
the  'Berliner  Szenarium'.  References  in  Lessing's  correspondence.  Other 
statements.  Lessing's  'two  Fausts'.  Reports  of  Blankenberg  and  Engel 
after  Lessing's  death.  The  manuscript  lost?  Or  never  continued'.' — Origm 
and    development    of    the    Faust    theme.     Significance    of    Lessing's  plan. 

R.  Petsch:  Lessings  Faustdichtung.  Mit  erlauternden  Beigaben. 
1911  (contains  complete  original  material,  with  discussion).  H 
11.  ii.  579-603.  K.  Fischer:  Lessing,  I.  143-74.  E.  Schmidt,  2d 
ed.  I.  364-81;  3d  ed.  I.  370-87.  R.  Petsch:  Goethe-Jahrbuch. 
1907,  p.  105-33.  Faust  theme  before  Lessing:  of.  Kuno  Fischer 
and  C.  Thomas,  under  (a). 

♦12.  LESSING'S    FABLES.      HIS    THEORY    OF    THE    FABLE. 

"Fabeln.     Drei  Biicher.     Nebst   Abhandlungen  mit  dieser 

Dichtungsart   verwandten   Inhalts."    1759. 
FABELN:    L-M  1.  193-234.    H  1.  195-229.    DNL  1-217-258.     C  L 
197-232. 

VORREDE.  ABHANDLUNGEN:  Selections  to  be  read,  I 
(first  half),  II  and  V.  L-M  7.  415-433,  446-55,  475-79.  H  10.  19- 
42,  56-64,  86-90.  DNL  8.  3-22,  36-44,  67-71.  C  1.  194-96,  233-47, 
260-67,  287-90. 

Genesis     (cf.     Vorrede).      Models.      Themes:      general,     literary,     personal. 

Typical    examples:      cf.    especially   Book    I,    No's    3,    5,    6,    8,    13,    14,    17-20, 

22.      Book    II:     No's    3-7,    9,    15,    16,    18,   21,   23,    28.      Book    III:     No's    1, 

2,  4,  7-11,  16-22,  25,  27,  29,   31. 

Theory,     with     illustrations     from     Lessing's     Fables:        Definitions.      Simple 

and    comple.x.     Aim    and    scope    of    the    Fable.     Use    of    animals    explained. 

Fables  in  the  school. 
Briefe,  H  20.  i.  Register,  p.  856.     Litteraturbrief  70:  H  9.  241-51. 
DNL  7.  345-54.     C  9.  173-81.     E.  Schmidt,  2d  ed.  I.  391-405;  3d  ed. 
I.  397-411.     Sime,  chap.  8,  §  4. 

13.  LESSING  AND  THE  SEVEN  YEARS'  WAR  (1756-63).  "PHI- 
LOTAS."  Ein  Trauerspiel  (1759).— The  epoch.  The  na- 
tional hero.     Beginnings  of  a  German  Nation. 

In  Leipzig  (Oct.  1755-May,  1758).  The  interrupted  journey  with  Winkler. 
Associates  in  Leipzig.  Friendship  with  Ewald  von  Kleist.  His  character  and 
career  (cf.  Briefe,  L-M  17.  No.  119-122;  H  20.  i.  No.  84-86.  "Sinngedichte", 
2tes  Buch,  No.  47). — Gleim's  War  Songs. — In  Berlin  again  (May,  1758-Nov. 
1760).  Literary  work  in  this  period.  "Philotas".  a  tragedy  of  war. — In 
service  at  Breslau  (Nov.  1760-May,  1765).  Life  and  associates.  Illness. 
Studies  and  writings  (without  detail).  Resignation.  Reasons.  Last  Berlin 
residence   (May,  1765-Apr.   1767).    The  librarianship.    Lessing  and  Frederick. 

"PHILOTAS":    L-M  2.  253-276.     H  2.   175-199.     DNL  2.  255-278. 
C   3.    185-208. 

Briefe,  H  20.  i.  Register,  p.  852  (Friedrich  d.  Grosse),  p.  857 
("Philotas").  Gleim:  "Kriegslieder  eines  preussischen  Grena- 
diers" (especially  No.  2,  5,  9).  DNL,  vol.  45,  p.  241-287.  Litera- 
turdenkmale  des  18.  Jahrhunderts.  No.  4.  Cf.  Lessing's  letters 
to  Gleim:  Briefe,  L-M  17.  No.  98,  102,  108.  110,  113,  114,  119,  121, 
122.  H  20.  i.  No.  71,  74,  77,  78,  80,  81,  84,  85,  86.  To  Ramler: 
L-M  17,  No.  130.  159.  H  20.  i.  No.  93,  122.  To  Nicolai:  last 
paragraph,  L-M   18.     No.  565.     H  20.  i.   No.  437. 


FIRST  SERIES:    LESS  IN  G  13 

Freytag.  Bilder,  4.  Band,  5.  Kap.  p.  245-62.  Henderson,  II.  chap. 
7.  Goethe:  Dichtung  und  Wahrheit.  Hempel  ed.  of  'Werke,' 
Ed.  21,  p.  62-63.  Hettner,  III.  2.  147-61.  Kettner,  p.  72-80,  Braun: 
Lessing  im  Urtheile,  I.  E.  Schmidt,  2d  ed.  I,  312-32,  347-53,  437- 
50,  455-56,  545-51;  3d  ed.  I.  317-337,  353-59,  443-56,  461-62,  556-62. 
Stahr,  Fiinftes  Buch,  Kap.  1;  Sechstes  Buch,  Kap.  2.  Sime,  chap. 
9,    10.    Braun:   Lessing,  I.    117-21. 

14.  "MINNA  VON  BARNHELM  oder  DAS  SOLDATENGLUECK." 
Ein  Lustspiel.  "Verfertiget  im  Jahre  1763."  (PubUshed 
1767). 

L-M  2.  171-264.  H  2.  1-89.  DNL  2.  279-371.  C  3.  209-295.  Edited, 
with  introduction  and  notes,  by  J.  Wiehr.  Oxford  Univ.  Press 
(American  Branch). 

(a)  GENESIS.     CRITICAL   STUDY   OF   PLOT   AND   CHAR- 

ACTERS. 

The  background.  Breslau  experiences.  Literary  influences. — Dramatic  struc 
ture.    Critical  analysis  of  characters.    E.xcellences  and  defects. 

(b)  CONTEMPORARY   SIGNIFICANCE,   POLITICAL   AND 

LITERARY. 

Time  and  place  of  the  action.  Events  and  conditions  portrayed.  Timeliness 
and  novelty.  Soldier-types.  The  King.  Political  and  ethical  import.  A 
'war  play'?.  A  drama  of  patriotism?  'Ein  National-Stuck? — First  per- 
formance. Difficulties.  Reception  and  influence. — As  a  literary  novelty. 
Why  'the  first  German  comedy'? 

(a)  or  (b):  E.  Schmidt,  Zweites  Buch.  TV.  Kapitel,  2.  Stahr, 
Funftes  Buch,  Kap.  2.  Sime,  chap.  11.  Meyer-Benfey. 
Ca):  Kettner,  Kap.  1,  2,  4,  6,  7,  8.  Fischer,  I.  88-93,  103-40. 
Eloesser,  85-98.  (b)  Kettner,  Kap.  2,  3.  5.  Fischer,  I.  73-88. 
Bulthaupt,  I.  13-24.  Braun:  Lessing,  I.  177-231,  passim.  Goethe: 
Dichtung  und  Wahrheit.     'Werke'  Hempel  ed.  Band  21,  p.  63-64. 

*15.  "LAOKOON:  oder  uber  die  Grenzen  der  Mahlerei  und  Poesie." 
1766. 

L-M  9.  3-177.  H  6.  15-172.  DNL  9.  i.  C  10.  Edited,  with  in- 
troduction and  exhaustive  commentary,  by  H.  Blumner.  2.  Auf- 
lage,  1880.  Excellent  shorter  introd.  and  notes  by  same  editor 
in  DNL  9.  i.  Edited  with  (English)  introd.  and  notes  by  W.  G. 
Howard  (Holt).  Howard  omits  chaps.  26-29  and  some  unim- 
portant passages  elsewhere,  but  includes  Goethe's  essay  "Ueber 
Laokoon"  (the  statue)  and  a  great  part  of  Herder's  critique 
(see  below).  Edited,  with  brief  (Eng.)  introd.  and  notes  by 
Hamann  and  Upcott  (Clarendon  Press). 

For  the  reading  of  complete  text,  required  of  all  who  elect  a  topic  under 
this  subject,  the  edition  of  Hamann  and  Upcott  will  suffice.  The  portion 
covered  by  a  given  topic  should  be  prepared  with  the  aid  of  Howard's 
introduction  and  commentary,  which  may  be  supplemented,  on  important 
points,  by  Bliimner  (large  ed.).  For  a  general  introduction  Bliimner'i 
smaller  ed.  is  recommended. — -The  chapters  under  the  respective  topics  should 
be  carefully  analyzed  as  to  content,  argument,  views  refuted,  literaiy 
illustrations,   conclusions. 


14  PROGRAM    OF    TOPICS 

E.  Schmidt,  Zweites  Buch,  V.  Kapitel.    Sime,  chap.  12.    A.  Frey: 
Die  Kunstform  des  L.  Laokoon.    A.  Schmarsow:  Erlaut.  u.  Kom. 
*(a)    GENESIS.     SCOPE   AND    PURPOSE.     THE    MARBLE 
GROUP. 

Preparatory  studies.  Influence  of  predecessors,  especially  of  Moses  Mendels- 
sohn. Publication  as  "Erster  Theil". — Origin,  history  and  date  of  the 
Laokoon  statue.  Sculptor  and  poet  (Vergil)  compared.  Winckelmann's 
explanation  of   difterences.     Lessing's. 

Text  and  commentary:  'Vorrede'  and  chapters  1-6,  26-27.  Winck- 
elmann:  "Gedanken  itber  die  Nachahmung  der  griechischen  Werke 
u.  s.  w."  (Deutsche  Litteraturdenkmale  des  18.  und  19.  Jahrhun- 
derts,  No.  20).  Cf.  Hettner,  III.  2.  367-378.  Frey,  1-78,  92-100. 
*(b)     RELATIONS     OF    ART    AND    POETRY.— Theories    of 

Spence  and  Caylus. 
Text  and  commentary:  chaps.  7-16. 
*(c)  LIMITATIONS  AND  LIBERTIES  OF  THE  POET.— The 

Ugly  in  Art  and  Poetry. 
Text  and  commentary:  chaps.  17-22  and  23-25. 

*(d)  RECEPTION  AND  INFLUENCE.    HERDER'S  "ERSTES 
WAELDCHEN." 

Contemporary  criticism :  Winckelmann,  Goethe,  Klotz,  Herder.  Influence 
on  later   writers,   especially    Goethe   and    Schiller. 

Goethe.     Dichtung  und  Wahrheit,  8.  Buch,  Hempel  ed.  of  'Werke,' 
Band   21,   p.   95-96.      Bliimner    (large   ed.),   p.    119-140.     Herder: 
"Kritische  Walder.     Erstes  Waldchen.     Herrn  Lessings  Laokoon 
gewidmet."      (1769).     Herders  Werke,    DNL   edition,   Band  3.   ii. 
p.  1-171.     Selections  in  Howard's  ed.  of  "Laokoon,"  p.  155-280. 
Read   chaps.    1-3,    6,    9,    11,    13,   17,    treating   the    following    topics:     Lessing 
and     Winckelmann     compared.        Their     respective     interpretation     of     the 
"Philoctetes"    of    Sophocles    and    Herder's    conception. — The    emotional    in 
Greek  literature.     The  beautiful  in  Greek  art.      The   "mythical  circle". — The 
transitory  in  art. — Representation   of  the  gods.     Mythology  poetic. — Homer's 
cloud.     Invisibility  of  the  gods. — The  successive  in  poetry. 
Herder,  DNL  3.  ii.  p.  5-27,  46-57,  67-74,   79-85,  94-104,  129-137;  or 
Howard,  p.  161-175,  185-192,  193-209,  220-229,  247-257.     Cf.     How- 
ard's and  Bliimner's   (in  notes  of  large  ed.  of  "Laokoon")   com- 
mentary and  Lambel's  introd.  to  Herder,  DNL  3.  ii.  p.  xiv-xxi. 

*16.  LESSING'S  CONTROVERSY  WITH  KLOTZ.  THE 
SEQUEL.  "Antiquarische  Briefe"  and  "Wie  die  Alten  den 
Tod  gebildet." 

Klotz  as  scholar  and  critic.  His  character  and  personality.  His  coterie. 
His  treatment  of  Lessing.  Their  correspondence.  Klotz's  attack.  Lessing's 
rejoinder.     Results. 

Briefe:  Klotz  to  Lessing,  May  9,  Oct.  11,  1766  (L-M  19,  H  20.  ii). 
L.  to  K,  June  9,  1766  (L-M  17,  H  20.  i).  E.  Schmidt,  Zweites 
Buch,  VI.  Kapitel,  2.  Sime,  chap.  16.  Briefe,  cf.  Register,  H  20. 
i.  p.  855,  857. 
ANTIQUARISCHE  BRIEFE  ("Briefe  antiquarischen  Inhalts." 
2  Bde.   1768-69). 


FIRST   SERIES:   LESSING  lo 

Treat  nature  and  method  of  discussion  and  the  personal  element  introduced, 
not  the   technical   content. 

Read  'Vorbericht'  and  Briefe  1-5  and  51-57.  L-M  10.  231-245, 
410-438.  H  13.  ii.  3-17,  193-224.  DNL  9.  ii.  33-47,  226-257.  C  13. 
17-27,    153-174. 

WIE  DIE  ALTEN  DEN  TOD  GEBILDET  (1769). 

Occasion  of  the  essay.  Lessing's  two  theses.  The  arguments  and  some  of 
the  evidence.  Import.  Contemporary  influence.  Schiller's  "Die  Goiter 
Grie.chenlands''.      Werke.      Bellermann's   ed.    1.    68-72. 

Read  'Vorrede',  'Veranlassung,'  portions  of  'Untersuchung'  and 
'Priifung':  L-Al  11.  3-17,  34-44,  48-49,  55.  H  13.  ii,  249-265  .(top), 
284-295,  298-99,  306.  DNL  9.  ii.  303-321,  344-356,  360-61,  368.  C 
13.    190-202,  217-24,   227-28.  232-33. 

17.  "HAMBURGISCHE  DRAMATURGIE"  (1767-69). 

L-M  9.  181-406;  10.  3-221.  H  7.  DNL  10.  C  11.  97-316;  12.  1-213. 
Selections  edited,  with  introduction  and  notes,  by  C.  Harris 
(Holt).  Excellent  index  of  names  and  topics  by  G.  Zimmermann 
in  H  7.  489-575.  Calendar  of  plays  performed  in  DNL  10.  468-479. 
Commentaries:  H.  Gaudig:  Wegweiser  durch  die  klassischen 
Schuldramen.  Band -4  (Leipzig  and  Berlin,  2te  Aufl.  1905).  W. 
Cosack.  Materialien  zu  Lessings  Hamburgischer  Dramaturgic 
(contains  full  synopsis  of  each  play  discussed). 
General:  E.  Schmidt,  Zweites  Buch,  V.  Kapitel,  1  &  3.  Bieder- 
mann,  IL  2ter  Theil,  2te  Abtheilung,  p.  332-341.  Sime,  chap.  14. 
15.    Braun:  Lessing  im  Urtheile  usw.  L  290-304,  330-34. 

For  all  topics  the  reading  of  Lessing's  'Ankiindigung'  and  the  concluding 
number  (101.  102-103.  104.  Stiick)  and  of  Harris's  introduction  is  required, 
in  addition  to  the  specific  portions  assigned.  These  assignments  are  made 
according  to  'Stiick'  and  paragraph,  with  page  and  line  references  to  DNL  10. 
They  correspond,  with  a  few  additions,  to  Harris's  selections. — The  te.xt 
assigned  should  be  prepared  with  the  aid  of  the  above  commentaries  and 
the  relevant  parts  of  E.  Schmidt's  discussion.  The  essay  should  present 
a  topical  analysis  of  content,  not  necessarily  in  the  order  followed  by  the 
text,  with  discussion  of  the  points  outlined  below.  Enough  should  be 
told  of  the  principal  plays  mentioned  (such  as  "Semiramis,"  "Zaire,'' 
"Mcrope,"  "Rodogune,"'  "Essex")  to  make  the  discussion  of  principles 
intelligible. 

(a)  THE  HAMBURG  THEATER  AND  THE  DRAMATURGIE 
(Stiick  1-12,  101-104). — Lessing  in  Hamburg  (April,  1767- 
April,  1770).  The  'National-Theater'  and  Lessing's  connec- 
tion with  it.    First  Numbers  of  the  "Dramaturgic." 

Organization  and  conduct  of  the  theater.  Its  failure;  reasons.  Lessing's 
review  of  the  undertaking.  His  self-estimate  (No's  101-104).  Purpose, 
scope,  form  and  critical  method  of  the  "Dramaturgic".  The  opening  per- 
formance. Cronegk's  "Olint  und  Sophronia''.  The  'Christian  drama". 
Other  plays. — The  actor's  art.  "Semiramis.''  The  Ghost  in  Voltaire's  tragedy 
and  in  "Hamlet." 

Read  'Ankundigung'  and  Stuck  1-5;  7,  H  1-3;  8-9;  10,  l^st  H;  11-12; 
101-104.  (total  c.  55  pages,  Cotta).  L-M  9.  181-235,  passim;  10. 
208-221.  H  7.  61-112,  passim;  469-482.  DNL  10.  p.  3-30*,  34-35", 
38-46,   49™-60",  447"-461.     C  11.  99-151,  passim;   12.  200-213. 


16  PROGRAM    OF    TOPICS 

Briefe,  L-M  17.  No.'s  176,  178-193,  196,  197,  199,  206,  207,  216, 
passim.  H  20.  i.  No.'s  132,  134,  142,  144,  145,  147,  153,  154,  160, 
passim.  Stahr,  Siebentes  Buch,  Kapitel  1-3.  Gaudig,  p.  470-505. 
*(b)  RECENT  GERMAN  PLAYS  AND  TYPICAL  FRENCH 
CLASSICS.  (Stuck  13-36.)  The  'Middle-Class'  Drama.  Plot  and 
Characterization  in  Historical  Drama. 

French  and  German  comedies.  Marmontel's  "Soliman  der  Zweite.''  'Das 
biirgerliche  Trauerspiel'  "Miss  Sara  Sampson.''  Play-titles.  Treatment 
of  historical  characters.  Probability  and  consistency  essential.  Prerogatives 
of  genius.  Voltaire's  "Zaire."  Thomas  Corneille's  "Essex."  (Pierre) 
Corneille's   "Rodogune." 

Read  Stiick  13,  H  5  to  end;  14-16;  17,  II  6  to  end;  18-26,  \  8;  28, 
H  5  to  end;  29-34;  35,  f  6-36,  If  2  (total  c.  80  pages,  Cotta).  L-M 
9.  235-337,  passim.  H  7.  113-206  passim.  DNL  10.  p.  62^'-80'*, 
82'*-123'*,  132-161',  163"-167".  C  11.  153-247  passim. 
Gaudig.  p.  505-515  (Zaire),  516-548  passim  (historical  drama), 
548-559  (Rodogune).  Eloesser,  Kapitel  1,  2.  Stahr,  Siebentes 
Buch,  Kap.  4,  5,  7. 

*(c)  DRAMATIC  TECHNIC  AND  CONVENTIONS.  (Stiick  36- 
71). — Principles  of  the  Greek  Drama  and  their  Perversion 
by  Voltaire. 

Voltaire's  "Merope."  His  use  and  his  criticism  of  Mafifei's  drama. 
Aristotle  on  teclinic.  The  Unities.  'Propriety'  in  the  drama.  Banks' 
"Essex:."  Dramatic  dialog.  Naturalness.  Mixture  of  comic  and  tragic. 
Shakespeare.      The   Spanish   drama.      Office   of  art.      L's  critical  method. 

Read  Stiick  36,  Ij  4  to  end;  37-41,  If  3;  42;  44-50;  51,  last  two 
M;  52-54,  If  3;  55,  If  2  to  end;  56;  59;  68,  ^  5  to  end;  69-71,  If  1 
(total  c.  84  pages,  Cotta).  L-M  9.  337-406  passim;  10.  3-85  passim. 
H7.  206-352  passim.  DNL  10.  p.  167"-190",  194-198",  203-232", 
236"'-240,  243-248,  253'^-26l",  270-274'",  31l"-322"'.  C  11.  247- 
316  passim;  12.  9-84  passim. 

Aristotle:  Poetics,  transl.  by  Butcher  (Macmillan),  or  as  pub'- 
lished  in  Cassell's  National  Library.  G.  Freytag:  Technique  of 
the  Drama,  tr.  MacEwan.  Elizabeth  Woodbridge:  The  Drama. 
Its  Law  and  its  Technique.  Gaudig,  p.  559-578  (Merope).  Stahr, 
Siebentes  Buch,  Kap.  7. 

*(d)  ARISTOTLE'S  THEORY   OF  THE  TRAGEDY  AND  LES- 

SING'S  INTERPRETATION.    (Stuck  71-99)  The  Nature 

and   Purpose  of  Tragedy.     Pity  and  Fear.     Characters  in 

tragedy  and  in  comedy. — Contemporary   German  drama. 

Weisse's    "Richard     III."       Aristotle's     definition     of    tragedy.       Corneille's 

erroneous  interpretation.      Lessing's  critical   analysis.     Stage  of  the  ancients 

and  the  moderns.      Diderot   on   the   French   stage;  on   characterization.     His 

"Natiirlicher     Sohn."       Aristotle    on    tragic    characters.       Poetic    truth    vs. 

historical  truth.     Kurd's  theory.     Youth  of  German  dramatists.     Necessity  of 

maturity.      Claims   of   genius    (Sturm   und    Drang).     The   national   element. 

Read  Stiick  73,  If  3  to  end;  74-83,  If  3;  84,  If  1-4;  85,  last  two 
Iflf;  86;  87  &  88,  If  1-5  and  last  4  Iflf;  89-92,  ^  6;  93,  last  If;  95,  If  4  to 
end;  96-97,  If  6;  99,  If  1  (total  c.  70  pages,  Cotta). 


FIRST   SERIES:    LESSING  17 

L-M  10.  85-201  passim.  H  7.  361-462  passim.  DNL  10.  p.  331"- 
376,  378'"-379",  385''-392'*,  397'-412",  417'-'",  424'-432",  439"-44l'. 
C  12.  93-193passim.— Robertson,  Mod.  Lang.  Review,  12.  lS7f,  319f. 
Aristotle's  "Poetics,"  cf.  Topic  17  (c).  Woodbridge,  ditto.  Petsch: 
h.  iiber  d,  Trauerspiel.  Einl.  Witkowski,  Euphorion,  2.  517-529. 
*(e)    GREAT    WRITERS    AND    THEIR    WORKS    IN    THE 

"HAMBURGISCHE  DRAMATURGIE"  —  Voltaire,  Cor- 

neille,  Shakespeare. 

Voltaire  as  Dramatist  and  Critic.  His  "Seniiramis"  "Zaire"  and  M6rope''. 
His   criticism   of   other  dramatists.      Lessing's  estimate. 

Cf.  (passim)  Stiick  2,  10,  11,  12,  15,  21,  23,  24,  29,  32,  36,  40-45,  49, 
50,  55,  70,  71,  80,  84.  Cf.  H   7.  559-573. 

Corneille  as    Dramatist   and   Critic.     His   "Polyeucte"   and   "Rodogune''. 
His   interpretation    of  Aristotle. 

Cf.  (passim)  Stiick  2.  29-32,  44,  75-78,  81-83.     Cf.  H  7.  505-511. 

Comments  on  Shakespeare.  ^J* 
Cf.   (passim)   Stiick  5,  7,  11,  12,  15,  69,  73,  74,  80,  81,  93. 
E.  Schmidt,  2d  ed.   Bd.   I.  596-609;   3d  ed.  I.   609-623.     Meisnest: 
L.  and  Shakespeare.    M.  L.  A.  Pub.  XIX.  234-249.   Gundolf,  105-59. 
Koberstein:    Aufsatze,  163-221.    Witkowski,  Euphorion,  2.  517-529. 
Suphan,   Shakespeare-Jahrbuch,  25.    Bohtlingk:   L.  u.  S.   167-219. 

18.  "EMILIA  GALOTTI."    Ein  burgerliches  Trauerspiel  (1772). 

L-M  2.  377-450.  H  3.  1-71.  DNL  2.  381-447.  C  4.  25-94.  Edited, 
with  introduction  and  notes,  by  M.  Winkler  (Heath)  and  by 
M.  Poll  (Ginn). 

General:  E.  Schmidt,  Drittes  Buch,  I.  Kap.  Stahr,  Zehntes  Buch, 
Kap.  2.    Sime,  chap.  19. 

(a)  GENESIS  AND   SOURCES.     SOCIAL  AND  POLITICAL 

IMPORT.— Production,  Reception. 
Lessing's  initial  impulse.     Treatment  of  the  theme.     Earlier  form  of  the  play. 
Evidences    of    change. — Livy's    story:     History    of    Rome,    Book    III.    1140f. 
Virginia    tragedies,    especially    Crisp's    (English)    and    Montiano's    (Spanish). 
Their   influence   on   Lessing's  play. 

Briefe,  H  20.  i.  Register,  p.  857.  Kettner,  pp.  175-179,  183-194, 
293-302.  Fischer,  I.  p.  180-193.  Danzel  und  Guhrauer,  II.  304-328. 
Samuel  Crisp:  "Virginia"  (London,  1754).  Auszug  aus  dem 
Trauerspiel  Virginia  (Montiano's)  in  "Theatralische  Bibliothek" 
(1754):  L-M  6.  70-120.  H  11.  i.  251-300.  DNL  5.  77-127.  C  7.  72-122. 
R.  M.  Werner,  Zeitschr.  fiir  deut.  Altertum,  Bd.  25.  241-44  (resp. 
3-Act  form).  Idem:  L's  Emilia  Galotti.  G.  Roethe,  Vierteljs.  fiir 
Literaturgeschichte,  Bd.  2,  p.  516-29  (resp.  Lessing's  "Virginia" 
fragment).     Braun:  Lessing,  I.  351-413,  passim;  11.  45-61,  273-82. 

(b)  PLOT  AND  CHARACTERS.  'SCHULDFRAGE'  AND 
CATASTROPHE.— Influence  of  Richardson  and  the  Middle- 
Class  Tragedy. 

Relation  of  the  characters  to  those  of  Livy's  story.  Essential  differences 
and  the  reasons.  The  question  of  Emilia's  'tragic  guilt'  and  the  tragic 
necessity   of   her    fate.      Relation    of   moral   and    tragic    guilt. — The    influence 


18  PROGRAM    OF    TOPICS 

of  Richardson's  "Clarissa  Harlowe".  Motivation  of  the  original  catastrophe 
(Livy)  with  changed  premises  through  the  father's  characterization.  How 
far  successful? — Origin  and  function  of  Orsina's  role.  Development  of  the 
'Machtweib'.  Influence  of  the  English  Middle-Class  tragedy.  Com- 
parison of  "E.  G."  with  "Miss  Sara  Sampson"  as  a  'burgerliches  Trauerspiel'. 

Kettner,  pp.  178-83,  194-292.  Fischer,  I.  194-261.  Eloesser,  Kap. 
6.  Bulthaupt,  I.  34-53.  Riemer:  Mittheilungen  iiber  Goethe,  II.  663. 
Herder:  Briefe  zur  Beford.  d.  Human.  No.  Z7.  DNL  ed.  5.  i. 
160-65. — For  Richardson  and  Middle-Class  tragedy  cf.  Topic  9  (b). 

19.  LESSING'S  LAST  TEN  YEARS  (1770-1781).— Librarian  at 
Wolfenbiittel.  Eva  Konig.  Controversial  and  Other 
Writings. 

After  the  failure  at  Hamburg.  Lessing's  plans.  The  call  to  Wolfenbiittel. 
Ebert's  negotiations.  Delays.  Departure  from  Hamburg  (April,  1770). 
Lessing  as  Librarian  and  publicist.  The  Braunschweig  Court.  Lessing's 
official  relations.  Treatment  by  the  ducal  house.  His  life  at  Wolfenbiittel, 
Friends  and  associates. — The  Konig  fainny  at  Hamburg.  Lessing's  courtship. 
Correspondence  with  Eva  Konig.  Lessing's  journey  to  Vienna  and  Italy 
(Feb.  1775  -  Feb.  1776).  Negotiations  with  the  Duke.  Results.  Marriage 
(Oct.  8,  1776).  Family  life.  Eva's  death  (Jan.  9,  1778).— In  the  heat  of  con- 
troversy (without  details).  The  sequel.  The  end  (Feb.  15,  1781).  Burial. 
Memorials. 

Briefe,  as  follows:    (1)  To  his  brother,  Karl  Gotthelf.     L-M  18. 

No.  345,  408,  438,  450,  475,  499,  528,  586,  589,  615,  637,  674.  Or  H 
20.  i.  No.  267,  323,  349,  358,  374,  395,  411,  454,  457,  480,  496,  527. 
(2)  To  Ebert:  L-M  17.  No.  243,  247,  249,  254,  255,  259.  H  20.  i. 
No.  180,  183,  185,  190,  191,  194.  (3)  To  Herzog  Karl:  L-M  18. 
No.  348,  599,  609.  H  20.  i.  270,  466,  474.  (4)  To  Eva  Konig: 
L-M  17,  18.  No.  314,  324,  351,  355,  365,  371,  385,  386,  388,  391,  399, 
433,  440,  441,  445,  449,  456,  461,  471,  494,  504.  H  20.  i.  No.  242, 
251,  271,  275,  285,  291,  303,  304,  306,  309,  314,  345,  351,  352,  353,  357, 
360,  363,  371,  391,  398.  (5)  From  Eva  Konig:  L-M  20,  21.  No. 
423,  490,  601,  610,  620,  655.  H  20.  ii.  281,  330,  413,  421,  428,  456.  (6) 
To  Schwan:  L-M  18.  No.  519,  523.  H  20.  i.  No.  405,  408.  (7) 
To  von  Hompesch:  L-M  18.  No.  557,  561.  H  20.  i.  No.  431, 
433.  From  same:  L-M  21.  No.  705.  H  20.  ii.  No.  480.  (8) 
To  Herder:  L-M  18.  No.  629.  H  20.  i.  No.  491.  From  Herder: 
L-M  19.  No.  253,  H  20.  ii.  No.  136.  (9)  To  Eschenburg:  L-M 
18.  No.  415,  584,  585,  587,  538,  591.  H  20.  i.  No.  330,  452,  453, 
455,  456,  458.  (10)  To  Elise  Reimarus,  L-M  18.  No.  610,  621. 
679,  694,  698.  H  20.  i.  No.  475,  483,  530.  543,  548.— Selections 
(4)  and  (5)  can  be  read  more  conveniently  (and  may  be  supple- 
mented with  advantage  by  additional  letters)  in  "Briefwechsel 
,  zwischen  Lessing  und  Eva  Konig,"  2  Bande  (Gotta).  In  this 
edition  the  letters  of  both  are  arranged  in  chronological  order, 
The  numbers  corresponding  to  those  of  L-M  or  H  are  46,  55, 
56,  90,  92,  99,  100,  103,  111,  112,  115,  118,  120,  131,  132,  136,  138, 
139,   142,  148,   149,   150,   154,   165,   176,  180,  187. 

E.    Schmidt,    Drittes    Buch,    II.    und   VII,    Kapitel.     E.    Dorffel: 
"Briefwechsel  zw,  L.  und  E.  K."  (see  above),  Einleitung,  p.  5-24. 


FIRST  SERIES:   LESSING  19 

Sime,  chap.  17,  1<S,  20,  21,  ^2,  30.  Stahr,  8tes  Buch,  Kap.  4;  9tes 
Buch;  lOtes  Buch,  Kap.  1;  13tes  Buch,  Kap.  1;  14tes  Buch,  Kap. 
6.     Danzel  und  Guhrauer,  II.  624-34   (Memorials). 

*20.  THE  REIMARUS  FRAGMENTS  AND  THE  BEGINNING  OF 
THE    CONTROVERSY    (1777).— Lessing's    "Gegensatze." 
"Ueber  den  Beweis  des  Geistes  und  der  Kraft."   "Das  Testa- 
ment Johannis."    "Eine  Duplik." 
E.   Schmidt   (2d  or  3d   ed.),   Band   II.   186-214,   223-246.     Kettner, 
p.  305-320.     Schrempf:     Lessing  als  Philosoph,   p.  126-170.     Sime, 
chap.   24. 

H.  S.  Reiitiarus  and  his  writings.  Elise  Reimarus.  Lessing  in  possession 
q/  the  manuscript.  Circumstances  and  purpose  of  publication.  Conse- 
quences. Content  and  import  of  the  "Fragments".  Lessing's  attitude. 
The   protests   of   Schumann  and   Ress  and   Lessing's   replies. 

The  Fragments  ("Schutzschrift  fur  die  vernunftigen  Verehrer 
Gottes").  David  Friedr.  Strauss:  Reimarus  u.  seine  Schutzschrift. 
Gesammelte  Schr.  (12  Bde.  Bonn,  1877)  5.  229-409. 
i.  Von  Duldungder  Deisten  (1774).  L-M  12.  254-271.  H  15.  83-103. 
ii.  Fragmente  eines  Ungenannten,  1.-5.  (1777).  L-M  12.  303-428. 
H   15.   105-260. 

iii.  Von  dem  Zwecke  Jesu  und  seiner  J  linger.  Noch  ein  Frag- 
ment des  Wolfenbiittel'schen  Ungenannten  (1778).  L-M  13.  217- 
327.     H  15.  285-415. 

The  most  important  are  the  Second  and  the  Fifth  Fragments  (of  the  five 
published  together  in  1777),  dealing  witii  Divine  Revelation  and  wivh 
Accounts  of  the  Resurrection,  respectively.  A  few  pages  of  these  may  be 
read,  to  obtain  an  idea  of  Reimarus's  position  and  his  method  of  treatment. 
EJ.^tensive  reading  in  the  F'ragments  is  not  required  for  an  undergraduate 
report.  The  synopsis  and  comments  in  Erich  Schmidt  will  suffice.  The 
writings  of  Lessing  assigned  below  are  to  be  read  and  critically  analyzed. 

"GEGENSAETZE  ZUM  1.— 5.     FRAGMENT"  (1777). 
L-M   12.  428-450.     H  15.  261-283.     DNL  11.  ii.  295-317.     C  17.  262- 
279. 

Lessing  vs.  Schumann:  "UEBER  DEN  BEWEIS  DES  GEISTES 
UND  DER  KRAFT"  (1777).  "DAS  TESTAMENT  JO- 
HANNIS" (1777). 
L-M  13.  1-17;  16.  401-404.  H  16.  9-22.  DNL  12.  1-15.  C  18.  25-39. 
Lessing  vs.  Ress:  "EINE  DUPLIK"  (1778).  L-M  13.  21-90.  H 
16.  23-91.  DNL  12.  17-89.  C  18.  40-95.  Read  Introduction  and  Sec- 
tion I  (first  3  or  4  pages)  and  'Zehnter  Widerspruch'  to  end  (last 
5  or  6  pages). 

*21.  THE    LESSING-GOEZE   CONTROVERSY.      THE    SEQUEL 

(1778).  —  "Eine      Parabel,"      "Axiomata."        "Anti-Goeze." 

"Nothige    Antwort."      "Die    Religion    Christi."      "Berichti- 

gung  des   Marchens  von  1000  Dukaten." 

E.    Schmidt    (2d   or  3d   ed.),    Band    II.    248-308.      Sime,   chap.    25. 

Stahr,  12tes  Buch,  Kap.  5.     Goezes  Streitschriften  gegen  Lessing 

("Etwas  Vorliiufiges  gegen  Herrn  Hofrath  Lessings   .    .    .  feind- 

selige  Angriffe   usw"   and   "Lessings  Schwachen"),   ed.   by   Erich 


20  PROGRAM    OF    TOPICS 

Schmidt.  Deut.  Literaturdenkmale  des  18.  und  19.  Jahrhunderts, 
No.  43-45.     Dilthey,  p.  85-120, 

Pastor  J.  M.  Goeze  and  Lessing's  previous  relations  with  him.  His 
neglected  request.  Goeze's  protest  against  the  Fragments.  His  attacks  on 
Lessing.  Lessing's  replies.  The  "Anti-Goeze"  pamphlets.  Goeze's  appeal 
to  the  authorities.  Consequences.  Public  interest  in  the  controversy. 
Lessing's   position.      Charges   against    him. 

"EINE  PARABEL.    Nebst  einer  kleinen  Bitte  usw." 
"AXIOMATA  -wenn  es  deren  in  dergleichen  Dingen  giebt." 

L-M  13.  93-137.     H  16.  93-136.     DNL  12.  102-144.     C  18.  96-129. 
"ANTI-GOEZE.    D.   i.   Nothgedrungener   Beitrage   zu   den   Frei- 
•willigen  Beitragen  des  Hrn.    Past.  Goeze  Erster  bis  Elfter. 

L-M    13,   141-213.      H    16.    137-211.      DNL    12.    145-220.      C    18.    130- 

181.     Read   Erster,  Zweiter,   Siebenter,   Neunter,   Elfter. 

"NOETHIGE   ANTWORT  auf  eine  sehr  unnothige   Frage  des 
Herrn  Hauptpastor  Goeze." 

L-M  13.  329-336.     H  16.  213-218.     DNL  12.  221-226.     C  18.  182-186. 
"DIE  RELIGION  CHRISTI"  (unpublished  fragment). 

L-M   16.  518-519.    H  17.  248.    DNL  13.  475-476.     C  18.  284. 
"Noch  nahere  Berichtigung  des  Marchens  von  1000  Dukaten  oder 
Judas  Ischariot  dem  Zweiten"  (1779). 

L-M   13.  379-386.     H   16.  227-232.     DNL  12.  284-289.     C  18.   15-20. 

22.  "NATHAN  DER  WEISE.    Ein  dramatisches  Gedicht."    1779. 

L-M  3.  1-177.  H  3.  73-199.  DNL  3.  i.  1-189.  C  4.  133-295.  Edited, 
with  introduction,  notes  and  appendix,  by  T.  J.  C.  Diekhoff 
(Amer.   Book   Co.). 

General:  E.  Schmidt,  Drittes  Buch,  IV.  Kap.  Stahr,  Dreizehntes 
Buch,  Kap.  2-4.     Sime,  chap.  26. 

(a)  GENESIS.      STRUCTURE    AND    FORM.      HISTORICAL 

BACKGROUND.— Reception.     Stage  Production. 

Inception  of  the  work.  Related  to  "Rettung  des  Cardanus"  (1754)  ?  After 
the  return  from  Italy  (1776).  The  present  occasion.  The  'Entwurf 
(Scenario).  Changes  in  the  completed  work.  'Ankiindigung'  and  unpublished 
'Vorrede'. — The  dramatic  setting  for  the  central  idea.  Motivation  of  the 
action.  Connection  of  the  parable  with  what  precedes  and  follows. — 
Language  and  verse  of  the  poem. — Time  and  place  of  action.  Why  chosen? 
Historical  elements. — Contemporary  criticism.  Stage  production.  Schiller's 
adaptation    (Weimar,    1801). 

Briefe,  H    20.  i.   Register,   p.   858.     'Ankiindigung'   and  'Vorrede': 

L-M    16.      444-445.      H    11.    ii.    781-786.      DNL    3.    i.    p.    xxiv-xxvi. 

C  4.  21-24.     'Entwurf.  L-M  3.  473-494.     H  11.  ii.  787-826.     DNL 

3.   ii.   289-31-0.     C  4.   95-132. 

Kettner,  p.  320-336,  409-417,  Bulthaupt,  I.  83-86.     Braun:     Lessing 

im  Urtheile  usw.  IL    210-14,  246-53,  282-341. 

Schiller's     'Buhnenbearbeitung':      Werke,     DNL    ed.    7.    325-478 

(changes  are  indicated  by  sizes  of  type;  see  note  preceding  text). 

Cf.   A.  Koster:    Schiller  als   Dramaturg,    127-144.    Thomas:    Life 

of   Schiller,   439-440. 

(b)  ORIGIN  AND  VERSIONS   OF  THE  RING  PARABLE.— 

Other  Literary   Sources   and   Influences.     Voltaire.     Swift. 


FIRST   SERIES:   LESSING  21 

Origin  and  earlier  forms  of  the  parable.  The  Spanish  and  the  French 
versions,  and  their  offshoots.  Essential  diflferences  of  principal  versions: 
Boccaccio,  Cesta  Romanorum,  Li  dis  dou  vrai  aniel.  Comparison  with 
Lessing's  parable.— Influence  of  Voltaire's  writings.  His  essays  on  the 
Crusades.  His  dramas:  "Mahomet"  (C1742),  "Les  Guebres"  (1769)  and 
(especially)  "Zaire"'  (1732).  "Traite  sur  la  Tolerance-  <17C5).  chaps 
1-6,   10-15. 

Boccaccio:  "Decameron"  (1353),  First  Day,  Third  Novel.  "Gesta 
Romanorum"  (13th-l4th  cent.),  chap.  9.  "Li  dis  dou  vrai  aniel" 
(c,  1185),  ed.  by  Tobler,  transl.  by  Grober,  in  "Festschrift  fiir  A. 
Tobler,"  1905.  Cf.  Gaston  Paris:  La  Poesie  du  moyen  age,  2. 
serie,  p.  131f.  G.  E.  Lessings  Uebersetzungen  aus  dem  Franzo- 
sischen  Friedrichs  des  Grossen  und  Voltaires,  p.  193-198  (ed.  by 
Erich  Schmidt).  Of  Voltaire's  dramas  only  "Zaire"  need  be 
read;  for  the  influence  of  the  others  see  Kettner  and  Erich 
Schmidt.— Jonathan  (Dean)  Swift:  "The  Tale  of  a  Tub"  (1704). 
Cf.  Hettner,  I.  303-307.  Caro:  Lessing  und  Swift  (cf.  Kuno 
Fischer:  Klcine  Schriften,  Bd.  4.  p.  291ff). — Kettner,  p.  347- 
379.  Fischer:  Lessings  Nathan  der  Weise,  p.  38-74.  W.  H, 
Carruth,  in   M.   L.  A.  Pub,  XVI.   107-116. 

(c)  THE  CHARACTERS  OF  LESSING'S  POEM.— Its  Ethical 
and  Religious  Import. 

Analysis  and  estimate  of  the  characters,  based  upon  their  acts  and  utterances 
and  their  inter-relation.  Relation  of  some  to  historical  or  contemporary  pro- 
totypes. Typical  representatives  of  their  respective  race  or  religion?  Why 
so  chosen  and  delineated? — Ethical  and  religious  teaching,  as  deduced  from 
the  parable  and  the  characters.  Function  and  value  of  the  ring  in  the 
earlier  parables  and  in  Lessing's,  compared.  Significance  of  Lessing's 
additions   to    Boccaccio's   story. 

Kettner,  p.  359-409,  418-461.    Fischer:  Lessings  Nathan,  p.  77-194. 
Griiner  M.  L.  A.  Pub.  VII.  p.  75flF.     Carruth,  see  Topic  22  (b). 
K.  Biedermann,  Bd.  4,  p.  1113-27;  ed.  Walz,  36-49. 

83.  "ERNST     UND     FALK.      Gesprache     fur     Freimaurer."      (1778, 
1780). — Lessing's   Social    and   Political    Philosophy. 
L-M   13.  341-388,   389-411.     H    18.   145-184,   344-351.     DNL  238-283. 
C   19.   138-171. 

Genesis.  Lessing  and  Freemasonry.  His  membership.  'Erster  Entwurf. 
Publication  of  first  three  dialogues;  of  last  two.  Form  and  content. 
Lessing's  theory  of  the  origin  of  Freemasonry.  His  conception  of  its 
function.  Social  and  political  theories.  Relation  of  state  and  people. 
Lessing's  cosmopolitan  ideal.  Its  relation  to  his  ethical  and  religious 
ideals.  Patriotism  vs.  humanity.  Spirit  of  the  times,  as  reflected  by 
Lessing   and    Herder. 

Briefe,  H  20.  i.  Register,  p.  858.  "Gesprach  uber  die  Soldaten  und 
Monche."  L-M  16.  520.  H  18.  366-67.  DNL  13.  288.  C  19.  219. 
"Das  Geheimniss":  L-M  1.  181-82.  H  1.  233-34.  DNL  1.  94-96. 
C   1.   170-71. 

E.  Schmidt,  2d  ed.  II.  429-444;  3d  ed.  II.  421-445.  Danzel  und 
Guhrauer,  II.  488-499.  Hebler:  Lessing-Studien,  p.  165-189.  H. 
Boos:  Geschichte  der  Frciinaurerei,  p.  310-338.  Stahr,  Vier- 
zehntes  Buch,  Kap.  3-5.     Sime,  chap.  28. 


22  PROGRAM    OF    TOPICS 


*24.  THE   EVOLUTION   OF  LESSING'S  RELIGIOUS   IDEALS. 

"DIE  ERZIEHUNG  DES  MENSCHENGESCHLECHTS. 

Herausgegeben  von  G.  E.  Lessing."     1780. 

L-M  13.  415-436.     H  18.  197-218      DNL  12.  345-370.    C  19.  171-189. 

Earljr    ^oiJeivjus    education    and     environment.       Independence     (cf.    letter    to 

father,    May    30,    1749).       Self-examination    (cf.    "Die    Religion'',    see   Topic    7 

(b).      Early    studies    in    theology    and    philosophy    (see    below).      Studies    at 

Breslau.     Attitude  toward  reconcilation  of  philosophy  and   religion    (cf.    letter 

to    brother    Karl,    Feb.   2,    1774).      Relation    to   the    Enlightenment.      Attitude 

toward  Christianity  (cf.  "Nothige  Antwort",  see  Topic  21)  ;  toward  orthodoxy 

(cf.    "Parabel",    see    Topic    21).      Distinction    between    religion    and    theology 

(cf.    "Die    Religion    Christi",    see    Topic    21);    between    faith    and   reason    (cf. 

"Gegensatze''  IT  1  and  2,   see  Topic  20  ;   and  "Axiomata",  No.   X,  last  six  fT*|, 

see  Topic  21).     The  essence  of  true  religion   (cf.  "Das  Testament  Johannis", 

Topic  20,  and  "Nathan  der  Weise",  III.  7  and  IV.  7).— 

Genesis  and  form  of  "Die  Erziehung  des  Menschengeschlechts''.  Question 
of  authorship  ('Thaer-Legende').  Leading  ideas:  Educational  stages  'text- 
books and  teachers',  progressive  revelation;  doctrine  of  immortality; 
hypothesis  of  palingenesis;  metempsychosis;  the  ultimate  goal.  Religious 
and  philosophical    import   of   'Lessing's   Gospel'. 

In  addition  to  "Die  Erziehung"  and  the  writings  referred  to 
above  under  other  topics,  read  the  following  from  Lessing's 
early  studies   (total  reading  in  Lessing,  c.  65  pages,  Cotta) : 

"DIE  RETTUNG  DES  CARDANUS"  (1754). 
L-AI    5.    310-333.      H    14.    25-46.      DNL    6.    337-363.      C    17.    63-81. 
(Read  first  half.) 

UNPUBLISHED  FRAGMENTS: 

"Gedanken  iiber  die   Herrnhuter"    (1750).     Cf.   Lessing's   reviews 
dated  March  23,  March  30,  August  28,  1751.     H  17,     17,  21.  27. 

"Das  Christentum  der  Vernunft"  (1753). 
"Ueber  die  Entstehung  der  geoffenbarten  Religion." 
L-M  14.   154-163,   175-178,   312-313.     H  14.  203-220.     DNL  13.  291- 
307.      C   17.    15-26,    112-113. 

Briefe,  H  20.  i.  Register,  p.  858.  Hebler,  p.  1-115.  Kettner, 
379-82,  395-409.  'E.  Schmidt,  2d  ed.  I.  206-210,  231-32;  II.  462- 
500.  3d  ed.  I.  207-211,  233-34;  II.  463-502.  Schrempf:  Lessing 
als  Philosoph,  p.  19-24,  30-60,  67-71,  120-125,  178-187.  Dilthey, 
p  85-110,  116-120.  E.  Kretschmar:  Lessing  und  die  Aufkliirung 
(including  text  of  "Die  Erziehung").  Fischer:  Lessings  Nathan, 
p.  22-36.  Stahr,  14tes  Buch,  Kap.  1,  2.  Sime,  chap.  27.  Author- 
ship: Gross,  H  18.  187-195.  E.  Krieck:  Lessing  und  die  Erzie- 
hung des  M.  Zugleich  eiue  Auseinandersetzung  der  Thaerlcgende 
(1913),   p.   5-18,  37-40. 

25    LESSING'S  SERVICES  TO  GERMAN  LETTERS.— His  Work 
as  Pioneer  and  Reformer.     Man  and  Author. 

German  literature  before  Lessing.  Imitation  of  foreign  models.  Reasons 
for  dependence.  Gottsched  and  the  Swiss  School.  Lessing's  qualifications, 
personal  and  educational,  as  'Cahnbrecher'  and  'Reformalor'.  His  wo-k  as 
dramatic  critic  (read  Vorrede  of  "Beitrage  zur  Historic  und  Aufnahme  des 
Theaters",  cf.  Topic  5.  "Litteraturbriefe",  Erster,  Siebzehnter,  cf.  Topic 
10.  "Hamburgische  Dramaturgic",  Ankiindigung  and  Stiick  101-104,  cf. 
Topic    17    (a).      His    model    comedy    ("Minna")    and    tragedy     ("Emilia'). 


FIRST   SERIES:    LESSING  23 

The  thesis  of  "I.aokoon"'.  Significance  of  his  "Rettungen".  His  ethical 
and  social  idealism  ("Nathan"  and  "Ernst  und  Falk'').  Polemic  writings 
and  their  victims  (Lange,  Klotz,  Goeze).— The  totality  of  Lessing's  achieve- 
ment. His  work  destructive  and  constructive.  German  literature  at  his 
death  (Herder,  Goethe).  His  relation  to  the  'Sturm  und  Drang'. — 
Man  and  Author.  Personal  traits,  from  works  and  letters  (cf.  letters 
quoted  in  Rolleston  and  the  selections  in  H.  S.  White:  Lessing's  Prosa, 
p.  139-195).  Relations  with  family  and  friends. — The  estimate  of  con- 
temporaries   (Herder,    Goethe)    and    successors    (Schiller,    Heine). 

Rolleston:  Life  of  Lessing.  Gervinus:  Geschichte  der  deutschen 
Dichtung,  Band  IV,  Kap.  X,  1[  8.  Danzel  und  Guhrauer,  I.  278- 
310  (English  influence).  Biedermann,  II.  2.  Theil,  2.  Abth.  p. 
227-241.  Fischer,  I.  1-80,  177-179.  E.  Schmidt,  2d  ed.  II.  618- 
625;  3d  ed.  II.  624-631.  Stahr,  14tes  Buch,  Kap.  7,  Schluss.  Sime, 
chap.  23  (Sturm  und  Drang).  —  Herder's  'Nachruf:  Werke, 
DNL  ed.  3.  ii.  375-395.  Goethe,  letter  to  Frau  von  Stein,  Feb. 
20,  1781;  cf.  also  Topics  14  (b)  and  15  (d).  Schiller:  "Die 
deutsche  Muse"  (Gedicht),  Werke,  Bellermann's  ed.  1.  262. 
"Achilles"  (Xenion),  9.  164.  Heine:  "Romantische  Schule,"  I. 
Werke,  Elster's  ed.  5.  229-230;  Walzel's  ed.  7.  19-21.  "Religion 
und  Philosophie  in  Deutschland,"  II.  Werke,  Elster's  ed.  4. 
240-245;  Walzel's  ed.  7.  284-291.  Braun:  Lessing,  IL  375-97. 
Chr.  Schrempf:  Lessing  (1913),  Kap.  2-8. 


Contents  of  G.  E.  Lessings  Schriften.    6  'I'heile  (in  .?   I'anden).    Berlin. 

Voss.  1753-1755. 
Ersrer  Theil.    1753.    Lieder.    Oden.    (Gereimte)  Fabeln.    Sinngedichte. 

Fragmente. 
Zweiter  Theil.   1753.   (Kritische)   Briefe. 
Dritter  Theil.    1754.    Rettungen:  des  Horaz,  des  Cardanus,  des  Inepti 

Religiosi.  des  Cochlaus. 
\'ierter  Theil.   1754.  Der  junge  Gelehrte.     Die  Juden. 
Fiinfter  Theil.  1755.  Der  Freigeist.    Der  Schatz. 
Sechster  Theil.   1755.  Miss  Sara  Sampson.    Der  Misogyne. 


\ 
24  NOTES  AND  ADDENDA 


NOTES  AND  ADDENDA  25 


26  NOTES  AND  ADDENDA 


27 


Second  Series:    Goethe 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL    NOTE 

References  to   Goethe's  Works  are  to  the  following  editions,  which  ar* 
rited  in  the  order  named  and  by  means  of  the  abbreviations  noted  : 

1.  DjG     Der  junge   Goethe. — Neue  Ausgabe   in   sechs   Banden   besorgt 

\i)n  Max  Morris.  Leipzig,  1909-1912. — Contains  the  early  works 
and  letters  (to  Nov.  1775)  in  chronological  order  and  in  the 
original  form;  also  contemporary  statements  about  Goethe 
(classified  as  "Gesprache').  Valuable  commentary  in  vol.  6. 
(Price  36  Marks.) — References  to  DjG  in  Goethe  criticism, 
unless  otherwise  specified,  are  to  the  earlier  and  less  complete 
edition,  in  3  vols,  by  Salomon  Hirzel. 

2.  W     Weimarer.  —  Goethes    Werke.      Herausgegeben     im     Auftrage 

der  Grossherzogin  Sophie  von  Sachsen.  Weimar,  1887 — . 
In  four  divisions:  I.  Werke  im  engeren  Sinne  (literary 
works),  52  Bande.  II.  Naturwissenschaftliche  Schriften,  13 
Bde.  III.  Tagebucher,  13  Bde.  tV.  Briefe,  50  Bde.  Supple- 
mentary and  index  vols,  in  progress. — References  to  'Werke', 
unless  specified  otherwise,  are  to  this  edition.  Other  'complete' 
editions  contain  only  the  equivalent  of  Abteilung  I  and  por- 
tions of  Abteilung  II.  With  the  exception  of  DjG  they  do  not 
include  letters. 

3.  H     Hempel. — Goethes    Werke.      Herausgeg.    von    Dijntzer,    Loeper. 

Strehlkeu.  a.  36Theile  in  23  Banden.  Berlin  (1868-79).  Cited 
by  'Theil'-number.  H  20-23  contain  Loeper's  edition  of  "Dich- 
tung  und  Wahrheit",  the  best;  sold  separately.  (Price  of  H, 
60  Marks;  second-hand,  c.  25  Marks.) 

4.  J     Jubilaums. —  Goethes    Samtliche    Werke.       Jubilaums-Ausgabe. 

Herausgeg.  von  Eduard  von  der  Hellen  (and  sixteen  collab- 
orators). 40  Bde.  and  Registerband  (valuable).  Stuttgart, 
1902-1907.     (Price,  80  Marks.    Registerband      Marks.) 

5.  DNL     Kiirschner's  Deutsche  National-Litteratur. — Goethes  Werke. 

Herausgeg.  von  Diintzer,  Schroer  u.  a.  40  Bde.  Berlin  und 
Stuttgart    (1882-87).     (Price.   Mk.  3.50  per  vol.;   sold   singly.) 

6.  C     Cotta. — Goethes   Samtliche   Werke.      Herausgegeben   von    Karl 

Goedeke.  36  Bde.  Stuttgart.  Cottasche  Bibliothek  der  Welt- 
literatur.  (Price  1  Mark  per  vol.;  sold  singly.) 
For  Goethe's  early  life  and  works  (Topics  1-12)  DjG  should  be 
used  whenever  cited,  with  commentary  in  vol.  6.  The  standard  edition 
of  Goethe's  complete  works  is  the  Weimar,  which  has  complete  critical 
apparatus  and  is  the  'final  authority'  on  textual  questions,  manuscripts, 
etc.    Introductions  and   notes  relate  onlv  to  these  matters.    This  edition 


28  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTE 

is  less  adapted  to  the  earlier  stages  of  Goethe  study  than  H,  DNL  or  J, 
which  have  excellent  general  introductions  (recommended)  and  some 
notes.  Of  these  J  is  the  most  complete  (containing  all  the  writings  found 
since  1887,  except  "Wilhelm  Meisters  Theatralische  Sendung")  and  the 
best  annotated.  (J  omits,  however,  certain  variant  texts,  such  as  the 
stage-version  of  Gotz"  and  the  earliest,  prose  version  of  "Iphigenie", 
vi^hich  are  contained  in  all  the  other  editions  cited.)  C  has  brief 
introductions,  but  no  notes.  In  certain  instances,  when  the  introduc- 
tion and  commentary  of  DjG,  H,  J,  or  DNL  are  indispensable,  only 
these  editions,  or  some  of  them,  are  cited.  Editions  with  English 
introductions  and  notes  are  mentioned  when  available.  The  best 
'student's  working  library'  of  first-hand  material  would  consist  of 
DjG  and  J,  together  with  Loeper's  ed.  of  "Dichtung  und  Wahrheit" 
(see  H,  above);  and,  in  addition.  Stein's  "Goethe-Briefe"  and  Ecker- 
mann's  "Gesprache  mit  Goethe"  (see  below). 

An  important  edition  for  advanced  study  is  that  published  by 
Goschen.  Goethes  Schriften.  8  Bande.  Leipzig,  1787-1790.  The  first 
authentic  collected  edition;  referred  to  as  'Schriften';  contents,  p.  66. 
Important  for  textual  criticism  is  the  Vollstandige  Ausgabe  letzter 
Hand.  55  Bande  (in  27).  Stuttgart  und  Tubingen,  1828-1833.  The  last 
edition  published  in  Goethe's  lifetime;  completed  after  his  death.  Of 
numerous  recent  editions,  a  good  one  is  that  of  Karl  Heinemann.  30 
Bde.  Bibliographisches  Institut.  Leipzig,  1905-07.  (Price,  Mk.  60.)  The 
best  'Auswahl'  is  that  by  Erich  Schmidt,  6  Bde.  Insel-Verlag.  Leipzig, 
1909.    (Price,  Mk.  8.) 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Complete  bibliography,  to  1912,  of  the  life  and 
works  of  Goethe  in  GOEDEKE'S  "Grundriss  zur  Geschichte  der  deut- 
schen  Dichtung".  Band  IV,  3.  Auflage.  Annual  bibliography,  1880-1913 
in  GOETHE-JAHRBUCH  (abbrev.  G-J),  in  which  the  most  important 
results  of  recent  research  have  been  published.  G-J  replaced  by  "Jahr- 
buch  der  Goethe-Gesellschaft",  herausgeg.  von  H.  G.  Graf.  Weimar, 
1914 — .  (Bibliog.  discontinued.)  Brief  bibliog.  in  Battels'  "Handbuch" 
(1909),  245-87.  Journals  most  often  referred  to  are  "Vierteljahrschrift 
fiir  Litteraturgeschichte"  (1888-93)  and  "Euphorion"  (since  1894). 

SOURCES. — First-hand  information  about  Goethe's  life  and  works 
is  found  in  his  Autobiography,  and  in  his  letters  and  conversations. 
There  is  hardly  a  work  of  Goethe's,  major  or  minor,  about  which  he 
did  not  express  himself  in  these  records.  Such  utterances  are  of  prime 
importance  and  are  to  be  looked  up  whenever  cited,  as  follows:  (a) 
DICHTUNG  UND  WAHRHEIT  (to  Nov.  1775)  :  LOEPER'S  edition, 
indexes  in  H  23,  p.  247-359.  Likewise  matters  of  biography ;  cf.  'Sach- 
register'  and  'Personenregister'.  (b)  BRIEFE. — Most  convenient  selec- 
tion in  STEIN'S  "Goethe-Briefe".  8  Bande.  Berlin,  1902-05.  (Price, 
Mk.  32.)  Each  vol.  contains  classified  indexes,  similar  to  Loeper's 
(Complete  ed.  of  Briefe  in  W  only;  not  yet  indexed).  Excellent  selection 
(not  indexed),  with  notes,  by  E.  von  der  HELLEN.  6  Bde.  (@  1  Mk.) 
Cottasche  Bibliothek  der  Weltliteratur.  Best  brief  selection  (not 
indexed)  by  E.  HARTUNG,  2  vols.   (@  Mk.  1.80)  entitled  "Alles  um 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  29 

Liebe"  and  "Vom  tatigen  Leben".  Miinchen.  'Biicher  der  Rose'  series. 
Hartung's  selections  are  provided  with  notes  and  biographical  sum- 
maries and  are  occasionally  supplemented  by  extracts  from  letters  to 
Goethe  and  other  first-hand  sources.  Recommended  for  general  col- 
lateral reading.  —  Goethe's  letters  to  Frau  von  Stein  and  the  corre- 
spondence of  Goethe  and  Schiller  are  to  be  had  complete  in  the 
Cottasche  Bibliothek  der  Weltlit.,  4  vols,  each  (@  1  Mk.).  —  Selections 
from  the  correspondence  of  Goethe  and  various  persons  by  R.  M. 
MEYER:  "Goethe  und  seine  Freunde  im  Briefwechsel."  3  Bande. 
1909-11.  (c)  TAGEBUECHER.  — W  Abtlg.  Ill  (not  cited  here).  The 
vol.  of  "Annalen"  ("Tages-  und  Jahreshefte")  included  in  Goethe's 
'VVerke'  is  based  upon  the  Tagebiicher  and  Briefe.  (d)  GESPRAECHE. 
—  Complete  edition  by  W.  von  BIEDERMANN.  10  Bde.  2.  Auflage, 
5  Bde.  Leipzig,  1908-09. —J.  P.  ECKERMANN:  "Gesprache  mit 
Goethe"  (1823-1832)  ed.  by  Diintzer  or  Von  der  Linden  (several  other 
eds.).  Many  allusions  to  Goethe's  works,  also  to  persons  and  events 
(see  index). 

SOURCE-BOOK. — The  information  in  the  above  sources  is  col- 
lected in  the  monumental  work  of  H.  G.  GRAEF:  Goethe  iiber  seine 
Dichtungen."  8  Bde.  (in  9).  Frankfurt,  1901-15.  Teil  I.  Epische 
Dichtungen,  1  Bd.  (in  2).  II.  Dramatische  Dichtungen,  4  Bde.  III. 
Die  lyrischen  Dichtungen,  3  Bde.  The  works  in  Teil  I  and  II  are 
arranged  according  to  alphabetical  order  of  titles,  the  poems  (Teil  III) 
in  chronological  order.  —  A  handy,  one-volume  source-book  by  T. 
SCHAUFFLER:  Goethes  Leben,  Leisten  und  Leiden.  Heidelberg, 
1913.  (Price,  Mk.  5.50)  Well  selected  quotations  from  the  sources, 
relating  to  both  life  and  works.     Excellent  for  collateral  reading. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  GENERAL  CRITICISM. —  The  brief  "Life 
of  Goethe"  by  JAMES  SIME  (entire),  or  the  biographical  sketch 
(167  pp.)  in  CALVIN  THOMAS'S  "Goethe",  is  a  part  of  the  reading 
prescribed  for  all  students  in  the  introductory  course  on  Goethe.  The 
best  book  for  a  very  concise  account  of  the  works  (except  those 
published  since  1877),  with  summary  of  contents,  is  KARL  GOE- 
DEKE'S  "Goethes  Leben  und  Schriften"  (Stuttgart,  1877).  An 
excellent  brief  survey  of  Goethe's  development  as  man  and  writer 
(knowledge  of  his  life  and  master-works  assumed)  is  KARL  ALT'S 
"Goethe  und  seine  Zeit"  (Leipzig,  1911).  The  most  satisfactory  critical 
biography  (easy  style),  referred  to  throughout  this  Syllabus,  is 
ALBERT  BIELSCHOWSKY'S  "Goethe.  Sein  Leben  und  seine 
Werke."  2  Bde.  (pp.  532,  737).  Miinchen,  1897,  1904  (Price,  Mk.  14.) 
Translated  by  Wm.  A.  Cooper:  "The  Life  of  Goethe."  3  vols.  New 
York,  1905-08.  (Price,  $10.50.)  An  excellent  illustrated  biography, 
less  conveniently  arranged,  is  that  by  KARL  HEINEMANN: 
"Goethe."  2.  Auflage,  Leipzig,  1899.  Excellent  on  the  critical  side, 
but  less  suited  as  an  introduction,  is  RICHARD  M.  MEYER'S 
"Goethe".  (4te)  Volksausgabe  (p.  580).  Berlin,  1913  (Price,  Mk.  5.50) 
Shorter  biographies  (both  illustrated)  by  LUDWIG  GEIGER: 
"Goethe.     Sein    Leben    und    Schaffen."     Berlin,    1910    (p.    479.     Price 


30  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTE 

Mk.  6;  cheaper  ed.  Mk.  3)  and  GEORG  WITKOWSKI:  "Goethe". 
Leipzig,  Berlin  und  Wien,  1899  (Price,  Mk.  5).  Geiger  is  recommended 
as  concise  and  adequate.  An  important  recent  book  (difficult)  is 
H.  S.  CHAMBERLAIN'S  "Goethe"  (Munchen,  1912),  a  profound 
study  of  the  man  and  the  writer  (acquaintance  with  his  writings 
assumed)  in  each  of  his  many  phases.  C.  SCHREMPP:  "Goethes 
Lebensanschauung"  is  a  careful  and  suggestive  study  of  Goethe's 
intellectual  and  artistic  development,  parallel  with  a  survey  of  his 
life  and  writings.  2  Bde.  (to  Italian  Journey),  Stuttgart,  1905,  1907. 
HERMAN  GRIMM'S  "Goethe",  Vorlesungen  gehalten  an  der  Kgl. 
Universitat  zu  Berlin  (8.  Auflage,  Berlin,  1903)  contains  in  lecture  form 
a  brilliant  (but  unequal)  treatment  of  Goethe's  life  and  master-works. 
Translated  by  Sarah  H.  Adams:  "The  Life  and  Times  of  Goethe." 
Boston,  1888.  The  earlier  standard  biographies  of  H.  Duntzer  and 
H.  Viehoff  have  been  superseded.  The  same  is  true  of  G.  H.  LEWES: 
"The  Life  of  Goethe."  2  vols.  London,  1855  (4th  ed.  1890.  Reprinted 
in  Everyman's  Library),  the  first  biography  in  English  and  long  a 
valued  work  in  the  German  translation  as  well.  Interesting  in  parts, 
but  ill-balanced  and  sometimes  unreliable;  was  never  as  good  as  its 
reputation.  A  good  brief  introduction  (142  pp.)  in  H.  H,  Boyesen's 
"Goethe  and  Schiller".  7th  ed.  New  York,  1894.  In  the  histories  of 
German  literature  the  best  treatment  of  Goethe  is  in  H.  HETTNER'S 
"Literaturgeschichte  des  18ten  Jahrhunderts".  4.  Aufl.  Braunschweig, 
1894. 

CONTEMPORARY  CRITICISM,  1773-1812.  —  J.  W.  BRAUN: 
"Goethe  im  Urtheile  seiner  Zeitgenossen."  3  Bde.  —  Reviews  of  con- 
temporary critics  arranged  in  chronological  order.  To  be  consulted 
for  all  topics  dealing  with  the  reception  of  Goethe's  works. 

SPECIAL  PERIODS  AND  PHASES.  — A  valuable  treatise  on 
Goethe's  earliest  writings  (through  Gotz  von  Berlichingen")  by  R. 
WEISSENFELS:  "Goethe  im  Sturm  und  Drang."  Band  I  (no  more 
appeared).  Halle,  1894.  An  interesting  concise  survey  of  Goethe's 
whole  Storm  and  Stress  period  by  C.  WEITBRECHT:  "Diesseits 
von  Weimar."  Stuttgart,  1895.  A  valuable  introduction  to  this  period 
by  MAX  MORRIS  in  DjG  1.  p.  iv-xlviii. — Good  essays  on  Goethe's 
personal  and  official  relations  in  Weimar  by  ADOLF  SCHOELL: 
"Goethe  in  Hauptziigen  seines  Lebens  und  Wirkens."  Berlin,  1882. 
Best  treatment  of  Goethe's  intellectual  activities  in  his  later  years 
(1805-32)  by  OTTO  HARNACK:  "Goethe  in  der  Epoche  seiner 
Vollendung."  3.  Aufl.  Leipzig,  1905.  L.  GEIGER'S  "Goethe  und  die 
Seinen"  (Leipzig,  1908)  is  an  interesting  account  of  Goethe's  wife  and 
descendants  and  his  private  life  in  the  later  years.  A  valuable  study 
of  the  man  and  author  in  VIKTOR  HEHN'S  "Gedanken  iiber  Goetlie" 
(esp.  Chap.  II).  Of  collected  studies  on  special  topics  those  most 
often  cited  here  are  ERICH  SCHMIDT'S  "Charakteristiken"  (includ- 
ing other  writers)  and  MAX  MORRIS'S  "Goethe-Studien".  Special 
works  are  cited  under  the  several  biographical  and  critical  topics. 


8t 


Program  of  Topics 

NOTE. — For  explanation  of  the  asterisk  (*),  of  topic-divisions,  bibli- 
ographical references,  etc.,  see  Note,  page  7.  For  abbreviations,  see 
page  2.  Read  carefully  the  Instructions,  page  3,  and  the  Bibliographical 
Note,  page  27,  before  beginning  work. 

1.    GOETHE'S  BOYHOOD  (Aug.  28,  1749,-Sept.  1765).— Significant 
Influences,  Traits  and  Incidents. 
General,   Topic    (a)    or   (b):    Bielschowsky,   Band    I,   Kapitel    1-3. 
Geiger,  Kapitel  1.    Heinemann,  Erstes  Buch,  Kapitel  1. 

(a)  THE    FIRST    TWELVE    YEARS     (1749-61).     DICHTUNG 

UND    WAHRHEIT,    Buch    1-3    (except   "Der   neue   Paris". 

in  Book  2). 
W  26.    1-77,  99-177.    H  20.    3-46,  60-105.    J  22.    3  56,  74-132.    DNL 
17.    1-67,  85-143.   C  20.  9-48,  62-105. 

Goethe's  Autobiography:  character  and  scope,  date  of  writing,  sources  (esp.  of 
Part  I.  cf.  Geiqer,  Kap.  20.  p.issim). — Early  childhodt.  Home  and  parents. 
Their  respective  character  and  influence.  Father's  earlier  life.  Grandparents. 
Goethe  and  Textor  families. — City  of  Frankfurt  a/l\I.  The  boy's  impressions. 
Early  instruction  (cf.  'Labores  juveniles',  Max  Morris:  Der  juiige  Goethe 
(abbr.  DjG)  1.  3-76)  and  reading.  Amusements  and  playfellows.  The  'Puppeii- 
spiel*.  —  Beginning  of  Seven  Years'  War.  Effects  and  impressions.  French 
occupation  of  Frankfurt.  The  French  Theater.  Derones.  Count  Thoranc  in 
the  Goethe  house.  His  character  and  tastes.  His  pictures.  A  battle  and  tlie 
consequences.     Herr  Goethe's   narrow  escape.    The   Count's  departure    (1761?). 

Otto  Heuer:  Goethe's  Vater.  Jahrbuch  des  Freien  Deutschen  Hoch 
stifts.  1910.  p.  293-318.  Erich  Schmidt:  Charakteristiken,  I.  249-71 
("Frau  Rath").  Karl  Heinemann:  Goethes  Mutter  (4.  Aufl.  Leipzig, 
1893)  p.  3-45,  passim.  Goethe:  "Vom  Vater  hab'  ich  die  Statur  usvv." 
H  2.  396.  J  4.  98.  Goebel,  141.  H.  S.  Chamberlain:  Goethe,  19-27. 
M.  Schubart:    Goethes  Konigslieutenant  (Miinchen,  1896),  p.  1-43. 

(b)  THE  LAST  FOUR   YEARS    (1761-65).      DICHTUNG   UND 

WAHRHEIT,  Buch  4   (in  part),  5,  6  (in  part). 
W   26.     180-97,   221-39,   261-342;   27.    3-40.     H   20.     107-16,    130  40, 
153-200;  21.    5-25.    J  22.    132-45  164-77,  192-256;  23.   3-30.    DNL  17. 
144-56,  172-87,  203-64;   18.    1-31.    C  20.    105-15,  129-39,  150-218. 

.After  tlie  departure  of  Thoranc.  Private  lessons.  English  and  Hebrew.  Accoih- 
plishments.  Exploration  of  the  'Judenga.=se'.  Bible  studies.  I-'arliest  poeuis. — 
New  friends.  Goethe  as  'Gelegenheitsdichter'.  Goethe  and  Gretchen.  Prepara- 
tion for  coronation  ceremonies.  Coronation  Day. — The  sequel  of  Goel  lie's 
escapade.  Studies  and  meditations. —  Cornelia's  character  and  influence. — Goethe 
a  candidate  for  the  'Philandria'. — Significant  characteristics  of  the  l)oy.  His 
mother's  recollections. 


32  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

Briefe. — Max  Morris:  Der  junge  Goethe  (abbrev.  DjG)  1.  77-95 
(cf.  6.  4-16).  Stein:  Goethe-Briefe,  Band  1.  No.  1,  2.  Von  der 
Hellen,  1.  No.  1,  2.  G.  Witkowski:  Cornelia,  die  Schwester  Goethes 
(^Frankfurt  a/M,  1903),  p.  1-62.  Scherer:  Gretchen.  Zeits.  fiir  deut. 
Altertum,  24.    231f  (cf.  Doll,  188f).    Schauffler,  36-54. 

2.  THREE    YEARS    IN    LEIPZIG    (Sept.    1765-Aug.    1768).      THE 

SEQUEL    (Sept.    1768-March   1770).      Student,    Lover   and 
Poet.     Letters.     "Annette."     "Neue  Lieder." 

DICHTUNG  UND  WAHRHEIT,  Buch  6  (in  part),  7,  8. 
W  27.   40-222.    H  21.    25-128.   J  23.    30-167.    DNL  18.   31-190.    C  20. 
218-320.     (The  discussion   of  contemporary  writers,   except  Lessing, 
Wieland,  Klopstock  and  Gottsched,  may  be  omitted.) 

Journey  to  Leipzig.  First  impressions  of  city  and  university.  Teachers  and 
friends.  Contemporary  German  literature.  Frederick's  influence.  L«ssing. — 
Goethe  and  Kathchen  Schonkopf.  His  writings  at  Leipzig.  Beginning  of  his 
'confessions'. — Character  and  influence  of  Belnisch.  Odes  to  Behrisch.  The 
manuscript  of  "Annette".  Typical  poems  of  the  collection  (cf.  Topic  3).  — 
Art  studies  with  Oeser.  Their  significance.  "Laokoon."  Visit  to  Dresden. — 
Breitkopf  and  the  "Leipziger  Liederbuch".  Some  of  the  songs  (cf.  Topic  3). 
— Illness.  Return  home.  The  next  18  months.  Slow  recovery.  Studies  in 
magic.    Religious  influences  and  interests.    Fraulein  von  Klettenberg.    His  'credo'. 

Briefe  (one  of  the  following  four)  :  Morris,  DjG  1.  p.  99-209  and 
297-345,  passim.  No.  5,  7,  9,  13,  14,  (May  11,  14),  17,  18,  22  (last 
page),  23,  24,  '26,  28,  29  (last  2  pp.),  30  (16.  Oct.),  34,  41-48,  57, 
59,  61.  Stein,  1.  No.  3-6,  12-17,  19-20a,  24,  29,  30.  Von  der  Hellen. 
1.  No.  4-6,  9.  10,  13,  14  (last  page),  15,  16,  18-20,  22,  24.  "Alles  urn 
Liebe",  p.  6-52,  60-62.— 'Gesprache',  DjG  1.  p.  286-94,  436-40.— "Drei 
Oden  an  meinen  Freund"  (Behrisch)  :  DjG  1.  238-42.  H  3.  31-34. 
J  3.    52-56.    C  1.    242.    (Read  2d  and  3d  Odes.^ 

Eielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  4,  5,  7.  Geiger,  Kap.  2.  Heinemann,  p.  56-101. 
J.  Vogel:  Goethes  Leipziger  Studentenjahre.  Weissenfels,  40-61, 
77-102.    Schauffler,  54-67,  72-80. 

3.  POEMS  AND  PLAYS  OF  THE  LEIPZIG  PERIOD. 

Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  6.  Geiger,  Kap.  2,  passim.  Loeper's  ed.  of 
■"Dichtung  und  Wahrheit",  H  23.  Register,  p.  254,  255,  sub  tit. 
Weissenfels:  G.  im  Sturm  und  Drang,  58-90.  Schauffler,  67-72. 
"ANNETTE".  DjG  1.  212-37.  W  37.  11-48.  J  3.  182-207.  Read 
No.  1,  2,  5,  6,  10.— A.  Leitzmann:  Euphorion,  Band  4.  794-804. 
O.  Pniower:  Dichtungen  und  Dichter,  p.  11-21. 
"NEUE  LIEDER"— DjG  1.  348-63.  J  3.  208-19.  C  36.  5-18.  Read 
No.  1,  4,  8,  13,  19,  20. — Weissenfels:  Goethe  im  Sturm  und  Drang, 
p.  63-77.    A.  Strack:  Goethes  Leipziger  Liederbuch  (Giessen,  1893). 

"DIE  LAUNE  DES  VERLIEBTEN"  (176S).  DjG  1.  254-85.  W  9. 
1-36.  H.  8.  11-30.  J  7.  1-32.  DNL  6.  1-30.  C  6.  11-37.— H.  G. 
Graf:  Goethe  uber  seine  Dichtungen,  II.  Theil,  3.  Band,  p.  291-308. 
H.  Roetteken:  Vierteljahrschrift  fiir  Literaturgeschichte,  3.  184-86. 
Weissenfels,  61-63. 


SECOND  SERIES:  jGOETHE  «3 

"DIE  MITSCHULDIGEN."  (A)  1769:  DjG  1.  365-435;  cf.  6. 
74-77.  C  14.  107-60.  (B)  1790:  W  9.  39-115.  H  8.  39-78.  J  7. 
33-96.  DNL  6.  31-112.  C  6.  38-93.  (C)  Earliest  form  (P1768-69). 
DjG  6.  81-128.  (Base  study  mainly  on  (B);  compare  briefly 
with  (A)  and  (C).— Graf,  II.  3.  492-512. —Weissenfels,  107-19, 
448-55.   A.  Doll:  Goethes  Mitschuldigen,  135-271. 

GOETHE  IN  STRASSBURG  (April  1770-Aug.  1771).— HERDER. 
— The  Change  in  Goethe's  Ideals  of  Life  and  Art.  'Sturm 
und   Drang.'— What  followed   (Sept.  1771-May  1772). 

DICHTUNG  UND  WAHRHEIT,  Buch  9,  10  und  11  (except  the 

parts   dealing  with  Friederike,  cf.  Topic  5),   12   (to  departure  for 

Wetzlar). 

W  27.  223-346;  28.  39-87.  H  21.  129-198;  22.  25-74.  J  23.  167-259; 

24.    29-93.    DNL  18.   191-289;  19.  29-77.   C  20.    320-388;  21.    25-72. 

Reasons  for  going  to  Strassburg.  First  impressions.  The  Cathedral.  Friends 
and  associates.  Studies.  Influence  of  the  new  environment.  Self-discipline. — 
Meeting  and  intercourse  with  Herder.  His  character  and  personality;  his  pre- 
vious career  and  achievements.  Herder's  influence,  personal  and  literary.  Its 
effect  on  Goethe  as  man  and  poet.  Their  studies  in  Hebrew  poetry,  Homer, 
Pindar,  English  writers,  the  'Volkslied'. — Attitude  of  the  Strassburg  circle 
toward  the  French  language  and  literature.  How  explained?  The  'Literary 
Revolution  ('Sturm  und  Drang').  Shakespeare  worship.  How  explained? — 
Significance  for  Goethe  of  the  Strassburg  period.  New  ideals.  How  indicated? 
Importance  of  his  love  affair  (not  to.  be  treated  in  detail,  cf.  Topic  5). — 
Graduation.  Return  to  Frankfurt.  The  'Shakespeare  Rede'.  The  winter  of 
1771-72.  Literary  work  and  plans  (without  details).  Significance.  "Goethe 
zum  National-Dichter  geworden." 

Briefe  (one  of  the  following  four):  DjG  2.  p.  3-24,  107-22,  passim. 
No.  62,  67,  70,  71,  75,  83,  84,  86-89,  92.  Stein,  1.  No.  45,  46,  49-52, 
54,  55.  Von  der  Hellen,  1.  No.  38,  41-43,  51-54,  56.  "AUes  urn 
Liebe,"  p.  64,  69-72,  82-86.— Gedichte:  "Mayfest,"  "Heidenroslein." 
W  1.  16,  72.  H  1.  16,  47.  J  1.  12,  46.  DNL  1.  11,  49.  CI.  22,  57. 
Goebel,  p.  13,  20.  DjG  2.  60-62.  Volkslieder:  DjG  2.  62-83. 
Gesprache:  DjG  2.  p.  98f,  284f.  No.  16-19,  21-25,  31,  32,  36,  38,  44. 
Bielschowsky,  L  Kap.  8,  9,  11,  12.  Weissenfels,  121-26,  136-245 
passim.  Grimm,  3.  Vorlesung;  5.  Vorlesung,  passim.  Schmidt: 
Charakt.  2.  Reihe,  130-44.  Herder: — Introd.  Sime:  Encyclop.  Brit. 
Herder  and  Goethe:  Hettner,  III.  III.  1.  107-117.  G.  Jacoby: 
Herder  als  Faust,  10-43.  Nevinson,  154-70.  Kiihnemann:  H'erder, 
1.  Buch  (last  25  pp.).    Weissenfels,  140-62.    Schauffler,  81f. 

THE   SESENHEIM   IDYL   (Oct.   1770-Aug.   1771).— Goethe  and 
Friederike    Brion.     The    'Sesenheimer  Lieder'    and    other 
Lyrics  of  1770-71. 
DICHTUNG  UND  WAHRHEIT,  Buch   10-12  (passim). 

W  27.   346-74;  28.   5-39,  80-84,  118-20.    H  21.    198-215;  22.    5-25, 
49-51,  70-72.  J  23.  259-80;  24.  3-29,  61-64,  88-90.  DNL  18.  289-312; 
19.  3-29,  66-74,  105-07.  C  20.  388-404;  21.  5-24,  48-51,  68-70. 
Briefe   (one  of  the  following  three):    DjG  2.   p.  14f.    No.  70-73, 
76-80,  85.   Von  der  Hellen,  1 .  No.  42,  43,  45-49.   "AUes  um  Liebe," 


34  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

p.  70-72,  74-80.    In  addition:  "Alles  um  Liebe,"  p.  233,  or  Stein,  2. 

No.  297  (to  Frau  von  Stein,  Sept.  28,  1779,  begin,  "d.  25.  Abends 
ritt  ich").— Gesprache,  DjG  2.  p.  100  (No.  20).   Schauffler,  89f. 

GEDICHTE.— 'Sesenheimer  Lieder*.  DjG  2.  56-60,  123;  also  in 
Briefe  No.  72,  72>,  p.  17-18;  cf.  Notes,  6.  155-64.  J  1.  44-46;  3. 
62-66  (No.  15-21).  Eugen  Wolff:  Der  junge  Goethe,  p.  83-91, 
108-09  (No.  77-82,  85-86,  88),  commentary,  p.  390-451.  Bielschowsky: 
Friederike  und  Lili,  p.  96-104.  (No.  4,  5,  written  by  Lenz).  Other 
poems:  "Mayfest,"  "Heidenroslein,"  "Ob  ich  dich  liebe,"  "Ach  wie 
sehn'  ich  mich."  DjG  2.  60-62,  123.  J  1.  12,  48;  3.  315.  E.  Wolff 
(ibid.),  p.  81,  87-89.   Schroeder:  Die  Seseah.  L'der.   Maurer:  ditto. 

The  Sesenheim  story,  as  told  by  Goethe  in  D  u  W.  Facts  confirmed  by  letters. 
Artistic  treatment.  The  Sesenheim  household  and  its  prototype.  The  portrait 
of  Friederike.  Chronology  of  Goethe's  visits  and  of  other  incidents.  The  final 
parting.  Explanations  of  Goethe's  conduct;  their  basis.  "Die  neue  Melusine." 
The  letters  to  Salzmann.  Effect  on  Goethe.  His  'confessions'. — The  'Sesen- 
heimer Lieder':  Discovery  and  content  of  the  collection.  Themes  and  import. 
Questions  of  origin  and  authenticity;  of  chronology. — Related  poems:  "May- 
fest," "Heidenroslein"  etc. — Goethe's  visit,  Sept.  1779.  His  account  to  Frau 
von  Stein  (see  above).  Friederike  in  after  life  (brief  sketch,  cf.  Topic  .Sa) ; 
died  1813.    Publication  of  Parts  II  and  III  of  D  u  W.   (1811,   1812). 

Adolf  Metz:  Friederike  Brion  (Munchen,  1911),  p.  1-97,  121-26. 
Bielschowsky:  Friederike  und  Lili,  p.  21-62.  Lieder,  65-96.  P.  F. 
Lucius:  Friederike  Brion.  Max  Morris:  Goethe-Studien,  H. 
90-95.  Grimm,  4.  Vorlesung.'  E.  Schmidt:  Charakteristiken,  L  272- 
85.  Weissenfels,  126-36.  Lieder,  136-40.  'Anmerkungen',  No. 
46-51,  p.  455-61. 

*(a)  FRIEDERIKE  AFTER  1771.  — Lenz,  Goethe's  friend  and 
would-be  successor.  The  later  attack  on  Friederike's  char- 
acter and  the  refutation. 
In  addition  to  D  u  W,  Briefe  and  Gedichte,  as  above,  and  pp.  1-97 
of  Metz,  the  following:  Metz:  98-126.  J.  M.  R.  Lenz:  "Die  Liebe 
auf  dem  Lande"  (poem),  DNL  vol.  80  ('Sturmer  und  Dranger', 
vol.  2)  231-34.  J.  Froitzheim:  Friederike  von  Sesenheim.  Gotha, 
1893  (the  attack).  H.  Duntzer:  Friederike  von  Sesenheim  im 
Lichte  der  Wahrheit  (Stuttgart,  1893),  1-19,  123-52.    Metz,  127-213. 

*6.  ORIGINS  AND  CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE  STORM  AND 
STRESS. — Rousseau,  Hamann,  Herder. 
General  Introduction. — Hettner,  III.  III.  1.  p.  1-20.  A.  Sauer: 
'Stiirtner  und  Dranger',  Einleitung.  DNL  vol.  79,  p.  1-56.  Biel- 
schowsky, I.  Kap.  9.  Walzel:  Das  Prometheussymbol,  p.  5-36. 
Kronenberg,  I.  406-428. 

*(a)  ROUSSEAU    (1712-1778).  —  His   Character   and   Career.      The 

'First   Discourse.'    Political  and  Social   philosophy:    "The 

Origins  of  Inequality."   "The  Social  Contract."   Nature  vs. 

convention:   "The  New  Eloisa." 

Rousseau:  "Discours  sur  les  Sciences  et  les  Arts"  (1750).    English 

trans),  in  Everyman's  Library,  No.  660,  p.  125-154.    "Discours  sur 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  35 

I'Origine  de  I'lnegalite"  (1755).  English,  ibid.  p.  157-246.  "Du 
Contrat  Social"  (1762),  Book  1.  English,  ibid.  p.  b-22.  German 
transl.  of  last  two  in  Cotta'sche  Bibliothek  der  Weltliteratur. 
Rousseaus  ausgewahlte  Werke.  Band  6.  "Julie,  ou  la  nouvelle 
Heloise"  (1761),  thru  Part  III.   Letter  18. 

Fncyclopedia  Brit,  (biogr.  sketch).  Hettner,  II.  438-95.  E. 
Schmidt:  Richardson,  Rousseau  und  Goethe,  p.  83-133.  G.  E. 
Lessing:  Review  of  the  'First  Discourse',  cf.  Syllabus,  First  Series, 
Topic  5.    J.  Morley:    Rousseau,  I.  chap.  5;  II.  chap.  1,  3. 

*(b)  HAMANN  (1730-1788)  and  HERDER  (1744-1803). 

Hamann.— Goethe,  Dichtung  und  Wahrheit.  W  28.  105-11.  H  22. 
63-66.  J  24.  79-83.  DNL  19.  95-99.  C  21.  61-64.  Hettner,  III. 
III.  1.  p.  271-78.  J.  Minor:  Hamann  in  seiner  Bedeutung  fiir  die 
Sturm  und  Drang  Periode  (Frankfurt,  1881).  E.  Kiihne:  Job. 
Georg  Hamann,  der  Magus  im  Norden.  Unger,  I.  275-305. 
Herder:  "Fragmente  iiber  die  neuere  deutsche  Litteratur."  2. 
Sammlung,  I.  DNL  ed.  of  Herders  Werke,  Band  3.  i.  p.  214-27C. 
"Shakespeare."  DNL  3.  ii.  p.  229-51.  Nevinson,  1-74,  103-70. 
Bielschowsky:  Goethe,  I.  Kap.  9.  Hettner,  III.  III.  1.  p.  23-42. 
R.  Haym:  Herder,  I.  p.  313-354.  E.  Kuhnemann:  Herder.  Erstes 
Buch.    Andress:  Herder,  chap.    1-8,  16,    17,  20.    Gundolf,  185-222. 

7."GOETZ    VON   BERLICHINGEN"    (A    1771,   B   1773). 

A  (the  Urgotz):  "Geschichte  Gottfriedens  von  Berlichingen  mit 
der  eisernen  Hand  dramatisiert"  (first  published  1832).  DjG  2. 
141-265  (cf.  6.  193-211).  W  39.  1-186.  H  11.  ii.  13-130.  J  10. 
127-252.     DNL  8.     1-106.     C   13.     12-118. 

B  (the  Revision,  pub.  1773):  "Gotz  von  Berlichingen.  Ein  Schau- 
spiel."  DjG  3.  172-382  (cf.  6.  302-08).  W  8.  1-169.  H  6.  15-112. 
J  10.  1-126.  DNL  8.  104-233.  C  9.  13-110.  Edited,  with  (Eng.) 
introd.  and  notes,  by  Goodrich  (Holt)  and  by  Hildner  (Ginn). 
General. — Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  14.  Geiger,  61-68.  Grimm,  6.  Vor- 
lesung.  Heinemann,  171-82.  Weitbrecht:  Diesseits  von  Weimar, 
Kap.  3. 

(a)  GENESIS.  THE  "GOETZ"  OF  1771  AND  1773  COM- 
PARED.—Reception  of  the  Work. 
J.  Baechtold:  Goetlies  "Gotz  von  Berlichingen"  in  dreifacher 
Gestalt  (Freiburg,  1888).  Text  of  A,  B  and  C  (stage-version, 
1804)  in  parallel  columns.  For  other  editions  see  above;  in  one 
vol.  J  10,  DNL  8. 

Tlie  first  writing.  The  author's  mood.  Shakesoeare  enthusiasm.  Historical  back- 
ground of  Goethe's  play.  Significance  of  Gotz  von  Berlichingen's  epoch  and  of 
Goethe's  interest  in  it.  The  import  of  Gotz's  struggle  and  end. — The  Weis- 
linRen  drama.  Goethe's  'confession'. —  Herder's  criticism  of  the  first  draft.  The 
revision.  Changes  in  characters  and  motivation;  in  language  and  form  (com- 
pare esp.  Act  V  in  A  and  B).  Additions  and  omissions.  Gains  and  losses  of 
the  revision. — Publication.  Stage  production.  Contemporary  criticism  (esp.  I.es- 
•ing  and  Wieland)  and  influence. 


W  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

Goethe:  Dichtung  und  Wahrheit,  in  Book  13:  W  28.  197-206.  H 
22.  116-21.  J  24.  148-55.  DNL  19.  177-85.  C21.  113-18.  Cf.  also 
Register,  H  23.  254.  Briefer  cf.  DjG,  Register,  6.  593.  Stein,  1. 
295.  Eckermann:  Gesprache  mit  Goethe.  Register,  Band  3.  All 
of  foregoing  collected  in  Graf:  Goethe  iiber  seine  Dichtungen, 
II.  3.  p.  20-123.    Schauffler,  120-28. 

Weissenfels,  246-89,  333-39,  362-402.  Minor  und  Sauer:  Studien 
zur  Goethe-Philologie,  117-87.  Bulthaupt,  3.  89-107.— Contemp. 
crit.  in  Braun:  Goethe  im  Urtheile  usw.  I.  4-23,  32-45,  412-17. 
Lessing:  Briefe,  Hempel  ed.  Bd.  20.  i.  p.  580,  589. 

(b)  THE  CHARACTERS.     STORM   AND   STRESS.     SHAKE- 

SPEARE. 

Genesis  and  significance  of  the  characters.  Individualization.  Means  of  por- 
trayal. The  use  of  contrast  in  persons  and  environment. — ^Typical  Storm  and 
Stress  tendencies  (individualism,  independence,  nationalism,  nature  vs.  con- 
vention, action,  feeling,  etc.):  how  extrnplified? — Literary  influences  on 
plot  and  characters,  particularly  of  Shakespeare  (Antony  and  Cleopatra,  Mac- 
beth, Hamlet  etc.).  Goethe's  tribute  to  Shakespeare's  genius.  Why  the  idol  of 
the  Storm  and  Stress?    Effect  on  language  and  technic. 

Goethe:  Dichtung  und  Wahrheit,  in  Book  11:  W  28.  71-78.  H  22. 
44-48.  J  24.  54-60.  DNL  19.  58-65.  C  21.  43-47.  Briefe:  DjG  2. 
p.  111.  Stein,  1.  p.  157.  Von  der  Hellen,  1.  p.  106.  "Zum  Schake- 
spears  Tag"  (Shakespeare  Rede,  1771).  DjG  2.  137-40:  cf.  6.  191. 
W  37.  127-35.  H  29.  101-105.  J  36.  3-7.  DNL  26.  9-25.  C  27. 
268f.    Schauffler,  100-02,   107-11. 

Weissenfels,  289-372.  Minor  und  Sauer,  237-84.  Schrempf,  1. 
146-54,  A.  Stahr:  Goethes  Frauengestalten,  I.  41-56.  J.  A.  Walz, 
Modern  Philology  3.  493-504.    Gundolf,  223-51. 

(c)  THE    LIFE    AND    TIMES    OF    GOETZ   VON    BERLICH- 

INGEN  (1480-1562).— His  Autobiography  and  Goethe's  Use 
of  it. — Germany  under  Maximilian  I.  The  Passing  of  the 
Free  Knights. 
"Lebens-Beschreibung  des  Herrn  Gozens  von  Berlichingen." 
Nurnberg,  1731.  Reprinted  in  'Quellenschriften',  No.  2  (Halle, 
1886) ;  modernized  German  version  by  Miiller  (Reclam  Universal- 
Bibliothek,  No.  1556). 

Weissenfels,  258-89.  Freytag:  Bilder,  2.  Band,  1.  Theil,  p.  410-44; 
2.  Theil,  p.  247-57.  Sach,  II.  38-61,  103-29.  H.  Ulmann:  Kaiser 
Maximilian  I.  (2  Bde.  Stuttgart,  1885-91),  II.  589-626.  Henderson, 
I.  228-50.    Ranke:  History  of  the  Reformation,  I.  222-42. 

*(d)  "GOETZ  VON  BERLICHINGEN"  ON  THE  STAGE.— 
The  Version  of  1804  (C),  compared  with  the  'Urgotz'  (A) 
and  the  'Schauspiel'  (B),  Its  defects.  Later  influence  of 
Goethe's  play  on  the  German  drama. 

Text  of  C:  W   13.    165-360.    H   11.  ii.  263-343.    DNL  8.   238-342. 

C    14.    5-106.    Most    convenient    edition    is   Bachtold's,   see  under 

Tgpic   (a). 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  37 

J.  S.  Nollen:  Goethes  Gotz  von  Berlichingen  auf  der  Biihne. 
Winter  und  Kilian:  Zur  Buluiengeschichte  des  GvB.  O.  Brahm, 
Gocthe-Jahrbuch,  2.  190f.  R.  M.  Werner,  ibid.  2.  87f.  Weissen- 
fels,  3o2-72,  4U2-407.    Schauffler,  128-30. 

8.  "DIE  LEIDEN  DES  JUNGEN  WERTHERS"  (WERTHERS 
LEIDEN).  A,  1774.  B,  1787. 
A  (the  'Urwerther') :  Facsimile  reprint.  Insel-Verlag,  Leipzig, 
1907.  DjG  4.  220-329,  cf.  6.  410-19.— B  (the  Revision,  pub.  1787): 
W  19.  1-91.  H  14.  13-128.  J  16.  1-145.  DNL  13.  1-134.  C  15. 
13-120.  Edited  with  (Eng.)  notes  and  critical  essay,  by  E.  Feise 
(Oxford   Press). 

General. — Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  15.  Meyer,  Kap.  8.  Weitbrecht: 
Diesseits   von   Weimar,   Kap.   5. 

(a)  GENESIS     AND    SOURCES.  — 'Erlebtes'    and    'Erdichtetes.' 

Use  and  modification  of  real  persons  and  incidents.     Form 
and  Technic.     (Read  Text  B) 

Goethe's  summer  at  Wetzlar  (May-Scpt.  1772).  The  town  and  its  environs. 
The  impt'iial  comts.  Friends  and  associates.  Their  impressions  of  Goethe.  Lotte 
Buff  and  Kestner.  Their  relations  with  Goethe.  His  departure  (Sept.  11). — 
Tlie  narrative  of  Book  1  compared  with  authentic  records.  Discrepancies  be- 
tween the  account  in  D  u  W  and  contemporary  evidence.  Goethe's  journey. 
Rtturn  home. — The  news  of  Jerusalem's  death  (Oct.  30,  1772)  and  its  effect 
on  Goetlie.  J.'s  character  and  career.  Causes  of  liis  unhappiness. — Goethe  in 
the  year  1773.  Doing=  and  plans.  The  marriage  of  Ma.xe  LaRoclie  (.Tan.  1774). 
Composition  of  "Werthir"  begun.  The  break  with  Brenlano;  its  effect  on  the 
story.  "Werther"  completed  (May)  and  published  (Sept.  1774). — Sources  of 
Book  2.  Identification  of  Werther  with  Jerusalem.  Kestner's  account  of  his 
death.  Mffect  of  (loethe's  recent  experiences  on  the  other  characters.  How  the 
Kestners  received  "Werther". 

Dichtung  und  Wahrheit.  W  28.  132-40,  149-58,  170-72,  206-37. 
II  22.  79-83,  89-94.  100-102,  121-38.  J  24.  100-105,  113-19,  128-31, 
155-77.  DNL  19.  116-22,  131-42,  153-56,  185-211.  C21.  77-81,87-92, 
98-100,  119-35. 

Briefe. — A.  Kestner:  Goethe  und  Werther  (Stuttgart,  1854;  3.  AuH. 
Alit  ein.  .\nhang.— Cf.  No.  vi-xi),  No.  1-12,  18,  19,  24,  28-30,  59-62, 
104-110.  Eckermann:  Gesprache  mit  Goethe.  Register,  Band  3. 
All  ni  the  foregoing  collected  in  Graf:  Goethe  iiber  seine  Dich- 
tini;;en,  1.  2.  493-695.  J.  W.  Appell:  Werther  und  seine  Zeit  (4. 
.Aiiflagc  Oldenburg,  1896),  85-102.  Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  13. 
H.  Gloel:  Goethes  Wetzlarer  Zeit  (Berlin,  1911),  Kap.  5-9. 
C.  Schuddekopf,  Goethe-Jahrbuch.   18.  48-61.    Schauffl.^r,  \55i. 

(b)  THE    CHARACTERS    OF   "WERTHERS    LEIDEN".  — The 

'Urv/erther'  (1774)  and  the  Revision  (1787)   compared. 

.•\lbcrt  and  Lotte  in  Book  1  and  Book  2  of  the  'Urwerther',  compared.  Their 
treatment  in  the  Revision,  esp.  in  Book  2.  Other  changes.  The  episode  of  tl)-' 
peasant  lad.  Its  purpose.  Critical  analysis  of  Werther's  character.  His  indebt- 
edness to  Goethr  and  to  Jerusalem.  His  faults  and  virtues,  liis  weakness  and 
strength.  Storm  and  Stress  characteristics:  Passion,  nature,  simple  life,  chil- 
ilren,  class  distinction,  books  and  learning,  poetry  and  art,  suicide,  the  use  of 
'Stimmung.'     The   import  of   V\'erther's  sufferings  and   fate. 


38  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

Text  of  both  versions  (for  editions  see  above).  A.  Kestner: 
Goethe  und  Werther,  No.  28,  106-109.  Graf,  I.  493-695,  passim 
(see  Topic  (a).  E.  Feise,  Journal  of  English  and  Germanic 
Philology.  13.  1-36.  G.  Fittbogen,  Euphorion,  17.  556-82. 
C.  Schrempf,  1.  137-44.  E.  Schmidt:  Richardson,  Rousseau  and 
Goethe,  145-243  (Storm  and  Stress  motives  to  be  briefly  outlined, 
without    ref.    to    comparison    v^^ith    Rousseau).       Schauffler,    161f. 

*(c)  CONTEMPORARY  IMPORT,  RECEPTION  AND  INFLU- 
ENCE.—  "Werthers  Leiden"  as  an  exponent  of  'Welt- 
schmerz.' 

The  sentimental  epoch  in  German  literature.  Its  tauses.  'Sturm  und  Drang' 
and  'Weltschmerz':  how  related?  Rousseau's  'nature  gospel':  how  exemplified 
in  Goethe's  novel?  A  protest:  against  what?  Comparison  of  Werther  with 
Gotz.  Resemblances  and  differences. — Contemporary  criticism,  favorable  and 
hostile.  Nicolai's  parody.  Goethe's  retort.  Lessing's  opinion. — Napoleon's 
appreciation;  his  objection. — Influence  of  the  work  on  German  life  and  litera- 
ture.    Its  international   fame.     Translations   and   imitations. 

Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  9.  W.  A.  Braun:  Types  of  Weltschmerz 
in  German  Poetry  (New  York,  1905),  p.  1-8.  Appell:  Werther 
und  seine  Zeit,  p.  1-123;  127-195,  passim  (Wieland,  Schubart, 
Jacobi,  Merck,  Goeze,  Nicolai);  223-232.  J.  W.  Braun:  Goethe  im 
Urtheile  usw.  I.  p.  49,  53-4,  68-9,  76-8,  128-32.  H.  L.  Wagner: 
Prometheus,  Deukalion  und  seine  Recensenten.  DNL  80. 
359-80.  Lessing:  "Werther  der  Bessere."  Hempel  ed.  of  Werke, 
11.  ii.  767-69.  F.  Nicolai:  Freuden  des  jungen  Werthers  usw. 
(Berlin,  1775).  Goethe:  Anekdote  zu  den  Freuden  des  jungen 
Werthers.  Titelstrophen  fiir  Werthers  Leiden.  Auf  Nicolai. 
Freuden  des  jungen  Werthers.  DjG  5.  p.  20.  32-33,  36-38;  cf.  6. 
446-47,  450.  An  Werther  (1823).  H  1.  185.  J  2.  205.  SchoU: 
Goethe  (Napoleon),  p.  476-77. 

*(d)  LITERARY  INFLUENCES  IN  "WERTHERS  LEIDEN." 
— Development  of  the  Epistolary  Novel.  Richardson, 
Rousseau,  Goethe.  Comparison  of  themes,  characters,  im- 
port, form  and  technic.  —  Influence  of  Ossian. 

English  origins  of  the  epistolary  novel,  with  special  reference  to  Richardson's 
"Pamela"  and  "Clarissa  Harlowe"  (1740,  1748).  Form,  themes,  characteriza- 
tion. Rousseau's  "La  nouvelle  Heloise"  (1761).  New  Elements:  nature  sense 
and  social  philosophy.  Their  reappearance  in  "Werther's  Leiden".  Comparison 
of  Goethe  and  Rousseau  in  technic  and  in  characteri.stic  tendencies.  The  use 
of  excursus  and  episode.  Richardson,  Rousseau  and  Goethe  as  moralists. — 
The  'immediatpness'  of  Werther's  characterization.  The  dramatic  element  in  the 
story  and  its  setting.  The  significance  of  time  and  place.  The  use  of  'Stim- 
mung'. — Macpherson's  Ossian  (1760f).    Goethe's  translation.   Purpose  and  effect. 

Text  B  of  "Werthers  Leiden".  Samuel  Richardson:  "Clarissa 
Harlowe",  abridged  by  Chas.  Jones  (Holt).  Hettner,  I.  418-433. 
Jean  Jacques  Rousseau:  "Julie,  ou  la  nouvelle  Heloise"  (read 
through  Part  III.  Letter  18).  Hettner,  II.  489-95.  E.  Schmidt: 
Richardson,  Rousseau  und  Goethe,  6-19.  71-243.  Ossian:  Poems, 
p.  151-62.     Hettner,  I.  493-98.     Tombo:  O.  in  Germany,  p.  66-80. 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  39 

9.  "CLAVIGO."  Ein  Trauerspiel  (1774).  —  Genesis.  Sources.  Plot 
and  Characters. 
DjG  4.  169-218;  cf.  6.  404-08.  W  11.  47-124.  H  6.  127-169.  J  11. 
83-140.  DNL  8.  357-410.  C  9.  11-54.  Edited,  with  (Ger.)  intro- 
duction and  notes,  by  R.  M.  Meyer  (Hesse:  Die  Meisterwerke  der 
deutschen   Biihne). 

The  'Ehegesellschaft'  at  Frankfurt.  Reading  of  Btauniarcliais'  "Fourth  Memoir." 
Its  author's  career  in  France.  Occasion  and  purpose  of  the  Memoirs.  Content 
of  the  "Fragment  de  nion  voyage  d'Espagne".  Relation  of  Goethe's  drama  to 
this  source.  Other  literary  influences. — The  real  Clavigo  and  the  real  facts.— 
The  characters  of  Goithe's  play,  particularly  Clavigo  and  Carlos.  Goethe's  con- 
fession and  its  significance.  Relation  of  the  drama  to  "Gotz  von  Berlichingen". 
Clavigo:  Marie::  VVeislingen:   Maria. — Contemporary  criticism.  Merck's  estimate 

Dichtung  und  Wahrheit,  W  28.  118-120,  344-49.  H  22.  70-72, 
200-03.  J  24.  88-90,  257-61.  DNL  19.  105-07,  325-28.  C  21.  68-70, 
195-99.— Briefe,  cf.  DjG  6.  Register,  p.  593.  Stein,  1.  Reg.  p.  294. 
Eckermann:  Gesprache,  Reg.  Bd.  3.  Foregoing  collected  in  Grat, 
11.  1.  p.  158-88.    Schauffler,  174-77. 

Bielschowsky,  I.  238-42.  Bulthaupt,  1.  106-19.  Heinemann,  201-06. 
Hettner,  111.  III.  1.  p.  135-39.  Landwehr:  Dichterische  Gestalten 
in  geschichtlicher  Treue,  p.  128-35  — Theod.  W.  Danzel:  Gesam- 
melte  Aufsatze  (Leipzig,  1855),  p  152-65.  E.  Schmidt:  Charak- 
teristiken,  2.  Reilie,  99-116.  Braun:  Goethe  im  Urtheile  usw.  I. 
67,  135,  421.  Beaumarchais:  Fragment  de  mon  voyage  d'Espagne. 
Annee  1764.  Quatrieme  memoire  (1774),  p.  64-99;  ed.  Lescure- 
Clavijo.  Avec  une  preface.  1880.  Hettner,  H.  535-47.  A.  Bettel- 
heim:  Beaumarchais,  p.  61ff.  G.  Grempler:  Goethes  Clavigo,  163-205. 

•10.  MINOR  WRITINGS  OF  GOETHE'S  STORM  AND  STRESS 
PERIOD  (1772-74).— Selected  Poems.  The  'Kunstlerdra- 
men,'  Fragments:  "Mahomet."  "Prometheus."  "Der  Ewige 
Jude."  Satires:  "Pater  Brey."  "Satyros."  "Gotter,  Helden 
und  Wieland." 

Characteristic  themes  and  motifs:  Nature,  ait,  genius,  destiny,  fri-edom,  rcvalt 
etc.  Protest  against  sham  in  art.  Sentiment  vs.  sentimentalism.  Imitation  vs. 
originality.  Significance  of  the  satires  on  Leuchsenring,  Herder!,?)  and  Wie- 
land.   Goethe's  versatility. 

General.— DuW,  Register,  sub  tit.  H  23.  250-56.    Briefe,  Register, 

DjG  6.   593-95.  Schauffler,  133-51. 

GEDICHTE:  — "Wanderers  Sturmlied."     "Der  Wandrer."     DjG 

2.  124-27,  130-36;  cf.  6.  185,  188.  "Mahomets  Gesang."  DjG  3 
138-41;  cf.  6.  293f.  "Prometheus."  "Ganymed."  "An  Schwager 
Kronos."  DjG  4.  38-41,  165-67;  cf.  6.  349f,  401.— H  1.  139f,  154l, 
162;  2.  42f.  178.  J  2.  51f,  59f,  91.  Goebel:  Goethe's  Poems,  p. 
21  f.  notes. 

FRAGMENTE:  — General.  — Hettner,  III.  III.  1.  p.  157-66. 
Weitbrecht,  173-84.  "MAHOMET."  Dramatisches  Fragment. 
DjG  3.  136-38.  W  39.  187f.  I  )S  8-10— Graf.  II.  3.  343f. 
J.  Minor:  Goethes  Mahomet  (Jena,  1907).  M.  Morris:  Euphorion. 
14.  t)25-32.    "PROMETHEUS."    Dramatisches  Fragment.    DjG  3.- 


40  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

307-23;  cf.  6.  313-18.  W  39.  193-215.  H  8.  175-99.  J  IS.  11-26.— 
Graf,  II.  4.  66f.  E.  Schmidt:  Charakteristiken,  2.  Reihe,  128-47  (or 
G-J  20).  Schrempf,  1.  105-69.  Walzel:  Das  Prometheussymbol. 
F.  Saran:  Goethes  Mahomet  (1-58)  und  Prometheus  (59-13b). 
Weitbrecht:  Diesseits  von  VV.  173-84.  "DER  EWIGE  JUDE." 
DjG  4.  48-59;  6.  357-63.  W  38.  53-64.  J  3.  232-41.— Graf,  I.  38-49. 
J.  Minor:  Goethes  Fragmente  vom  ewigen  Juden   (1904). 

SATIRES: — General.— Bielschowsky,  Register,  sub  tit.  Band  II. 
p.  715f.  Graf,  II.  1.  426f;  3.  If;  4.  118f.  Weitbrecht:  Diesseits 
von  Weimar,  Kap.  4,  passim. 

"EIN  FASTNACHT3PIEL  VON  PATER  BREY"  (1773).  "SA- 

TYROS."    Drama  (1773-74). 
"GOETTER,  HELDEN  UND  WIELAND."    Eine  Farce  (1773). 

DjG  3.   157-70,  283-306,  329-47;  cf.  6.  300,  309,  319.  W  16.  57-104; 

38.  11-36.  H  8.  140,  144,  179-89,  217-32,  252-74.  J  7.  103-39,  201-14, 

327f,  360f.    DNL  6.   C  6. 

W.   Scherer:    Aus    Goethes    Friihzeit,   48-68.     Satyros   und    Brey. 

Goethe-Jahrbuch,    1.    81-118.     Max    Morris:    Goethe-Studien,    II. 

269-71.    Gertrud  Baumer:    Goethes  Satyros  (Diss.  Leipzig,  1905). 

Braun:  Goethe,  I.,  35,  45. 

"KUENSTLERS  ERDEWALLEN"  (1773).    DjG  3.  324-28;  cf.  6. 

318.  W  16.  141-48.  H  8.  137,  153f.  J  7.  144-48,  340f.  DNL  6.  C  6. 

Compare  "KUENSTLERS  APOTHEOSE"  (1788).  W  16.  149-61. 

H  8.    142,   191-99.   J  7.    151-60.    DNL  6.    C  6. 

11.  LILI    SCHOENEMANN.  — Goethe's    Swiss    Journey.      The    Lih- 
Poems.    "Erwin  und  Elmire." 

First  meeting  with  Lili  (Jan.  1775).  Courtsiiip.  Betrothal.  Obstacles.  Goethe's 
flight.  In  Switzerland  (May-July,  1775J.  Return,  difficulties  again.  The  out- 
come. Reasons  for  the  separation  (Sept.  1775). — Lili's  character  and  personal- 
ity. Conflicting  estimates  (cf.  Grimm  ar.d  Bielschowsky,  below).  The  evidence 
of  Goethe's  narrative. — Meeting  in  1779  (cf.  letter  to  Frau  von  Stein,  Sept. 
25,   1779,  see  Topic  S). — Lili  in  later  life.     Mutual  recollections. 

DICHTUNG  UND   WAHRHEIT,   Buch    16-19,   passim.    W   29. 

22-24,  37-65,  91-131,  155-61,  177-88.   H  23.  14-15,  23-40,  55-77,  92-95, 

103-09.   J  24.    16-17,  25-47,  66-94,   112-16,   127-35.    DNL  20.   20-24, 

35-64,  92-132,  155-60,   172-85.    C  21.   209-10.  216-33,  247-68,  282-85, 

293-99. 

Briefe. — DjG  6.  587,  Personenregister,  under 'Schonemann'.  Ecker- 

mann.    Gesprache,    Band   3,    Reg.,   "Lili'.    Schauffler,    182-92. 

GEDICHTE:  "Neue  Liebe,  neues  Leben."  "An  Belinden."  "Vom 
Berge."  "Lilis  Park."  "Auf  dem  See."  DjG  5.  33-35,  257-58.  312-16; 
cf.  notes  in  DjG  6.  "An  ein  goldenes  Herz."  "Jagers  Abendlied." 
H  1.  62,  63.  J  1.  63-64  (cf.  DjG  6.  517).  "An  Lili."  "Hblde  Lili, 
warst  so  lang."    H  3.   101,  316.  J  3.  79-80. 

Bielschowsky:  Friederike  und  Lili,  p.  107-152.  Bielschowsky: 
Goethe,  I.  Kap.  17.  Grimm,  11.  Vorlesung.  Meyer,  Kap.  10, 
passim.   F.  von  Durckheim:    Lillis  Bild. 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  <i 

"ERWIN  UND  ELMIRE."  Ein  Schauspiel  mit  Gesang  (1775).— 
DjG  5.  39-66;  cf.  6.  451-56.  W  38.  69-106.  H  11.  ii.  135-60.  J  11. 
1-30.  DNL  7.  1-30.  C  13.  160-82. 

Genesis  and  sources.  Goldsmith's  ballad.  Plot  and  characters.  The  autobi- 
ographical clement.      The   form.      Interpolated   snngs.     '"iJas  Veilchen." 

"Erwin  und  Elmire."  Ein  Singspiel  (1788).— W  11.  285-330.  H  9. 
13-40.  J  8.  149-90.  DNL  7.  31-69.  C  7.  70-100. 

Changes  in  plot,  characters  and  form.  Relative  interest  and  poetic  worth  of 
the  earlier  and  the  later  text. 

Oliver  Goldsmith:  "The  Vicar  of  Wakefield"  (1766),  chap.  8, 
Ballad  of  Edwin  and  Angelina.  K.  Goedeke:  Goethes  Leben,  p. 
133-38,  270-72.     W.  Wilmanns  G-J  2.    146-67.    H.  H.  Borchardt, 

G-J  32.    73-82.    Graf,  II.   1.  409f.    SchaufHer,  196-99. 

12.  "STELLA"     (1775).      Published    1776    as    "Ein     Schauspiel    fiir 

Liebende."    DjG  5.  67-128;  cf.  6.  456f. 
PubHshed  1815  as  "Ein  Trauerspiel"  (as  played  1806-). 
W  11.   125-96.   H  8.  89-132  (cf.  note,  p.  477).  J  11.   141-94.   DNL 
6.  113-79.  C  9.  233-74. 

Genesis.  Plot,  theme,  characters.  Sources  and  influences.  Swift's  Stella  and 
Vanessa.  The  Jacobis  and  Johanna  Fahlmer.  The  'confession'.  Stella  and  Lili. 
— Publication.    Contemporary  criticism.    The  changed  ending. 

Briefe,  cf.  DjG  6.  593,  Register,  sub  tit.  Bielschowsky,  L  242-48. 
Meyer,  Kap.  10,  passim.  Scholl:  Goethe,  485-90.  Schrempf,  1. 
129-37.  J.  Minor:  in  W.  Scherer's  "Aus  Goethes  Fruhzeit",  p. 
26-30.  W.  Scherer:  Aufsatze,  125-60.  B.  Luther,  Euphorion,  14. 
47f.  Bulthaupt,  L  120-23.  Braun:  Goethe,  I.  228-9,  233 f,  240-44.— 
Jonathan  Swift:  Encyclop.  Brit,  (biogr.  sketch) .  Hettner,  I.  290-97. 

*— "URFAUST"  (P1773-75).  — See  Topic  28. 

13.  GOETHE'S    FIRST   TEN    YEARS    IN   WEIMAR    (Nov.    1775- 

Sept.  1786). 

(a)  SOCIAL  LION  AND  MAN  OF  AFFAIRS.— Court  life  at 
Weimar  and  Goethe's  part  in  it.  Relations  with  Karl  August, 
personal  and  official. 

The  Duchy  of  Weimar  and  the  capital.  The  ducal  family:  Anna  Amalia,  Karl 
August,  Luise.  Other  prominent  persons  in  the  court  circle  (without  details  of 
Frau  von  Stein,  cf.  Topic  14). — Goethe's  first  meeting  with  Karl  .\ugust.  His 
arrival  at  Weimar.  Impressions  received  and  given.  His  social  p<isition  and 
influence.  Companion  and  counsellor  of  the  Duke.  Relations  with  .\nna  .-Xmalia 
and  Luise.  Difficulties  encountered. — Goethe's  duties  as  state  official.  His  sense 
of  responsibility. — Court  amusements  and  Goethe's  part  in  them.  Private  theat- 
ricals. —  Corona    Schroter,  --  actress,    singer,    Goethe's   iricnd. 

Dichtung  und  Wahrheit:  W  28.  315-28;  29.  172-73,  179-92.  H  22 
183-91;  23.  100,  104-112.  J  24.  235-45;  25.  122-23,  128-38.  DNL  19. 
284-305;  20.  168-69.  174-88.  C  21.  178-86,  290,  294-302. 
Briefe:  "Alles  urn  Liebe,"  p.  158-61,  168-69,  176-79,  212.  226-28.  252. 
282-83,  287-88.  303-05.  316,  3-40-43.  Briefe  an  Carl  August:  Stein, 
Register,  Band  2,  p.  303,  Band  3.  p.  305  (through  No.  569),  or 
Von  der  Hellen,  Reg.,  Bd.  1,  2,  3,  (Karl  August),  through  No.  469. 


PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

Briefe:  References  to  Anna  Amalia,  Carl  August  and  Luise,  cf. 
Stein,  Register,  Bd.  2.  p.  309,  under  'Sachsen-Weimar'.  Gedichte  an 
Karl  August:  H  3.  317-21.  J  3.  p.  81f,  No.  39,  54,  62,  82,  83,  87, 
133.  "Ilmenau."  H  1.  108-13.  J  1.  276-81;  cf.  Goebel:  Goethe's 
Poems,  p.  173-77,  notes.  R.  Hildebrand,  G-J  15.  140f.  "Venetian 
Epigrams,"  No.  34,  35  (or  34a,  b) .  H  2.  144-45.  J  1.  212-13. 
C  1.  199f.  "Auf  Miedings  Tod."  H  1.  118-24.  J_l.  269-75,  and 
notes;  cf.  R.  Keil:  Ein  Goethe-Strauss  (Stuttgart,  1891),  p.  140-154. 
For  "Die  Fischerin."  Ein  Singspiel  (1782),  see  W  12.  87-116.  H  9. 
167-92.  J  8.  69-82.  DNL  7.  287-321.  C  7.  150-66.  Geiger,  130-33. 
Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  19,  20,  22.  H.  S.  Chamberlain:  Goethe,  p. 
193-206.  A.  Diezmann:  Goethe  und  die  lustige  Zeit  in  Weimar, 
Kap.  1,  4.  Grimm,  14.  Vorlesung.  Scholl:  Goethe,  98-183,  passim. 
Schrempf,  II.  16-43.  Schauffler,  204-311,  passim.  Meyer,  139-48. 
Thomas:    Goethe,  chap.  4. 

(b)  STATESMAN,  POET,  MAN. —  The  evolution  of  Goethe's 
ideals  of  life  and  art.  Survey  of  literary  work  in  the  Ten 
Years,  with  discussion  of  the  Poems  written  in  this  period. 

Goethe's  constructive  work  as  Minister  of  State.  His  principal  achievements. 
His  sacrifices.  Journeys  to  Switzerland,  the  Harz,  Berlin,  Leipzig,  etc. — His 
private  life.  His  'large  humanity'.  Inner  and  outer  changes.  The  influence  of 
Frau  von  Stein  (briefly). — Writings.  Important  works  continued  or  begun. 
Poems.  Expression  of  his  new  ideals  (e.g.  compare  "'Prometheus"  (1773),  and 
"Grenzen  der  Menscliheit"  (1781),  "Das  Gottliche"  1783).  The  passing  of  his 
Storm  and  Stress  (cf.  "Ilmenau"). — Losses  and  gains  of  the  Ten  Years.  His 
own   estimate.     Inner  conflicts.     Close  of  the  epoch. 

Briefe:  "AUes  um  Liebe,"  p.  158-61,  166-69,  172-75,  176-85,  187, 
191,  196-98,  212,  215-19,  222-24,  226-28,  233-34,  246-47,  252,  256-58, 
262-63,  268-72,  274-79,  282-83.  287-88,  291-92,  296,  298-300,  303-05, 
312,  316,  328-29,  332,  339-45,  347-48,  354-55,  356-59. 

GEDICHTE:  "Wanderers  Nachtlied  I",  "Hans  Sachsens  Poetische 
Sendung",  "Rastlose  Liebe",  "Seefahrt",  "Harzreise  im  Winter", 
"An  den  Mond",  "Gesang  der  Geister  iiber  den  Wassern",  "Wan- 
derers Nachtlied  II",  "Grenzen  der  Menschheit",  "Das  Gottliche", 
"Mignon". — Themes  and  import.  Autobiographical  significance. 
Ballads:  "Der  Fischer",  "Der  Erlkonig",  "Der  Sanger",  H  1. 
54,  62-65,  113-18,  141-42,  145-54,  159,  164-67,  227-29,  231-34.  J  1. 
54-55,  63-66,  101-02.  105-07;  2.  44,  48,  56,  62.  85.  Cf.  notes  in  J  1 
and  2;  also  J  28.  164-81.  For  "Ilmenau"  see  Topic  13  (a)  above. — 
Goebel:  Goethe's  Poems,  p.  31-56,  78-99,  passmi.  R.  Keil:  Ein 
Goethe-Strauss,  p.  103-154,  passim.  R.  Kogel:  Goethes  lyrische 
Dichtungen  der  ersten  Weimarischen  Jahre  (Basel,  1896). 
F.  Kern:  Kleine  Schriften,  II.  80-88.  F.  Warnecke,  G-J  33.  113-27 
("Harzreise  im  W.").  E.  v.  d.  Hellen:  Jhb.  d.  F.  D.  H.  1902.  325-43. 
Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  21.  22.  24.  25.  Chamberlain:  Goethe,  193-216. 
Hettner,  III.  III.  1.  p.  179-203.  Scholl,  120-207,  passim. 
Schrempf,  II.  3-27,  121-52.   Thomas:   Goethe.    Index,  p.  366,  sub  tit. 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  « 

*(c)  MINOR    PLAYS    FOR    THE    WEIMAR    COURT.  — Local 

and    personal    significance.  —  "Das    Neueste    von    Plunders- 

weilern,"  the  picture  and  the  poem. 
"Lila"    (1776).    W    12.    39-86.    H  9.   99-133.    J   8.    1-38.    DNL   7. 
201-44.    C  7.    123f.    Max  Morris:  Goethe-Studien  II.  1-8. 
"Der   Triumph   der   Empfindsamkeit"    (1777,   rev.    1786).      W    17. 
1-74  (orig.  text,  17.  323f).    H  8.   319-64.  J  7.   225-78  (cf.  371-77). 
DNL  6.   398-465.    C  6.   201-44.   Morris:   Goethe-Studien,   II.  9-16. 
E.  Schmidt:  Goethes  Proserpina.    Vierteljahrschrift  fiir  Literatur- 
gesch.   1.   27-52.    R.  Buchv/ald,  Euphorion,   15.   41-52.    "Jery  und 
Bately."    Ein   Singspiel   (1779).    W   12.    1-38.    H  9.    135-65.    J   8. 
39-58.    DNL  7.   245-86.    C  7.    101-22.    Schauffler,  231,  239.  243. 
"Das   Neueste  von  Plundersweilern"   (1781).    W  16.   41-55.    J   7. 
190-200.    DNL  6.    279-98.  —  Scholl,  517-34.    Schauffler,  282f. 

14.  GOETHE  AND  FRAU  VON  STEIN.  — Their  relations  in  the 
First  Ten  Years,  and  later.  Goethe's  letters  and  poems. 
"Die  Geschwister." 

Charlotte  von  Stein's  early  life  (1742-64).  Married  life,  to  1775.  Mutual 
knowledge  and  interest  of  Goethe  and  Frau  von  Stein  before  their  meeting. 
Dr.  Ziinmermann.  Her  character  and  personality.  The  course  of  their  relation, 
1775-86,  as  seen  in  Goethe's  letters  and  poems.  "Die  Geschwister"  as  a  'con- 
fession'.-^Frau  von  Stein  as  mentor  and  confidante.  The  nature  and  significance 
of  her  influence  on  Goethe  and  his  writings,  particularly  "Iphigenie  auf  Tauris.'' 
Effect  of  Goethe's  departure  to  Italy  (Sept.  1786).  His  letters  from  Italy. 
Indicative  of  changed  feelings?  After  his  return.  Gradual  estrangement; 
causes.  The  breach.  Goethe's  last  letters  (Feb. -June,  1789). — I^ter  friendship. 
Their  correspondence   1795-1826.    Their  old  age.    Her  death,  Jan.   1827. 

Goethes  BRIEFE  AN  FRAU  VON  STEIN:  complete  editions 
by  A.  Scholl,  3.  Auflage  rev.  by  Wahle,  2  Bande  (standard);  and 
by  K.  Heinemann,  4  Bde.  (Cotta,  Weltlit.).— Read  all  letters  to 
Frau  von  Stem  in  "AUes  um  Liebe",  p.  159-430,  and  in  "Vom 
tatigen  Leben",  p.  64,  122,  135,  189,  300,  355  Or  in  Von  der  Hellen, 
Band  1-6  (indexes);  or  in  Stein,  Band  2-8  (indexes).  Cf.  Heine- 
mann's  'Einleitung',  Bd.  1,  p.  3-34. 

GEDICHTE  an  Frau  von  Stein:   "Zueignung,"  "Die  Geheimnisse," 
"An   Lida,"  "Fiir  ewig,"  "Zwischen  beiden  Welten."    H    1.    7-10, 
124-36,  180,  199.    J  1.    1-6  (cf.  notes),  287-98;  2.  80,  219.    An  Per- 
sonen:  J  3.   p.   83f.    No.  41-48,  50,  53.  55,  57-61,  65-68,  70-73,  75 
80,  142,  196.    H  3.  p.  22,  46-48,  86-91,  119,  121.  334,  348.   For  some 
cf.   Goebel,  p.  49-56,  notes.     (For  original   setting  of  poems   see 
SchoH's  or  Heinemann's  ed.  of  Briefe,  e.  g.  Apr.  14,  1776). 
"DIE  GESCHWISTER."     Ein  Schauspiel  (1776). 
W  9.   117-45.    H  6.    183-99.    J   11.    195-216.    DNL  6.    18':)-207.    C  9. 
275-88.— Cf.   Scholl,   Goethe,  p.  68-97.    Bulthaupt,  I.   126-33. 
Bielschowsky,  I.  300-09;  II.  1-7.    W.  Bode:    Charlotte  von  Stein, 
p.  1-101,  passim   (early  years).    Grimm,  13.  Vorlesung.    A.  Luther: 
Goethe,  71-105.  E.Schmidt:  Charakteristiken.  I.  302-20.    Schrempf: 
Goethes  Lebensanschauung,  II.  44-;)8.    Schauffler,  229f. 


44  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

15.  GOETHE'S  ITALIAN  JOURNEY  AND  ITS  SEQUEL.  —  Art 
and  Nature  in  Italy.  Reaction  from  the  restraint  of  the 
Ten  Years.     Christiana.    The  "Roman  Elegies." 

(a)  "ITALIENISCHE  REISE"  (Sept.,  1786-June,  1788).     Goethe's 

itinerary.    Studies  and  observations.    His  'spiritual  rebirth*. 

Literary  work. 
W  30,  31.   H  24.  J  26.  27.   DNL  21.  i.  ii.   C  22,  23. 
Required    selections:  —  Venedig:    Sept.-Okt.    1786.    H    24.    56-89. 
J  26.  68-111.  Rom:  Nov.  '86-Feb.  '87.  H  24.  114-67.  J  26.  142-207. 
Neapel:  Feb.-Mar.  '87.   H  24.   168-212.  J  26.  207-63.   Sizilien  nach 
Neapel    (return   voyage,    Alar.   '87):   H  24.    298-305.    J  26.   371-80. 

CJoethe's  longing  for  Italy.  Mignon's  song.  Plans  for  the  journey.  Circuiii- 
stances  of  his' departure.  His  route.  In  Venice.  First  impressions  of  Italy. 
Arrival  in  Rome.  Impressions  and  comments,  favorable  and  otherwise.  To 
Naples  and  Sicily.  Botanical  studies.  A  perilous  voyage.  Second  stay  in 
Rome  (June  6,  '87-Apr.  23,  '88).  Goethe's  leave  prolonged.  Studies  in 
ancient  and  modern  art.  Life  in  Rome.  Friends  and  associates.  At  Castel 
Gandolfo  (autumn,  '87).  Maddalena  Rigi.  Second  winter  in  Rome. — The 
start  homeward.  Florence.  Milan.  In  Weimar  again.  (June  18,  '88.)  — 
Significance  of  the  Italian  Journey  for  Goethe's  life  and  art.  —  Literary  work 
in  Italy  for  the  edition  of  his  "Schriften",  1787-1790.  Works  revised,  con- 
tinued and  completed.  Interest  in  the  'Singspiel'.  Meyer.  Revision  of 
"Claudine  von  Villa  Bella".  The  earlier  form.  'Ein  Schauspiel  mit  Gesang' 
(1775). 

Briefe.  —  "Alles  um  Liebe,"  p.  356-413;  or  Stein,  3.  p.  104f.    No. 

568-72,  576-79,  581-82,  584-85,  588,  591,  596,  602-3,  605.  616,  618,  622; 
or  Von  der  Hellen,  2.  No.  468-71,  474-78,  480,  484,  486,  489,  494-5, 
506,  512.    Schauffler,  311-341. 

Geiger,  Einleitung,  J  26.  p.  v-lv.  Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  26. 
Grimm,  16.  u.  17.  Vorlesung  (in  part).  Meyer,  Kap.  14. 
"Claudine  von  Villa  Bella."  Ein  Singspiel  (1788).  W  11.  197-283. 
H  9.  49-98.  J  8.  191-266.  DNL  7.  131-200.  C  7.  11-69.  — Ein 
Schauspiel  mit  Gesang  (1775).  DjG  5.  129-98;  cf.  6.  466-68.  W  38. 
107-94.  H  11.  ii.  165-209.  J  11.  31-82.  DNL  7.  70-130.  C  13. 
183-222. —  Goedeke:  Goethe,  136,  266.  Bielschowsky,  Register, 
sub  tit.    K.  Kippenberg:  Ueber  Goethes  Claudine  von  V.  B. 

(b)  AFTER  THE  ITALIAN   JOURNEY   (to   1794).     CHRISTI- 

ANE.  —  Changes  in  Goethe's  public  and  private  life.     His 
new  Muse.     The  "Roman  Elegies." 

Goethe's   return   from   Italy    (June   18,  '88).    His  official   position  and  activities. 

—  His  discontent.  The  reunion  with  Frau  von  Stein.  Changed  relations.  The 
mt-eting  with  Christiane  Vulpius  (1765-1816),  July  12,  1788.  Her  character 
and  personality.  The  sequel.  Effect  on  Goethe's  social  relations  in  Weimar. 
His  home  life.  Birth  of  August  von  Goethe  (Dec.  25,  1789).  —  Goethe  and 
Christiane  until  their  formal  marriage  (Oct.  19,  1806).  Goethe's  letters  to 
Christiane:  what  they  say  and  what  they  indicate.  His  mother's  attitude. — 
The    inspiration    of    the    "Roman    Elegies."     Their    themes,    import    and    form. 

—  In  Venice  again  (1790).  Changed  impressions.  The  "Venetian  Epigrams." 
Botanical  and  other  scientific  studies  (without  detail).  Literary  work.  Com- 
pletion of  the  8-voI.  edition  of  his  "SCHRIFTEN."  The  new  master-works 
it  contained.     (  f.    Syllabus,   p.   66,   and   Geiger,    174-77. 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  « 

Briefe.  —  "Alles  um  Liebe,"  p.  414-430,  and  letters  to  Frau  von 
Stein,  p.  358-401.  "Vom  tatigen  Leben,"  Goethe's  letters  to  Chris- 
tiane,  p.  17-122  (index,  p.  416)  and  also  p.  142-146;  letters  from 
Goethes  mother  to  G.  and  Christiane.     Schauffler,  34J-49. 

GEDICHTE  an  Christiane:  "Morgenklagen,"  "Der  Besuch,"  "Das 
Wiedersehen,"  "Gefunden."  W  1.  25,  287;  2.  98-103.  H  1.  21, 
174-77;  2.  52.  J  1.  18,  192;  2.  73-77.  DNL  1.  18,  227;  2.  85-89. 
C  1.  27,  186-88,  272-75.  "Amyntas."  W  1 .  288.  H  2.  53.  J  1.  193. 
DNL  1.  228.   C  1.   187. 

"EPIGRAMME  (VENEDIG)."  No.  3,  98,  99.  W  1.  308f.  H  2. 
137f.  J  1.  204f.  DNL  1.  243f.  C  1.  195f.  Other  Epigrams  to  be 
read:  No.  4,  5,  7,  13,  26,  28,  29,  34a,  34b,  35,  51,  94  to  end. — 
"Metamorphose  der  Pflanzen"  (Gedicht).  W  1.  290.  H  2.  227. 
J  2.  247.  DNL  3.  ii.  25.  C  2.  129. 

"ROEMISCHE  ELEGIEN."  W  1.  233-62.  H  2.  17-36.  J  1.  154- 
72.  DNL  1.  185-205.  C  1.  161-74.  Read  No.  1,  3-8,  13,  18. 
Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  1.  Grimm,  17.  u.  18.  Vorlesung,  passim. 
Geiger:  Goethe  und  die  Seinen,  p.  7-75.  Max  Morris:  Christiane 
Vulpius  in  Goethes  Dichtung.  Goethe-Studien,  II.  76-109.  Ph. 
Stein:  Briefe  von  Goethes  Mutter  (Reclam.  Miniatur-Ausg.). 
Einleitung:  Christiane  und  Goethe,  p.  3-35.  Goethe:  Hermann  und 
Dorothea  (Elegie,  1796).    H  2.  54-56.   J  1.  194-96.    Goebel,  63. 

16.  "IPHIGENIE  AUF  TAURIS."    Ein  Schauspiel  (1787). 

W  10.  1-95.  H  7.  93-180.  J  12.  1-88.  DNL  9.  37-119.  C  11.  1-76. 
—  Edited,  with  (Eng.)  introd.  and  notes,  by  M.  Winkler  (Holt). 
General.  —  Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  27.    Meyer,  Kap.  15. 

(a)  GENESIS  AND   FORM.     'ERLEBTES.*     RECEPTION.  — 

The  first  veraion  (A,  1779)  and  the  last  (D,  1787).    Goethe's 
'confession.'    The  Healing  of  Orestes.    Frau  von  Stein. 

The  prose  "Iphigenie?'   (1779):  W  39.   321-404.    H  11.  ii.   217-55. 

DNL  9.   1-35.   C  13.   r.9-59.    The  four  forms  in  parallel  columns: 

J.  Bachtold.    Goethe's  "Iphigenie  auf  Tauris"  in  vierfacher  Gestalt. 

H.    Diintzer:      Die    dre'.    altesten    Bearbeitungen    von    Goethes 

"Iphigenie." 

Beginning  and  progress  of  ^he  work.  Performance  of  the  prose  version  at 
Weimar  (1779).  The  cast.  The  first  versification  (B,  1780).  The  third 
version  (C,  1781).  Completion  in  Italy.  Comparison  of  A  (1779)  and  D 
.  (the  final,  published  text,  1787)  as  to  form  and  diction.  Cursory  examina- 
tion of  the  intermediate  forms  (B  and  C). — Goethe's  interest  in  the  Orestes 
legend:  how  explained?  Analogy  with  his  own  situation.  The  Healing  of 
Orestes  as  the  "axis  of  the  piece,"  why  so  called?  Iphigenie  :  Orest  ::  Frau 
von  Stein  :  Goethe.  The  evideice  of  Goethe's  letters  to  Frau  von  Stein  (cf. 
esp.  Apr.  14,  1776).  —  Reception  of  the  drama  in  Weimar  and  elsewhere. 
Schiller's  criticisms. 

Briefe.  Stein,  Register,  Ed.  2,  3.  Eckermann:  Gesprache,  Register. 
Graf,  II.  3.  p.  156-255.  —  K.  Fischer:  Goethe's  Iphigenie  (Goethe- 
Schriften,  I),  p.  7-18,  35-56.   Grimm,  15.  Vorlesung;  17.  Vorlesung 


46  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

(beginning).  K.  Heinemann:  Die  Heilung  des  Orest.  G-J  20.  212-20. 
Winkler,  introd.  chap.  iv.  vi.-ix,  Bulthaupt,  I.  149-70.  —  Braun: 
Goethe,  II.  7-13,  52-57.  Schiller:  Ueber  Goethes  Iphigenie  auf 
Tauris.  'Werke,'  Bellermann  ed.  13.  306-36.  Sakular  ed.  16.  195- 
226.    DNL  ed.  12.  ii.  284-313.     Schauffler,  349-57. 

(b)  SOURCES.  LEGEND  AND  DRAMA.  EURIPIDES  AND 
GOETHE— The  legend  of  Orestes  and  the  Tauric  Iphigenia. 
Comparison  of  plot  and  characters  in  Euripides  and  Goethe, 
The  Greek  and  the  Modern  element  in  Goethe's  play. 

Euripides:  "Iphigenia  in  Tauris,"  edited  (Greek  text)  with  introd. 
and  notes,  by  Jerram  (Cambridge  Press)  and  Flagg  (Ginn);  see 
introd.  English  verse  transl.  by  Gilbert  Murray  (Oxford  Press). 
Cf.  J.  P.  Mahaffy:  History  of  Greek  Lit.  I.  354-58.  Goedeke: 
Goethe,  246-55. 

K.  Fischer:  Goethes  Iphigenie,  p.  18-35.  Schrempf,  II.  226-40. 
Winkler,  introd.  chap.  i.  iii.  ix-xi.  F.  Thalmayr:  Goethe  und  das 
klassische  Altertum  (Leipzig.,  1897).  F.  Thiimen:  Die  Iphigenien- 
sage  in  antikem  und  modernem  Gewand   (Berlin,  1895). 

17.  "EGMONT."    Ein  Trauerspiel  (1787). 

W  8.    171-305.    H  7.   1-92.   J   11.   235-336.    DNL  8.   411-517.   C  9. 

155-232.  —  Edited,  with  introd.  and  notes,  together  with  Schiller's 

Essay  on  Egniont  and  Review  of  Goethe's  Drama,  by  M.  Winkler 

(Ginn). 

General.  —  Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  23.    Meyer,  Kap.  13. 

(a)  GENESIS  AND  SOURCES.    PLOT  AND  FORM.  —  Relation 

to  history.  Use  of  'mass  scenes.*  Shakespeare  influence. 
Language  and  style. 

The  beginning  at  Frankfurt  (1775).  Goethe's  interest  in  the  subject.  Reasons, 
historical  and  personal.  Continuation  at  \\'einiar.  The  "Egmont"  of  1782. 
Completion  in  Italy.  —  Earlier  and  later  prrtions  of  the  play.  Criteria.  — 
Goethe's  historical  sources,  and  his  use  of  them.  Critical  analysis  of  plot. 
Influence  of  "Julius  Caesar."  —  The  civic  background.  —  Political  philosophy 
in  "Egmont."  Conflicting  theories  and  their  representatives.  Goethe's  stand- 
point. 

Dichtung  und  Wahrheit,  Book  19,  'ast  page;  Book  20,  passim  (cf. 
H  23.  250).  Briefe:  Stein,  Register,  2.  304;  3.  306.  Graf,  I.  1. 
p.  196-279.    Schauffler,  357-63. 

J.  L.  Motley:  The  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic,  vols.  1  and  2, 
passim.  W.  H.  Prescott:  History  of  the  Reign  of  Philip  II.  Book 
111.  chap.  1-5.  E.  Zimmermannr  Goethes  Egmont  (Halle,  1909), 
p.  100-121,  135-161.    D.  Jacoby,  G-J   12.   247-56  (Shakespeare). 

(b)  THE   CHARACTERS.     EGMONT   IN  HISTORY  AND   IN 

GOETHE'S  DRAMA. —'Das  Damonische.'  Goethe  and 
Egmont.  'Erlebtes.' — Import.  Reception.  Schiller's  criticism 
and  his  later  adaptation. 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  *1 

Character  and  personality  of  the  real  Egmont.  Goethe's  changes  and  his  reason*. 
"Das  Damonische'  and  its  exemplification  in  Egmont.  —  Critical  analysis  of 
Egmont's  character.  His  virtues  and  faults.  His  'humanity.'  His  relation  to 
Orange  and  to  Alba  (with  a  comparison  of  the  three  as  men  and  as  statesmen); 
to  the  government;  to  the  people.  Eg[mont  and  Clarchen. — Import  of  Egmont's 
fate.  Gotz  and  Egmont.  Storm  and  Stress  tendencies.  Other  characters  and 
their  relation  to  Egmont.  Types  and  individuals  among  the  bourgeoisie.  — 
Schiller's  review  (1788).  His  praise  and  blame.  Estimate  of  his  criticism. 
Scliiller's  adaptation  of  "Egmont"  (1796).  Principal  changes.  Reasons.  Effect. 
Goethe's  attitude. 

Schiller:  Egmonts  Leben  und  Tod  (hist,  essay),  'Werke,'  DNL 
ed.  10.  i.  303-25.  Winkler's  ed.  of  "Egmont,"  p.  119-150.  Prescott, 
see  Topic  (a).  Schrempf,  II.  177-84,  204-210,  274-96.  Zimmermann, 
p.  16-99.  —  Schiller's  Review:  'Werke,'  Bellermann's  ed.  13.  295- 
306.  Sakular  ed.  16.  179-90.  DNL  ed.  12.  ii,  274-84.  Cotta  ed. 
15.  154-64.  Winkler's  ed.  of  "Egmont,"  p.  153-67.  —  Schiller's 
'Biihnenbearbeitung'  of  Goethe's  "Egmont,"  'Werke,'  DNL  ed.  7. 
243-323.  Cf.  A.  Koster:  Schiller  als  Dramaturg,  p.  1-10.  Braun: 
Goethe  im  Urtheile  usw.    II.  21-38,  57-69. 

18.  "TORQUATO  TASSO."    Kin  Schauspiel  (1790). 

W  10.  103-244.  H  7.  181-295.  J  12.  89-220.  DNL  9.  131-249.  C  11. 
77-176.  —  Edited,  with  introduction  and  notes,  by  C.  Thomas 
(Heath);  with  introduction,  notes  and  vocabulary,  by  J.  F.  Coar 
(Ginn).  General,  —  Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  28.  Meyer,  Kap.  16. 
O.  Pniower:  Dichtungen  und  Dichter,  58-78. 

(a)  GENESIS.   LITERARY  SOURCES.  'ERLEBTES.' —The  real 

Tasso.     Ferrara  and  Weimar.     Goethe  and  Tasso. 

Goethe's  early  knowledge  of  Tasso  and  his  "Jerusalem  Delivered"  (cf.  "Wilhelm 
Meisters  Theatralische  Sendung,"  Buch  I,  Kap.  9:  "Lehrjahre,"  Buch  I,  Kap. 
7).  Torquato  Tasso's  career.  His  stay  at  Ferrara.  Departure  and  later  experi- 
ences.—  Goethe's  "Torquato  Tasso"  begun  (1780).  Earlier  form.  His  interest 
in  the  subject.  Explanation.  Relation  to  Goethe's  experiences  at  Weimar. 
Progress  of  the  work  (cf.  letters  to  Erau  von  Stein).  Interruption.  Change 
of  plan.  Completion.  —  Goethe's  sources,  Manso  and  Serassi,  and  his  use  oi 
them.  Relation  of  persons  and  events  in  the  drama  to  those  at  Ferrara  and 
at   Weimar,    respectively.  —  Publication   and    reception. 

Briefe:  Stein,  Register,  2.  305;  3.  307.  Graf,  II.  4.  p.  288-362.  SchaufF- 
ler,  p.  366-72.  Eckermann:  Gesprache,  Register,  Bd.  3. 
Thomas,  Introd.  v-xl.  Coar,  Introd.  p.  ix-xlvi.  Encyclop. 
Brit.,  biogr.  sketch  of  Tasso  by  J,  A.  Symonds.  Leigh  Hunt: 
Stories  from  the  Italian  Poets.  II.  289-339.  Goedeke:  Goethes 
Leben,  255-60.  W.  Biichner:  Selbsterlebtes  in  Goethes  Tasso. 
G-J  15.  178-86.  Morris:  Goethe-Studien,  LI.  22-27.  Braun:  Goethe 
im  Urtheile,  II.  77-78,  85-94. 

(b)  PLOT  AND  CHARACTERS.   THEME  AND  IMPORT.— 

The  question  of  Goethe's  change  of  plan  and  its  effect.  Rela- 
tion of  Tasso  and  Antonio.  Estimate  of  their  characters 
and  its  bearing  upon  the  import  of  the  drama. 


«  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

Analysis  of  plot  and  structure.  The  setting.  The  characters  and  Tasso's 
relation  to  them.  The  theory  of  a  radical  change  in  plot  and  import,  and  its 
significance  (cf.  Hettner,  Fischer,  Kern).  Alleged  evidences.  Denial  of 
inconsistency  (cf.  Thomas,  Kern).  —  Tasso,  his  virtues  and  his  faults.  The 
estimate  of  him  by  other  characters.-  Tasso  and  Antonio.  Contrast  and  conflict. 
Poet  vs.  man  of  affairs.  Who  at  fault?  Antonio's  conduct  and  character;  how 
interpreted  (cf.  Bielschowsky,  Luther,  Thomas)  ?  Goethe's  sympathy  with  T. 
or  A.?  Did  it  change  (Hettner.  Thomas)?  Goethe's  relation  to  these  characters. 
1780-90.  —  Import  of  the  closing  scene.  "Tasso"  a  'Schauspiel'  or  a  'Traiier- 
spiel'? 

Bielschowsky,  I.  Kap.  28.  Thomas,  Introd.  p.  xl-lxi.  Kuno 
Fischer:  Goethe's  Tasso,  Kap.  5,  10,  15,  16.  Kern:  Goethes  Tasso 
und  Kuno  Fischer,  p.  1-32,  66-72.  Hettner,  III.  III.  2.  p.  72-83. 
Luther:  Goethe,  106-138.  Schrempf:  Goethe,  II.  240-74.  Ecker- 
mann:  Gesprache,  Register,  Bd.  3. 

*"FAUST.     Ein  Fragment"  (1790).  — See  Topic  28. 

19.  GOETHE  AND  THE  FRENCH  REVOLUTION.  'POLITICAL 
DRAMAS.'  —  Goethe's  participation:  "Kampagne  in  Frank- 
reich."  Attitude  towards  the  Revolution.  Themes  and  import 
of  his  'Revolutionsdramen.' 

"DER  GROSS-KOPHTA"  (1792).  "DER  BUERGERGENERAL" 

(1793).    "DIE  AUFGEREGTEN"  (fragment,  1793?). 

W   17.    17-308;   18.    1-76.     H   10.    117-290.     J  9.    1-144;   15.    70-119. 

DNL  10.     147-330.    C  8.    1-162. 

"Das  Madchenvon  Oberkirch"  (fragment,  1795-96).— W  18.  77-92. 

J  15.   120-29. 

Cursory  examination  of  "Der  Gross-Kophta"  (equal  in  length  to 

other   three),    careful    study    of    others,    especially    of   "Die    Auf- 

geregten." 

Effects  of  the  French  Revolution  in  Germany.  Attitude  of  the  German  princes. 
Revolutionists  declare  war.  Karl  August's  participation.  The  campaign.  Goethe 
in  the  field.  At  Valmy.  His  impressions.  His  visit  at  Frankfurt.  —  Goethe's 
attitude;  how  explained.  "Der  Gross-Kophta,"  a  picture  of  the  French  aris- 
tocracy. Cagliostro  and  the  Diamond  Necklace.  Goethe's  treatment  of  the 
material.  "Der  Biirgergeneral,"  a  satire  on  revolutionary  sentiments  of  the 
bourgeoisie.  Sources  and  adaptation  of  material.  "Die  Aufgeregten,"  Goethe's 
solution  of  the  problem.  Significance  of  incidents  and  characters.  —  First  pub- 
lication of  "Das  Madchen  von  Oberkirch"  (189S).  Probable  plan  and  import. — 
General  character  of  these  dramas.    Reception. 

Briefe:  Stein,  Register,  3.  307.  Eckermann:  Gesprache,  Register, 
Bd.  3,  s.  V.  "Biirgergeneral"  and  "Aufgeregten"  (esp.  Band  3,  Jan. 
4,  1824). 

Graf,  II.  1.  p.  4-49,  55-70;  II.  3.  124-47.  Schauffler,  377-83.  391  93. 
Goethe:  "Unterhaltungen  deutscher  Ausgewanderten"  (1793  95), 
c.  first  ten  pages,  to  departure  of  the  Geheimrat.  W  18.  93f.  H  16. 
5f.  J  16.  165-176.  DNL  14.  31f.  C  15.  135f.  "Hermann  und 
Dorothea."  6.  Gesang,  1-80;  9.  Gesang,  249-318.  W  50.  H  2. 
J  6.   DNL  5.   C  5. 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  « 

Bielschowsky,  11.  26-50.  E.  Dowden.  Pub.  of  English  Goethe 
Society,  \'.  1-27.  SchoU,  402-67.  For  the  dramas  cf.  notes  in  J. 
Goed'Cke:  Goethes  Leben,  290-303.  G.  Kettner:  Goethes  "Natiir- 
liche  Tochter,"  p.  1-14.  E.  Sauer:  Jahrb.  d.  F.  D.  H.  1913.  173-98. 
M.  Wundt:  Goethes  VVilhelm  Meister,  p.  307-311.  Braun:  Goethe 
im  Urtheile,  II.  106-110;  181-193.  On  "Das  Madchen  v.  O."  cf. 
Gustav  Roethe,  in  "Nachrichten  der  Gottinger  Gesellschaft  der 
Wissenschaften,"  1895,492-514.  Schmidt:  Charakt.  2.  Reihe,  185-94. 

20.  "DAS  MAERCHEN"  (1795).— Analysis  and  interpretation.  Import. 

VV  18.  225-73.  H  16.  103-32.  J  16.  266-3'J4.  DNL  14.  118-52.  C  15. 
211-40.  —  Edited    (for   elementary   students)    by   Eggert    (Heath). 

Coinposilion.  Setting  in  "Die  Unterhaltungen  deutscher  Ausgewanderten"  (cf. 
Topic  19>.  Content.  The  action  and  tlie  'actors.'  —  Theories  of  interpretation, 
contemporary  and  subsequent.  A  national  political  allegory  (Bielschowsky;? 
A  local  masque  (Morris)?  A  mere  play  of  fancy  (Goedeke,  Diintzcr)  ?  Goethe's 
own  utterances. 

Graf,  I.  316  61,  passim.    Schauffler,  399-411. 

F.  Meyer  von  Waldeck:  Goethes  Marchendichtung  (Heidelberg, 
1879).  Bielschowsky,  II.  50-54.  Goedeke:  Goethes  Leben,  305  308. 
Morris:  Goethe-Studien,  II.  29-73.  Diintzer:  Erlauterungen  zu  den 
deut.  Klassikern,  Hd.  58.  Elise  Elosser.  Euphorion,  13.  58-71. 
P.  Pochhammer.  G-j  25.  116-27.  Schiller:  Brief  an  Goethe,  Auu-. 
29,  1795  (Briefw.,  Cotta  ed.  Bd.  1.  p.  109).   J.  Wahle.    G-J  25.  37f. 

21.-REINEKE   FUCHS."    In  zwolf   Gesangen  (1794). 

VV  SO.  1-186.  H  5.  21-172.  J  6.  1-154.  DNL  5.  179-325.  C  5.  91-214. 
—  Cantos  1-5  edited,  with  introduction,  notes  and  bibliography  (cf. 
p.  xvii-xix  by  Holman   (Holt). 

Origin  and  development  of  the  beast-epic.  Low  and  High  German  versions. 
Gottsched's  version,  Goethe's  source.  Goethe's  rendering.  Circumstances  of 
composition.  Metrical  form.  Action  and  'Characters'  of  the  poem.  Personiti- 
cation  and  individualization  of  the  animals.  Typical  characteristics.  The  element 
of  political  satire.    Its  application.    Reception  of  Goethe's  poem. 

Briefe:  Stein,  Register,  4.  307.  Graf,  1.  p.  248  7H.  H.  Schreyer, 
introd.  and  commentary,  J  6.  vi-xi-v,  260-67.  Bielschowsky,  11.  122. 
Goedeke:  Goethes  Leljen,  308-11.  Meyer,  Kap.  17  (last  3  pp.). 
Braun:  Goethe  im  Urtheile,  II.  199-220. 

22.  GOETHE    AND    SCHILLER.  — Their    relations,    personal    and 
literary.    Correspondence.    Mutual  influence;   its  nature  and  sig 
nificance. 

Goethe  at  Stuttgart,  1779.  Their  meeting  in  Sept.  1788.  Schiller's  impressions 
(cf.  letters  to  Korner).  Explanation  of  Goethe's  attitude.  His  action  in  Schiller's 
behalf.  Beginning  of  their  friendship,  1794.  Schiller's  approach  and  Goethe's 
res[)onse.  Goethe's  isolation.  Mutual  interest  and  counsel.  —  Joint  labors 
"Die  Horen."  "Xenlen."  Character  of  the  epigrams.  Joint  authorship. 
Goethe's  contribution  to  the  'Balladenjahr.' — Writiniis  of  Goethe  discussed  in 
the  correspondence,  esp.  "Wilhelm  Meister"  and  "I'aust."  Characteristics  of 
their  correspondence.  Personal  relations.  Goethe  with  Schiller  at  Jena.  Schiller's 
removal  to  Weimar,   1799.    Goethe's  interest  in  his  dramas.    Joint  directors  of 


50  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

the  \\'eimar  Theater.  Schiller's  Berlin  plans.  Goethe's  intervention,  Schiller's 
death.  May  9,  1805.  Goethe's  tribute  ("Epilog").  His  later  estimates  of 
Schiller. 

Briefe:  "Vom  tatigen  Leben,"  letters  of  Goethe  and  Schiller  (see 
index,  p.  416).  J.  G.  Robertson:  Correspondence  of  Goethe  and 
Schiller.  Selections,  ed.  with  introd.  (Ginn).  Complete  ed.  by 
Franz  Muncker.  Cotta,  Weltlit.  4  Bde.  Eckermann:  Gesprache, 
Register,  s.  v.  Schiller.  Goethe:  Ferneres  in  Bezug  auf  mein  Ver- 
haltnis  zu  Schiller.  H  27.  3C9-13.  J  30.  388-93.  —  Goethe:  Epilog 
zu  Schillers  "Lied  von  der  Glocke."  H  1.  136-39.  J  1.  282-85. 
Goebel:  Goethe's  Poems,  129-33.  Cf.  H.  Diintzer.  Zeitschrift  fiir 
deutsche  Philologie,  26.  p.  81-105.  Braun:  Goethe  im  Urtheile, 
U.S.W.,  III.  111-12.  Schiller:  Briefe  an  Korner,  12.  Sept.,  15.  Dec, 
1788;  2.  Feb.,  9.  Marz,  1789.  An  Karoline  von  Wolzogen,  5.  Feb., 
1789.  Feuertrunken,  p.  420 fif.Schauffler,  411-16.  "Xenien":  Goethe's, 
DNL  3.  ii.  155-174.  Goethe's  and  Schiller's,  complete,  J  4.  156-90 
Critical  ed.  with  Commentary,  by  B.  Suphan,  Schriften  der  Goethe 
Gesellschaft,  Bd.  8  (1893).  E.  Boas:  Goethe  und  Schiller  im 
Xenienkampf  (1851).  Cf.  Braun:  Schiller  im  Urtheile  seiner  Zeit- 
genossen,  11.196-225,259-71.  Goethe's  Ballads  of  1797:  Der  Zauber- 
lehrling.  Die  Braut  von  Korinth,  Der  Gott  und  die  Bajadere.  H  1. 
263-74.  J  1.  140-53.— Alexis  und  Dora  (1796).  H  2.  37-41.  J  1. 
173-79.    Goebel,  65. 

Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  5.  Geiger:  Goethe,  Kap.  12.  Grimm,  18. 
Vorlesung  (last  5  pp.),  19-22.  Vorlesung,  passim.  Meyer,  Kap.  18. 
Hettner,  III.  III.  2.  p.  195-207.  Riemer:  Mittheilungen  uber 
Goethe,  I.  454-65;  II.  339-46.  H.  von  Stein:  Goethe  und  Schiller, 
p.  6-16,  53-66.  B.  Suphan,  G-J  26.*  1-22.  D.  Jacoby,  G-J  3.  174-88. 
H.  Diintzer,  G-J  2.  168-89.  (Goethes  Bericht  iiber  seine  Ankniipfung 
mit  Schiller).  Th.  Vogel,  G-J  23.  99-115  (Zu  Goethes  Urtheilen 
iiber  Schiller). 

23.  "WILHELM  MEISTERS  LEHRJAHRE"  (1795-96). 

W  21-23.  H  17.  J  17,  18.  DNL  15.  i.  ii.  C  16.  17. 
General.  —  Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  6.  Geiger,  Kap.  15.  Meyer,  Kap. 
19.  H.  Diintzer:  Erlauterungen  zu  den  deut.  Klassik.  Bd.  4.  A.  W. 
und  K.  W.  F.  von  Schlegel:  Charakteristiken  und  Kritiken,  I. 
132-69.  Selected  bibliography  in  H.  Berendt:  Goethes  Wilhelm 
Meister  p.  vii-x. 

*(a)  GENESIS,  TO  1786.  "WILHELM  MEISTERS  THEATRALI- 
SCHE  SENDUNG." 
W  51,  52.  Separate  edition,  with  introduction,  by  Harry  Maync 
(Stuttgart  und  Berlin,  1911).  Gustav  Billeter:  "Wilhelm  Meisters 
Theatralische  Sendung."  Mitteilungen  iiber  die  wiedergefundene 
erste  Fassung  von  "Wilhelm  Meisters  Lehrjahren"  (Ziirich,  1910, 
shortly  after  discovery).  Contains  selections,  chiefly  from  Books 
1  and  2. 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  61 

Beginning  of  "Wilhelm  Meister,"  1777  (or  earlier?).  Initial  impulse  and 
intention.  To  be  a  'Theaterroman.'  Relation  to  Goethe's  experience  and  ideals. 
Shakespeare  influence.  Progress  of  the  work.  The  Ms.  sent  to  Frankfurt  and 
Zurich.  Books  1-6  completed  before  Italian  Journey.  Subsequent  revision. 
Books  1-0  of  ■■Theairalische  ijendung"  become  Books  1-4,  plus  chaps.  1-3  of 
Book  5,  of  "Lehrjahre."  Disappearance  of  original  Ms.  of  "Sendung."  Bil- 
leter's  discovery  of  the  copy,  Ziiricb,  Jan.  1910.  Description.  Goethe's  friend- 
ship with  Barbara  Schulthess.  —  Content  of  the  "Sendung",  with  note  of  prin- 
cipal variations  (esp.  in  Books  1  and  2)  from  corresponding  part  of  "Lehr- 
jahre."    Comparative  merit  of   the   two   versions. 

Briefe:  Stein,  Register,  2.  305;  3.  307.  Graf,  I.  2.  p.  696-743.  Schauff- 
ler,  417-20.  Eckermann:  Gesprache.  Register,  Bd.  3. 
Billeter,  Einleitung,  p.  v-vii,  1-19.  Maync,  Einleitung,  p.  vii-xxxix. 
H.  Berendt:  Goethes  Wilhelm  Meister,  Kap.  1,  2,  M.  Wundt: 
Goethes  W.  M.,  Kap.  3.  O.  Pniower:  Dichtungen  und  Dichter, 
p.  37-57.  B.  Suphan:  Goethe  und  Barbara  Schulthess.  G-J  13. 
149-62.     B.  Leltzmann,  Euphorion,  18.    764-65. 

(b)  CONTINUATION,  REVISION  AND  COMPLETION,  RE- 
CEPTION. —  Relation  of  the  "Lehrjahre"  to  the  "Theatra- 
lische  Sendung."  Former  hypotheses,  in  the  light  of  the 
'Zuricher  Fund'  (Jan.  1910). 

Beginning  of  Book  7  of  "Sendung."  Effect  of  Italian  Journey  on  progress  of 
the  work.  Resumption  in  1791.  Books  7-12  of  "Sendung"  to  be  planned. 
Another  pause.  Revision  decided  (1793)  and  begun.  Title  changed;  reason. 
General  treatment  of  "Sendung"  (=  Books  1-4  and  Book  5,  chaps.  1-3  of 
"Lehrjahre").  Continuation  of  Book  5;  probable  relation  to  Book  7  (lost)  of 
"Sendung."  New  matter.  Book  6  ('Bekenntnisse  einer  schonen  Seele') 
as  a  connecting  link  between  old  and  new  (Books  1-5  and  7-8,  resp.).  Source 
and  significance  of  the  "Confessions."  Original  of  the  'Schone  Seele.'  Goethe  » 
addition  to  her  Memoirs  (cf.  Bielschowsky).  Her  connection  with  the  stor> . 
Content  and  new  elements  of  Books  7  and  8.  Unravelling  of  the  plot.  Incon- 
sistencies. The  mystic  element.  Its  origin.  Schiller's  interest  and  influence 
(cf.  letters). — Earlier  theories  as  to  Goethe's  change  of  plan  (esp.  Eugen 
Wolff's)  and  how  affected  by  discovery  of  the  "Theatralische  Sendung"  (cf. 
Berendt,   Kap.   3). 

Briefe:  Stein,  Register,  3.  307;  4.  307.  Eckermann:  Gesprache,  IJ. 
23.  Marz,  1829.  Graf,  I.  2.  p.  723-879.  Schauffler,  421-28.  Schiller's 
crit.  of  "Wilhelm  Meister":  Briefwechsel  zw.  Schiller  und  Goethe, 
cf.  Reg.  Band  4,  p.  242.  Cf.  O.  Plath.  Modern  Language  Notes, 
\'ol.  xxxi.  p.  257-67  (May,  1916). 

Maync,  Einleitung,  p.  vii-xxxix.  J.  Minor:  Anfiinge  des  W.  M. 
G-J  9.  163-87.  Eugen  Wolff:  Mignon  (Miinchen.  1909).  Kap.  1-5.  7, 
10-12.  H.  Berendt:  Goethes  W.  M.  Kap.  3-6.  M.  Wundt:  Goethes 
W.  M.  Kap.  4,  passim.  H.  Dechent:  Goethes  Schone  Seele  u.s.w. 
(Gotha,  1896).  J.  M.  Lappenberg:  S.  K.  von  Klettenberg.  Reliquien, 
nebst  Erlauterungen  u.s.w.  (Hamburg,  1849).  Cf.  Loeper's  ed.  of 
Dichtung  und  Wahrheit,  H  23.  Reg.  p.  320.  Braun:  Goethe  tm 
Urtheile  u.s.w.  II.  162-66,  174-80,  221-35,  238-44,  267-77.  284-303, 
366-76;  HI.   137-42. 


52  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

(c)  THE   CHARACTER   AND    CAREER  OF  WILHELM    MEI- 

STER.  —  Import  of  the  work  as  a  'Bildungsroman.' 
Text  of  "Lehrjahre."    Billeter's  selections  from  Books  1  and  2  of 
"Theatralische  Sendung." 

Wilhelm's  'Mission',  original  and  modified.  'Erlebtes':  wherein  Goethe's  "gelieb- 
tes  Ebenbild"?  Wilhelm  as  playwright,  critic,  actor  and  manager.  His  ideal 
of  a  National  Theater.  His  Shakespeare  study.  The  "Confessions." — Wilhelm's 
disillusionment.  His  changed  ideal.  New  experiences  and  their  effect. — Wil- 
helm's humanity.  His  virtues  and  failings.  Lover,  friend,  father.  His  self- 
culture;  means  and  aim.  Wilhelm  and  Werner  compared  in  character  and 
development.  Significance  of  the  contrast.  The  import  of  Wilhelm's  career. — 
(To  include  a  critical  analysis  of  the  hero's  acts,  utterances  and  relations  to 
other  characters,  based  mainly  on  a  first-hand  study  of  the  "Lehrjahre."  For 
relation  to  Goethe's  life  and  character,  cf.  Bielschowsky,   Meyer  and  Graf.) 

R.  M.  Meyer:  W.  M.'s  Lehrjahre  und  der  Kampf  gegen  den 
Dilettantismus.    Euphorion,  2.  529-38. 

(d)  THE  OTHER  CHARACTERS  AND  THEIR  RELATION 

TO  WILHELM.  — Mignon  and  the  Harper.  The  Women: 
Marianne,  Philine,  Aurelie;  Countess,  Therese,  Natalie.  Die 
schone  Seele.  The  Men:  Melina,  Laertes,  Serlo;  Jarno, 
Lothario.    Minor  characters. 

The  portraits  in  "Wilhelm  Meister."  How  delineated.  Individualization. 
Satellites  of  Wilhelm.  Their  influence  on  him.  Mignon's  relation  to  Wilhelm. 
Interpretation  of  her  character  and  her  function  in  the  novel.  The  pathological 
element.  Her  parentage.  Hypotheses  concerning  her  (cf.  Wolff  and  Berendt). 
Her  end.  —  The  Harper's  role.  The  contrast  with  his  environment.  His  mad- 
ness. Discovery  of  his  past.  An  interpolation?  Import  of  his  and  Mignon's 
fate.  Their  contribution  to  Wilhelm's  development. — Contrasting  types  of  the 
'Theaterwelt':  Marianne,  Philine,  Aurelie;  of  the  'vornehme  Welt':  Countess, 
Natalie.  Therese,  'the  new  woman.'  Character  and  history  of  "die  schone 
Seele."  The  function  of  her  "Confessions"  in  the  novel. — Men  of  the  theater: 
Melina,  Laertes,  Serlo;  of  the  world:  Jarno,  Lothario.  —  The  Society  of  the 
Tower.    Its  agents,  means  and  ends. 

Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  6,  passim.  E.  Wolff:  Mignon,  Kap.  S-9,  11. 
H.  Berendt:  Goethes  W.  M..  Kap.  3.  M.  Wundt:  Goethes  VV.  M., 
Kap.  4.    Dechent,  Lappenberg,  cf.  Topic   (b).    Mobius,  I.  93-107. 

*(e)  "WILHELM  MEISTER"  AS  A  'THEATERROMAN.'  — A 
chapter  from  the  history  of  the  German  Stage.  —  Dramatic 
criticism.    Shakespeare. 

Text  of  "Lehrjahre,"  with  use  of  relevant  material  in  Books  1  and 

2  of  the  "Theatralische  Sendung." 

Wilhelm's  early  dramatic  ideals.  The  French  classical  drama.  His  first  attempt 
(cf.  "Sendung,"  Bk.  2,  ch.  3-S).  Condition  of  the  German  theater.  Position 
of  actors.  Wandering  troupes.  Wilhelm  as  patron,  playwright,  actor  and 
manager.  His  problems.  Critic  of  actors  and  plays.  —  His  introduction  to 
Shakespeare.  New  ideals.  Study  and  criticism  of  "Hamlet."  The  production. 
■U'ilhelm  as  Hamlet.  Serlo  and  his  prototype,  Schioeoer  Brjjinnums  of  a 
national  theater.  Hamburg,  Leipzig,  Mannheim,  Weimar.  Goethe's  realization 
of  \\'ilhelm's  ideal. 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  53 

Berendt,  Kap.  1,  passim.  Wundt,  Kap.  2,  3,  passim.  Bohtlingk: 
Goethe  und  Shakespeare,  81-122.  C.  A.  Eggert.  Euphorion,  4. 
oUl-17.  R.  M.  Meyer.  Euphorion,  2.  529-38.  Georg  Brandes: 
William  Shakespeare,  p.  367,  379-82.  Gundolf,  315-21.  O.  Ludwig: 
\\  erke  (1891),  5.  203f.    C.  Tomlinson,  E.  G.  S.  Pub.  V.  67-82. 

24.  "HERMANN  UND  DOROTHEA"   (1797). 

VV  5U.  187-208.  H  2.  57-126.  J  6.  155-232.  DNL  5.  31-100.  C  5. 
1-70.  —  Edited,  with  introduction  and  notes,  by  W.  T.  Hewett 
(Heath);  with  introd.  notes  and  vocabulary,  by  C.  Thomas  (Holt). 

Genesis  and  sources.  Theme.  The  Salzburg  story.  Goethe's  change  of  tune 
and  place;  reasons.  Change  of  import;  significance. — The  characters  and  their 
prototypes.  Modifications  and  additions.  Influences  on  the  composition.  Reflec- 
tions of  Goethe's  experiences  and  sympathies.  Dorothea  and  Lili  Schonemann 
(cf.  Bielschowsky).  Goethe's  information.  His  glimpse  of  war.  —  Reminis- 
cences of  Goethe's  youth.  Son  and  parents.  —  The  locus  of  Goethe's  poem. 
Reasons  for  identification  with  I'oszneck.  Physical  and  personal  resemblances. 
—  Technique  of  the  poem.  Form  and  metre.  Treatment  of  the  heroic  hex- 
aniet£r;  effect.  Earlier  experiments:  Voss.  Style.  Homeric  influence.  Blend- 
ing of  antique  and  modern,  of  exotic  and  German.  Comparison  with  Goethe's 
earlier  productions  in  theme  and  form  ("Gotz"  and  "Iphigenie").  Reception 
and  place  among  Goethe's  works. — Some  resemblances  in  Longfellow's  "Evan- 
geline" to   "Hermann   und  Dorothea." 

Briefer  Stein,  Register,  4.  307.  Graf,  I.  p.  79-199.  SchaufHer,  430-35. 
Bielschowsky:  Friederike  und  Lili,  p.  153-93.  Idem:  Goethe,  H. 
Kap.  7.  Viktor  Hehn:  Goethes  Hermann  und  Dorothea  (1893). 
Meyer,  Kap.  20,  passim.  Hettner,  III.  111.  2.  p.  2U9-15.  C.  J. 
Kullmer:  Poszneck  und  Hermann  und  Dorothea  (Heidelberg, 
191U).    Braun:  Goethe  im  Urtheile  u.s.w.,  II.  252-66,  306-12,  328-30. 

25.  STUDIES  AND  WRITINGS  IN  NATURAL  SCIENCE. 

W  2te  Abteilung.  13  Bande.  Selections:  H  33-36.  J  39-40.  DNL 
33-36.  ii.  C  32-35.  Required  readings:  J  39,  the  following  selections 
(see  Inhalt,  p.  382):  I.  Zur  Natur-  und  Wissenschaftslehre.  Nos. 
1,  9,  13.  II.  Zur  Zoologie.  Nos.  3,  5,  7.  III.  Zur  Botanik.  Nos.  1,  3 
J  40  (see  p.  375):  IV.  ZufcGeologie.  Nos.  1,2.  V.  Zur  Meteorologie. 
No.  3.  VI.  Zur  Farbenlehre.  Vorwort  und  Einleitung,  p.  61-77. 
Schlusswort,  p.  118-20.  —  For  the  foregoing  selections  from  J  may 
be  substituted  those  in  Erich  Schmidt's  six-volume  ed.  of  Goethes 
VVerke,  Band  6,  p.  431-83. 

Goethe's    early    scientific    interest     (anatomy,    physiognomy,     osteology,    etc.). 
Botanical    studies    before    and    after    Italian    Journey.       Practical    interest    in 
geology.     Fossils.     Optical    studies.     Theory    of   colors.  —  Goethe's    activity   as 
lecturer,  writer  and  patron.    Weather-stations  and  other  experiments. — Signifi- 
cance   of   Goethe's    scientific    studies   and    writings.     Relation    of   scientist   and 
poet.   Influence  on  his  philosophical  and  political  theories.   Goethe  and  Evolution. 
Max  Morris,  Einleitungen  in  J  39  and  40.    Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap. 
15  (by  S.  Kalischer,  editor  of  H  33-36).  Meyer,  Kap.  33.  Goedeke: 
Goethes  Leben.  278-90,  466-86.   O.  Harnack:  Goethe  in  der  Epoche 
seiner  Vollendung,  p.  93-145.    H.  S.  Chamberlain:  Goethe,  p.  242- 
322.   H.  Helmholtz:  Ueber  Goethes  Naturwissenschaftliche  Arbei- 
ten.     Edited   by   Seidensticker   (Holt).   H.   F.   Osborn:   From   the 
Greeks  to  Darwin,  p.  181-187.     Thomas:  Goethe,  p.  197-214. 


54  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

26.  "DIE  NATUERLICHE  TOCHTER."    Trauerspiel  (1803).  — Gen- 
esis and  sources.  Plot  and  characters.  Continuation.   Import. 
W   10.    245-383.    H   10.    19-116.    J    12.    221-348.    DNL  9.    277-389. 
C  11.   177-272. 

The  source:  "Memoires  historiques  de  Stephanie-Louise  de  Bourbon-Conti, 
ecrits  par  elle-meme"  (Paris,  1798).  Contemporary  and  present  estimate  of 
credibility.  The  persons  and  incidents  discussed.  Goethe's  interest  in  the 
Memoirs.  Composition  of  his  drama.  Use  of  material.  Critical  analysis  of 
plot  and  characters.  Form  and  style.  Strong  and  weak  elements.  The  heroine. 
Her  relation  to  her  prototype.  —  Continuation  of  the  trilogy;  notes  and  outlines. 
Probable  course  and  outcome  of  the  action.  Political  import.  Relation  to 
Goethe's   other   writings   of   the    period.     Reception. 

Briefe:  Stein,  Register,  5.  311.  Graf,  II.  3.  p.  513-61.  Schauffler, 
360-64.  G.  Kettner:  Goethes  Drama,  Die  Natiirliche  Tochter. 
(Berlin,  1912).  Bielschowsky,  II.  p.  54-67.  Meyer,  Kap.  23,  passim. 
H.  Diintzer:  Zur  Goethe-Forschung,  p.  143-52.  Franz  Kern:  Kleine 
Schriften,  Bd.  II.  p.  63-73.  Braun:  Goethe  im  Urtheile  u.s.w.  111. 
27f,  39f,  42-45,  63-68,  72-75,  79-83,  97-99. 

*27.  HELLENIC  THEMES:    "Achilleis,"  "Nausikaa."    "Pandora."— 
Epic  and  drama.  Sources,  plots  and  characters.   Import. 
"ACHILLEIS."  ErsterGesang  (1798).— W  50.  269-94.  H  5.  195-223. 
J    6.   233-56.    DNL  6.    123-47.    C  5.    71-90. 

Subject  of  the  epic.  Relation  to  the  "Iliad."  The  complete  First  Canto.  Dis- 
tinctive features.    Characterization.    Plans  for  continuation  (Cantos  2-8). 

Graf,  I.  1-33.  Schauffler,  448-51.  Morris:  Goethe-Studien,  II.  129-73. 
Franz  Kern:  Kleine  Schriften,  II.  1-25.  Braun:  Goethe  im  Urtheile 
u.s.w.  III.  162f. 

"NAUSIKAA"  (fragment,  1787).  — W  10.  95-102,  410-23.  H  10. 
533-48.   J.  15.    63-69.    DNL  10.    81-90.    C  13.   254-60. 

Goethe's  earlier  Homeric  studies.  In  Italy  and  Sicily.  Ulysses  among  the 
Phxacians  ("Odyssey,"  Books  vi,  vii,  xiii  passim).  Earlier  and  later  plans. 
Treatment  of  the  legend.    The  tragic  motif. 

Graf,  II.  3.  p.  562-74.  Schauffler,  326-33.  G.  Kettner:  Goethes 
Nausikaa  (Berlin,  1912).  Morris:  G-J  25.  109f.  W.  Scherer:  Auf- 
satze  iiber  Goethe,  175f. 

"PANDORA."  Ein  Festspiel  (fragment,  1808).  — W  50.  295-344. 
H  10.   337-84.  J  15.    140-78.    DNL  10.   99-146.   C  12.   43-78. 

The  myth  of  Epimetheus  and  Prometheus.  Goethe's  treatment.  "Pandorens 
Wiederkunft."    The  cypsele.    Symbolism.    Goethe's  'Confession.' 

Briefe:  Stein,  Register,  6.  ZZZ.  Graf,  II.  4.  p.  21-57.  Schauffler,  492-96. 
Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  11.  Meyer,  Kap.  25.  Morris:  Goethe- 
Studien,  I.  249-91.  O.  Harnack:  Essais  und  Studien.  99-118. 
W.  Scherer:  Aufsatze,  264f.  A.  SchoU:  Goethe  in  Hauptziigen 
u.s.w.,  418-61.  U.  von  Wilamowitz-Mollendorff.  G-J  19.  p.  *1-21. 
Braun:  Goethe,  III.  262-65. 


U:  'URFAUST'.  1773(?)-7S 
1441    verses,  318  lines  pi 
(E.  Schmidt's  ed.) 


F:  FRAGMENT.  1790 


A:  COMPLETED  1st  PART,  1808 
4612   verses.   59    lines   prose 
(C.  Thomas'  ed  ) 


Introd.  to  Parts  I  and  II.  1797 


1.  Nacht 

(=A  JS4-597.  602-1 

I'Die   grossc    Loc 

=  A  606-1867) 

2.  Mephtst.  Student 

J3J.ll4  =  A  1896-'J7 

J41-;i94=A  1910.6.1 
395-444  =  A  2001-50 

3.  Aucrbachs  Keller 

plus  210  lines  prose  an. 


249-551 

F,    M.   249-346  =  A    1770-1867 

Meph.   Stud. 347-529 

Fawst.   Meph 530-551 


1  Thor 808-1177 


-  Meph-    Student. 1868-2050 
Faust.  Meph. ...2051-2072 


,.445-452      3.  Auerbachs    Keller 552-815  =  5,  Aucrbachs  Keller.. 


,  Str; 


(Italy,  171 


(— 667-68=F  and  A) 


Spatiiergang 1268-1327  =  9.   Spaziergang 

.  Der  Nachbarin  Haus       ,1328-1487  =  10.  Der  Nachbarin 

,  Strasse  11 1488-1535=11,  Strasse  II 

(  =  U.  plus  3046-47) 

(  =  F.'plu's  jiiii-si) 

"  ''•"  ' ,  ;i',  i-'idss) 
,"  =  u'i 


,  Garten 1536-1664      12,  Gart 

.  Cirtenhiuschen 1665-1676=1,1    Gar. 


2605-2677 
2678-2304 
2805-2864 

1865-3024 
3025-3072 
1 
3073-3204 

3205-3216 

3217-3373 


12.  Gretgens  Stube 1066-1105  =  12,  Grelchens  Stuhc 1677-1716 

"    •■      ■  "  Marthens  Garten 1717-1846 

,  1847-1889 


13,  Marthens  Garten 1106-1235  =  13.  Marthen: 

14  Am   Drunnen 1236-1277=14 

I   15.  Wald  und  HiShle 1890-2046  I 

-  -      14)  I 

2047-2079=1 


3544-3586 
.  .3587-3619 


,  Dom.  Exequien 

der  Mutt 
llixplai 


1311-1371 
It  F  and  A) 


,  Faust.  Mcphist |398-143S 

(1398-1407  =  A  3650-59. 


3650-59  =U  1398-1407) 

21.  Walpurgi 

'""0797)" 

Tag pre 

(=  U,  Sc.  19) 


3835-4222 
4223-4398 


25.  Kerker 4405-4612 


SECOND  SERIES-  GOETHE  65 

♦28.  "FAUST.     ERSTER  TEIL"  (finished  1806,  published  1808). 

Text.— \V  14.  H  12.  J  13.  1-202.  DNL  12.  i.  C  10.  13-160.— Edited, 
with  critical  introduction  and  notes  (Hnglish),  by  Calvin  Thomas 
(Heath)  and  by  Julius  Goebel  (Holt).  With  German  introd.  and 
notes  by  G.  Loeper  (2.  Bearbeitung.  Berlin,  1879.  Revision  of 
H  12);  K.  J.  Schroer  (5.  Auilage,  Leipzig,  1907);  G.  Witkowski 
(Leipzig),  including  complete  text  of  "Urfaust".  Text  of  Urfaust, 
Fragment  and  Erster  Tail  in  parallel  columns,  ed.  by  Hans  Lebede: 
Faust  Synoptisch  (Berlin,  1912). — The  complete  text  of  Part  First 
to  be  studied  for  all  essays  under  this  topic. 

Commentaries.  Genesis  and  interpretation.  —  Graf:  Goethe  iiber 
seine  Dichtungen,  II.  2.  Otto  Pniower:  Goethes  Faust.  Zeugnisse 
und  Excurse  zu  seiner  Entstehungsgeschichte  (very  useful). 
SchaufHer,  485-92.  Eckermann:  Gesprache  mit  Goethe,  Register, 
Band  ill.  F.  Strehlke:  Faust  Paralipomena  (chips  from  Goethe's 
\Aorkshop).  Jakob  Minor:  Goethes  Faust.  Entstehungsgeschichte 
und  Erkliirung.  2  Bande  (Part  I  only.  Valuable).  Ernst  Trau- 
mann:  Goethes  Faust.  Nach  Entstehung  und  Inhalt  erkliirt.  Bd.  I. 
H.  Baumgart:  Goethes  Faust  als  einheitliche  Dichtung  erklart. 
Band  I.  Veit  Valentin:  Goethes  Faustdichtung.  Kuno  Fischer: 
Goethes  Faust.    Bd.  2. 

Elementary.  —  H.  H.  Boyesen:  Faust  Commentary  (in  "Goethe 
and  Schiller").  Brief  exposition,  without  relation  to  genesis; 
inadequate.  W.  C.  Coupland:  The  Spirit  of  Goethe's  Faust  (good 
'popular'  lectures). —  Early  commentaries,  in  the  main  superseded; 
—  H.  Diintzer:  Goethes  Faust,  erliiutert.  2  Bde.  1850.  J.  A.  Hart- 
ung:  Ungelehrte  Erklarung  des  Goethe'schen  Faust  (Parts  I  and 
11).  1855.  —  English  translations.  —  Verse:  Bayard  Taylor  (1879), 
Anna  Swanwick  (1850,  1878).  Prose  (Part  I  only):  A.  Hayward, 
ed.  by  C.  A.  Buchheiin.  —  Bibliography.  —  For  selected  general 
bibliography,  see  Thomas's  ed..  Vol.  I,  Appendix  I.  Witkowski's 
ed.  II.   181-88.— General:  Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  19.  Meyer,  Kap.  24. 

•(a)   GENESIS  OF  "FAUST",  PART  FIRST.    Urfaust  (U).    Frag- 
ment   (F).      Der  Tragodie   Erster  Teil    (A). 

NOTK.  —  The  gene.sis  of  U,  F  and  A  may  be  treated  as  one  topic  or,  in 
conibinatiou  with  critical  analysis  of  content  and  of  relation  of  the  respective 
form  to  tlie  other  two,  as  three  separate  tojiics.  The  complete  text  of  .^ 
and  the  variants  of  U  and  F  (see  Thomas's  ed.  .\ppcndix  II)  to  be  read  for 
any  essay  under  Topic  (a),  the  text  of  U  and  F  to  be  studied  for  subtopics 
i.  and  ii.  respectively.  For  tabular  survey  of  relation  of  U,  F  and  A,  sec 
opposite.    Graf.     II.   2.   p.- 22-32. 

i.  'URFAUST'  (1773P-75).  —  First  published  1887,  with  critical 
introduction  by  Erich  Schmidt:  Goethes  Faust  in  urspriinglicher 
Gestalt,  nach  der  Gochhausenschen  Abschrift  (5.  Abdruck.  Berlin, 
1901).  DjG  5.  360-445;  cf.  6.  530-49.  VV  39.  217-39.  J  13.  203-60. 
C  36.  119-88.  —  Edited  (see  above)  by  Witkowski,  with  commen- 
tary, and  by  Lebede,  text  of  U,  F  and  A  parallel.  For  editions  of 
A    (readnig  required)   see  above. 


56  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

Earliest  evidence  of  Goethe's  idea  of  a  Faust  drama.  Hypotheses  as  to  earliest 
scenes.  Records  of  Goethe's  progress  before  arrival  in  Weimar.  Subsequent 
allusions,  to  1788.  The  original  manuscript.  Theories  (esp.  Scherer's)  prior 
to  1887  as  to  form  and  content.  Discovery  of  the  Gochhausen  copy.  Its  origin, 
form  and  content.  The  complete  'Urfaust'  ? — Comparison  with  A.  Significance 
of  the  differences.  The  missing  portions.  Theories  as  to  original  plans  for 
completion.  —  Analysis.  The  two  groups  of  scenes:  Faust's  revolt;  Faust  and 
Gretchen.  Relation  of  each  to  Goethe's  experience.  Reasons  for  his  choice 
and  his  conception  of  the  Faust  theme.  Storm  and  Stress  motifs.  Gotz  — 
Werther  —  Faust. 

Erich  Schmidt's  edition  of  the  'Urfaust'  (see  above).  Einleitung. 
Thomas's  ed.  vol.  1,  p.  i-x,  xxiii-xliv.  Goebers  ed.  p.  xxvii-xlix. 
Witkowski's  ed.  Bd.  2,  p.  55-79.  Pniower:  Zeugnisse,  1769-1788. 
Cf.  Special-Register,  p.  304,  for  the  several  scenes.  Graf,  II.  2. 
p.  1-47.  Minor,  Bd.  1.  Commentary,  p.  1-241,  passim;  criticism, 
p.  242-80.  Traumann,  Bd.  1,  p.  32-98;  219-444,  passim.  J.  Collin: 
Goethes  Faust  in  seiner  altesten  Gestalt.  W.  Scherer:  Aus  Goethes 
Fruhzeit,  76-121.  Aufsatze  iiber  Goethe,  295-326.  J.  G.  Robertson: 
The  oldest  scenes  in  Goethe's  Faust.  Modern  Language  Notes, 
vol.  15,  No.  5  (May,  1900).  O.  Pniower:  Vierteljahrschrift  fur 
Literaturgeschichte,  2.  146-53,  4.  317-35.  R.  Kogel,  ditto,  2.  545-62. 
B.  Seuffert,  ditto,  4.  339-42.  Niejahr,  ditto,  5.  408-30.  Idem: 
Euphorion,  4.  272-87,  489-508.  Harnack,  Euphorion,  8.  681-85. 
A.  Luther:  Goethe,  33-70.   Morris:  Goethe-Studien.  L  1-12. 

ii.  "FAUST.    EIN  FRAGMENT"  (1790). 

First  edition,  Schriften  (1787-90),  7.  1-168.  Reprint,  ed.  B.  Seuffert. 
Deut.  Litteraturdenkmale  des  18.  und  19.  Jahrhund.  No.  5.  Lebede, 
text  of  U,  F  and  A  parallel.  —  The  reading  of  the  'Urfaust',  with 
Schmidt's  Einleitung  and  portions  of  Minor's  commentary  (see 
above)  also  required.    Study  of  the  text  of  A  prerequisite. 

Goethe's  plans  for  completion  of  "Faust"  in  Italy.  Resumption  of  work. 
Difficulties.  —  Comparison  with  'Urfaust.'  Revision  of  old  scenes  (Mephisto- 
pheles-Student,  Auerbach's  Keller)  in  content  and  form.  The  added  fragment 
of  'Studierzimmer  II'  (11.  1770-1867).  Two  new  scenes,  'Hexenkiiche'  and 
'Wald  und  Hohle.'  Their  content,  import  and  dramatic  function;  composition 
of  the  latter.  Political  and  literary  satire  in  the  'Hexenkiiche'.  —  Portions  of 
the  'Urfaust'  missing;  reasons.  —  Conclusion  of  the  Fragment.  Publication 
and   reception.     Schlegel's  criticism. 

Thomas's  ed.  L  p.  xliv-liv.  Witkowski's  ed.  II.  79-86.  Graf,  II. 
2.  p.  38-54.  Pniower:  Zeugnisse,  1786-91.  Minor,  I.  281-373.  Trau- 
mann, I.  99-134,  327-36,  376-83.  Henry  Wood:  Faust-Studien  (Ber- 
lin,  1912),  p.  55-87.    Braun:   Goethe,  II.  81f,  84f.    Niejahr,  cf.   i. 

iii.  "FAUST.    DER  TRAGOEDIE  ERSTER  TEIL"  (1808). 

Text.  —  For  editions  see  above,  under  general  topic-title.  Reading 
of  'Urfaust'  also  required. 

Resumption  of  work,  1797.  Schiller's  influence.  Goethe's  retrospect  in  'Zu- 
eignung.'  Changes  in  the  man  and  the  poet  in  the  quarter-century.  The 
'Vorspiel';  function  and  import.  Manager  and  poet;  the  latter's  office.  — 
'Prolog  im  Himmel':  significance  for  the  Faust  drama.  The  wager,  its  terms  and 
import. — ^Filling  of  "die  grosse  Liicke"  (11.  606-1769) : — 'Nacht,'  the  second  mon- 
olog  and  its  outcome.     .-X  new  motif. — 'Vor  dem  Tor'  and  the  sequel,  'Studierzim 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  67 

mer  I'.  Completion  of  the  compact-scene  ('Studierzimmer  IT)  and  union  with  the 
I'lagment  (at  1.  1769-70).  Theories  as  to  old  and  new  matter.  The  provenience  of 
Alephistopheles  and  the  modification  of  his  relation  to  Faust. — Completion  of  the 
Gretchen  Tragedy.  Changes  in  form  and  content  since  the  'Urfaust.'  The  changed 
conception  of  i'aust  and  Gretchen's  relation;  purpose  and  result  of  change.  "Wald 
'  und  Hohle'  in  !•"  and  A;  ground  and  effect  of  the  transposition. — Completion  of 

the  Valentin  scenes;  dramatic  purpose  and  effect.  Changed  premises  of  'Uom' 
scene.  The  seciuel  of  Valentin's  murder. — 'VValpurgisnacht':  dramatic  purpose 
and  symbolism;  poetry  and  satire.  Further  plans  (see  Paralipomena).  'Wal- 
purgisnachtstraum,'  an  extraneous  interpolation;  negligible.  —  The  revelation 
of  Gretchen's  peril  and  Faust's  return.  'Nacht.  Offen  Feld'  and  'Triiber 
Tag.'  Evidence  of  early  conception  of  latter  scene.  Its  form  and  import. 
Knd  of  the  Gretchen  Tragedy.  'Kerker'  in  U  and  A  compared.  Possible  end 
of  the  Faust  drama?  Why,  or  why  not?  —  Publication  and  reception  of 
"Der  Tragodie   Erster  Teil." 

Thomas's  ed.,  p.  liv-lxxiii.  Witkowski's  ed.  Bd.  II,  p.  86-97.  Eiu- 
leitung  in  editions  of  Loeper,  Schroer  and  Schmidt  (J  13),  passim. 
Graf,  il.  2.  p.  54-121.  Pniower:  Zeugnisse,  1790-1808.  Cf.  Special- 
Register,  p.  304.  Minor,  Band  II.  Traumann,  I.  134-219.  Strehlke: 
Paralipomena,  p.  25-43.  O.  Harnack,  Euphorion,  8.  681-85.  O.  Pni- 
ower, G-J  16.  142-78.  G.  Witkowski:  Die  VValpurgisnacht  im 
Ersten  Teil  von  Goethes  Faust.  Idem,  G-J  17.  122-37.  Braun: 
Goethe  im  Urtheile.   III.  157-60,  217-23.    Niejahr,  G-J  20.    155-96. 

*(b)  FAUST'S  REVOLT  AND  ITS  SEQUEL.  — Mephistopheles' 
Wager  with  the  Lord  and  Compact  with  Faust.  —  Critical  Analysis 
of  the  'Prolog  im  Himmel'  and  Part  First,  through  the  scene 
'Hexenkiiche'. 

Mephistopheles  in  Heaven.  His  wager.  The  Lord's  terms.  Their  respective 
estimates  of  Faust.  —  F'aust's  first  monolog.  His  resolve.  The  Earth  Spirit. 
Effect.  Faust  and  Wagner:  'Genie'  and  'Pedant.'  Source  and  significance  nfi 
the  contrast.  —  Faust's  second  monolog.  His  despair;  his  last  re='  >'■,  tlw 
Easter  dawn.  —  The  people's  holiday.  Faust  and  Nature.  His  i>n«'<^  jxils 
Wagner  as  foil.  Their  return;  their  companion. —  Faust's  changed  moW, 
His  new  undertaking.  The  poodle's  metamorphosis  and  identification.  His 
exit.  F'aust's  vision.  —  Mephisto's  return  ('Studierzimmer  II').  F'aust's  des- 
peration. His  curse.  The  bargain.  Definition  and  significance  of  Faust's  terms. 
Mephisto's  confidence.  His  monolog  (11.  1851-67) — Mephisto  as  student  adviser. 
Import  of  his  counsel.  Wherein  Goethe's  spokesman?  —  F'aust  leaves  his 
'Mauerloch.'  Mephisto's  first  offering  and  its  effect.  —  Preparation  for  new 
experiences.  Means  and  effect  of  Faust's  transformation.  Dramatic  purpose 
of  the  'Hexenkiiche.'  (The  foregoing  analysis  to  be  based  mainly  on  a  detailed 
study  of  the  acts  and  utterances  of  Faust  and  Mephisto.)  —  The  relation  of 
Faust's  revolt  to  Goethe's  inner  experience.  Storm  and  Stress  elements. 
Faust  and  Mephisto  as  Goethe's  spokesmen.  F'aust  vs.  Wagner.  Prototypes 
of  Mephisto;  points  of  resemblance.  Herder  and  Faust.  —  Reflections  of 
Goethe's  university  impressions.  Parallel  records  in  "Dichtung  und  V\'ahrheit." 
—  Time  and  place  of  the  action.    I'rom  what  deduced  ? 

Text  and  commentary,  ed.  Thomas,  Goebel,  Witkowski,  Schroer. 
Pniower:  Zeugnisse,  cf.  Special-kegister,  p.  304.  Minor,  Band  1 
und  II,  passim.  Traumann,  Bd.  I.  p.  204-336.  G.  Jacoby:  Herder 
als  Faust,  p.  10-43.  Dichtung  und  Wahrheit,  Buch  6  u.  10.  passim: 
H  21.  33f,  184.  J  23.  40f,  239f.  C  20.  225f,  374.  Morris:  Mephisto- 
pheles.   G-J  22.  150-91;  23.  139-76. 


58  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

*(c)  THE  GRETCHEN  TRAGEDY.  — Plot  and  Characters.  Place 
and  significance  in  Faust's  career. — Critical  Analysis  of  the  scenes 
"Strasse'  ("Mein  schones  Fraulein,  darf  ich  wagen")  to  'Kerker,' 
inclusive.    The  preparation,  'Hexenkiiche'. 

The  rejuvenated  Faust.  Meeting  with  Gretchen.  Effect  on  each.  Faust's  suit. 
Mephisto's  new  role.  Martha,  his  efficient  aide.  The  first  'Garten'  scene. 
Technic  of  contrast.  The  two  wooers  (Faust,  Martha).  —  Faust  in  retreat 
('Wald  und  Hohle').  His  thanksgiving  and  lament.  Mephisto's  wiles.  His 
success.  Purpose  of  the  scene.  Its  changed  premises  (as  compared  with  those 
of  the  Fragment). —  Gretchen's  longing.  Faust's  return.  The  'catechism' 
scene  ('Marthens  Garten').  Faust's  credo.  The  oracle.  The  confession.  The 
sequel.  —  Gretchen's  agony  of  guilt  ('Am  Brunnen,'  'Zwinger,'  'Dom').  Her 
brother.  Purpose  of  the  V'alentin  scenes;  of  his  murder.  —  Faust's  desertion. 
The  Walpurgisnacht  revels.  "Abgeschniackte  Zerstreuungen."  Faust's  awaken- 
ing and  wrath.  Mephisto's  defense.  —  Gretchen's  doom.  Faust's  attempt. 
Her  atonement.  —  Faust's  passion.  Mephisto's  error.  Faust's  conflict  and 
surrender.  —  'Erlebtes'  in  the  love-story.  Reminiscences  of  Sesenheim  and 
Wetzlar.  Faust's  credo  and  Goethe's.  Literary  influence  in  the  Gretchen 
tragedy.  Hamlet,  Ophelia,  Laertes  and  Faust,  Gretchen,  Valentin.  Mephisto's 
serenade. 

Text  and  commentary,  ed.  Thomas,  Goebel,  Witkowski,  Schroer. 
Pniower,  Minor,  as  above,  Topic  (b).  Traumann,  I.  336-444. 
A.  Kestner:  Goethe  und  Werther,  No.  1,  2.  Shakespeare:  "Ham- 
let", esp.  iv.  5,  V.  1,  2.  G.  Brandes:  William  Shakespeare,  p.  381-82, 
384.    Eckermann:  Gesprache,  Register,  s.  v.  Faust. 

*(d)  THE  HISTORICAL  FAUST.   THE  LEGEND.   THE  FAUST- 
BOOKS. —  Contemporary  import.  Faust  and  Luther. 

Contemporary  reports  of  L)r.  Faust  (lived  c.  1480-1540)  by  Tritheim,  Melanc- 
thon  and  others.  His  probable  identity,  his  career  and  end.  —  Origin  and 
growth  of  the  legend.  "Das  alteste  Faustbuch"  (1587).  Later  expansion 
DvCWidmann,  1599,  and  Pfitzer,  1674)  and  ultimate  abridgement  (Der  Christlich 
'  Meynende,  1725).  The  English  Faust-Uook  (before  1589)  and  I?allad.  —  Aim 
and  import  of  the  Faust-Book.  Lutheran  tendency.  Faust  and  Luther; 
resemblances  and  contrasts.  Cljronology.  Effect  on  the  legend.  E.  Wolff's 
theory  of  anti-Lutheran  tendency  of  Faustbuch.  A  parody  on  Luther(  ?)  — 
Goethe's  use  of  the  legend  in  Part  First.  The  compact  in  "Das  alteste  Faust- 
buch" and  in  Goethe's  "Faust."    His  acquaintance  with  the  Faustbuch. 

Text  of  "Das  alteste  Faustbuch"  (1587),  ed.  by  W.  Braune:  Neu- 
drucke  deut.  Lit'werke,  No.  7,  8  (1878).  Facsimile  ed.  by  W.  Sche- 
rer  (1884).  Text  of  Faustbuch  von  einem  Christlich  Meynenden 
(1525),  ed.  by  Szamatolski:  Deut.  Lit'denkmale  des  18.  u.  19.  Jahr- 
hund.  No.  7.  —  Alex.  Tille:  Die  Faustsplitter  in  der  Lit.  des  16. 
l)is  18.  Jahrhunderts,  nach  den  altesten  Quellen,  p.  1-13.  G.  Wit- 
kowski: Der  historische  Faust.  Deut.  Zeitschrift  fiir  Geschichts- 
wissenschaft.  Neue  Folge  I.  (1896-97)  298-350.  Oskar  Schade: 
Faust.  Voni  Ursprung  bis  zur  Verklarung  durch  Goethe,  p.  7-137. 
Carl  Kiesewetter:  Faust  in  der  Geschichte  und  Tradition,  p.  2-61. 
67-112,  passim.  Traumann,  1.  p.  1-23.  Kuno  Fischer:  Goethes 
Faust,  1.  Bd.  65-160.  Scheible:  Das  Kloster,  5.  Bd.  1-83.  H.Grimm: 
Die  Entstehung  des  Volksbuches  von  Dr.  Faust.  In  "Fiinf/ehn 
Essays."    Erich  Schmidt:  Charakteristiken,  p.  8-34.     W.  Scherer: 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  59 

Kleine  Schriften,  II.  42-50.    Goebel's  ed.  p.  xiii-xxvii.  Eugen  Wolff: 
Faust  und  Luther,  Kap.  1-6. 

*(e)  THE  FAUST  DRAMA  BEFORE  GOETHE.  —  Marlowe's 
"Dr.  Faustus"  (1589).  Volksschauspiel.  Puppenspiele.  Les- 
sing's    Faust-Fragment    (1759). 

"The  Famous  History  of  Doctor  Faustus"  (transl.  of  later  ed.  of  1587  Faiist- 
buch).  Christopher  Marlowe's  "Tragical  History  of  the  Life  and  Death  of 
Dr.  Faustus."  His  source,  the  English  Faust-l?ook.  Plot  and  characters  of 
Marlowe's  play.  His  conception  of  Faust's  character;  significance.  Probable 
contenijiorary  effect.  Mutilation  of  his  text.  —  English  players  in  Germany. 
Productions  of  "Faust"  in  17th  century.  Development  of  X'olksschauspiel. 
Its  probable  content.  Engel's  attempted  reconstruction  ( ?)  Faust  on  the  18th 
century  stage.  Evolution  of  the  Puiipenspiel.  Earlier  and  later  specimens. — 
The  fragment  of  Lessing's  Faust  and  his  plan.     Significance  of  his  conception. 

Text  of  English  Faust-Book  in  Thorns'  "Early  English  Prose 
Roinances",  vol.  III.  p.  163-300;  or  in  "Medieval  Tales"  (Morley's 
Universal  Library,  No.  18),  p.  175-287.  Text  of  Marlowe's  "Dr. 
Faustus",  ed.  with  introd.  by  W.  Wagner  (Longmans,  London 
Classics).  Text  of  the  Geisselbrecht,  Uhn,  Augsburg  (I)  and 
Strassburg  Puppenspiele,  in  Scheible's  "Kloster",  5.  Band,  p.  747- 
805,  818-883.  Doktor  Johannes  Faust.  Puppenspiel  in  vier  Auf- 
ziigen.  Hergestellt  von  Karl  Simrock.  A.  Bielschowsky:  Das 
Schwiegerlingsche  Puppenspiel  vom  Doktor  Faust  (with  parallel 
texts  and  critique).  Text  of  Lessing's  Faust  (in  Literaturbrief  17). 
R.  Petsch:  Lessings  Faustdichtung  (cf.  First  Series  of  Essays, 
Topic  11,  b).  —  Cursory  examination  of  Karl  Engel's  "Das 
Volksschauspiel  Doktor  Johann  Faust"  (cf.  Joh.  W.  Bruinier: 
Das  Engelsche  Volksschauspiel  ....  als  Falschung  erwiesen). 
W.  Creizenach:  Versuch  einer  Geschichte  des  Volksschauspiels 
vom  Dr.  Faust,  Kap.  1-3.  A.  Bielschowsky,  see  above.  C.  H.  Her- 
ford:  Literary  Relations  of  England  and  Germany  in  the  16th 
Century,  p.  185-203.  Schade:  Faust,  p.  138-226.  Traumann,  I. 
23-31.  Kuno  Fischer:  Goethes  Faust,  1.  Bd.  p.  161-200.  Idem: 
Lessing  als  Reformator,  1.  Bd.  p.  143-174.  Engel's  ed.  Biihnen- 
geschichte,  p.  27-141. 

*29."DIE     WAHLVERWANDTSCHAFTEN"     (1809).  —  Genesis. 
Minna   Herzlieb.      Bettina   Brentano.      Plot  and   Characters. 
Import.    Reception. 
W  20.    H  15.    J  21.    DNL  13.    171-418.    C  19. 

The  author's  original  intent.  What  changed  it.  Goethe  and  Minna  Herzlieb. 
The  record  of  his  experience.  —  Bettina.  Her  visit  to  Goethe.  Their  corre- 
spondence. —  "Sonette."  —  Plot  and  technic  of  the  story.  Use  of  letters  and 
diaries.  Scenic  background.  —  The  four  main  characters  and  their  prototypes. 
Goethe  and  Frau  von  Stein  again.  Nature  and  significance  of  the  conflicts 
and  the  issue.  The  psychological  element,  the  pathological,  the  supernatural. 
The  secondary  characters  and  their  function.  Mittler's  office.  —  Ethical  import 
of  the  novel.  Goethe's  purpose,  as  he  defined  it.  Contemporary  interpretation 
and  estimate. 


60  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

Brief e:  Stein,  Register,  6.  Zii;  7.  323.  Eckermann:  Gesprache, 
Register,  s.  v.  Schauffler,  499-504.  Graf,  I.  362-488.  Goethe:  Sonette. 
H  1.  209-18.  J  2.  1-13  and  notes.  Bettine  von  Arnim:  Goethes 
Briefwechsel  mit  einem  Kinde  (pub.  1835),  ed.  H.  Amelung,  Ein- 
leitung,  p.  v-xxi;  corresp.  with  Goethe's  mother,  p.  9-21  (1.  Marz- 
16.  Mai,  1807);  with  Goethe,  p.  82-108,  322-28  (15.  Mai-13.  Aug. 
1807,  29.  Feb.  1810).  Bielschowsky,  11.  Kap.  10.  Meyer,  Kap.  26. 
Geiger,  Kap.  18.  A.  Luther:  Goethe,  139-69.  A.  F.  Poncet:  Les 
Affinites  Electives  de  Goethe.  Commentaire  critique  (Paris,  1910). 
H.  Grimm:  Fiinfzehn  Essays.  Erste  Folge,  Bd.  I.  239-57.  Aug. 
Hesse:  Minchen  Herzlieb  (Berlin,  1878).  Morris:  Goethe-Studien, 
II.  174-77.  Chr.  Semler:  Goethes  Wahlverwandtschaften  und  die 
sittliche  Anschauung  des  Dichters.  B.  Seuffert.  Vierteljahrschr. 
fiir  Lit'gesch.  2.  467f.  O.  Walzel:  Goethes  Wahlverwandtschaften 
im  Rahmen  ihrer  Zeit.  G-J  27.  166-206.  Braun:  Goethe  im  Urtheile 
u.s.w.,  III.  212-15,  224-45. 

30.  THE    LAST    QUARTER-CENTURY.  —  From    the    Death    of 
Schiller  (1805)  to  the  Death  of  Goethe  (1832). 
General,  for   respective   topics.  —  Briefe:   "Vom   tatigen   Leben," 

p.  133-414  (cf.  index,  p.  416).  Eckermann:  Gesprache;  cf.  index 
of  persons  and  topics.  Band  3.  Goethe:  Annalen,  J,  Band  30. 
Schauffler,  Kap.  xi-xii.  —  Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  12,  16,  17,  20. 
Meyer,   Kap.  25,  27,  30,  35.      Geiger,   Kap.    17,    18,  21-23,  25,   30. 

(a)  PUBLIC  EVENTS  AND  GOETHE'S  PART  IN  THEM 
(after  1805).  —  Statesmanship.  Political  Theories  and  Ideals. 
The  Napoleonic  Wars.  Goethe  and  Napoleon.  War  of 
Liberation.       Sequel. 

Goethe's  part  in  public  affairs  after  the  Italian  Journey.  Effect  of  the  French 
Revolution  in  Germany  and  on  Goethe.  Diplomatic  problems  in  Weimar. 
Foreign  relations.  The  'Furstenbund'  (1785).  —  The  Napoleonic  Era.  'Rhein- 
bund'  (July,  1806).  Battle  of  Jena  (Oct.  14,  1806).  The  peril  of  Weimar.  Humili- 
ation of  Prussia.  Tilsit.  (July,  1807).  Napoleon  at  Erfurt.  Meeting  with 
Goethe  (Oct.  2,  1808).  Goethe's  attitude  toward  Napoleon.  Explanation. — 
The  'Befreiungskrieg'  (1813-14).  Goethe's  position.  1814.  "Des  Epimenides 
Erwachen."  Theme  and  import.  Genesis  and  stage  production.  —  1815.  Con- 
gress of  Vienna  (1814-15).  The  new  order.  C^Joethe's  attitude.  New  develop- 
ments.   Nature  and  origin  of  Goethe's  theories  and  ideals. 

Briefe:  "Vom  tatigen  Leben,"  p.  142-61  passim,  169-70,  190-92. 
Eckermann,  see  above.  Stein,  s.  v.  Napoleon,  Register,  6.  336; 
8.  375.  Schauffler,  484f.  —  Bielschowsky,  I.  310-28;  II.  26-28,  Zi-i7; 
41-55,  67-76,  150-56,  313-20,  325-39,  462-69,  476-77.  A.  Scholl: 
Goethe,  462-84.  O.  Harnack:  Goethe  in  der  Epoche  seiner  Vol- 
lendung,  233-90.  Chamberlain:  Goethe,  p.  209-216.  Henderson, 
II.  chap.  6,  7.  Thomas:  Goethe,  chap.  7,  in  part. 
"DES  EPIMENIDES  ERWACHEN."  Ein  Festspiel  (1814). 
W  16.  331-62.  H  11.  i.  157-203.  J  9.  145-82.  DNL  11.  ii.  300-348. 
C  8.  163-96.  —  Goethe's  "Theater-Program"  and  Loeper's  Ein- 
leitung  H  11.  i.  101-155.  Graf,  II.  1.  296-408.  Schauffler,  539-43. 
Morris:  Goethe-Studien,  I.  269.    H.  Morsch,  G-J  14.  212-44. 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  61 

(b)   POET      AND      AUTOBIOGRAPHER.   —   "West  -  Oestlicher 
Divan."    "Dichtung  und   Wahrheit." 
(Note.  —  These    works    are    unrelated    except    as    to    period    of 
composition.       May    be    chosen   as    separate    essays,    with    luller 
treatment  of  each  topic.) 

i.  "WEST-OESTLICHER  DIVAN"  (1819).  —  Marianne  von  Wil- 
lemer. 
W  6.  H  4.  1-225.  J  5.  1-144.  DNL  4.  212.  C  3.  15-127.  — Read 
Books  I-III,  VII-IX,  XII.  Most  convenient  edition  is  H,  with 
abundant  footnotes.  Excellent  brief  introd.  in  C  and  notes  in  J. 
Exhaustive  commentary  by  Goethe:  Noten  und  Abhandlungen 
zu  besserem  \'erstandnis  des  West  Oest.  Divans.  W  7.  H  4. 
227-374.    J  5.   145-316.    DNL  4.  213-362.    C   3.   121-360. 

Genesis  of  the  "Divan."  Marianne  von  W'illemer.  Her  contribution  to  the 
"Divan."  Hatem  and  Suleika.  Sources  and  inlluenccs.  Oriental  element. 
Themes  and  spirit. 

Briefer  Stein,  Register,  7.  322,  323  (s.  v.  West-Oestl.  Divan,  W'ille- 
mer). Theod.  Creizenach:  Briefwechsel  zwischen  Goethe  und 
Marianne  von  W'illemer  (Stuttgart,  1878).  Graf,  111.  2.  p.  1-127, 
passim;  for  typical  index  see  III.  2.  p.  1211-1217.  Schauffler,  543-47. 
Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  13.  Meyer,  Kap.  27.  Geiger,  Kap.  22. 
Konrad  Burdach,  G-J  11.  1-18;  17.  p.*  1-40.  H.  Grimm:  Fiinfzehn 
Essays,  Erste  Folge,  Ed.  1,  p.  258-87.  A.  F.  J.  Remy:  Influence 
of  Indian  and  Persian  Poetry  on  the  Poetry  of  Germany,  chap.  4. 

ii.  "AUS  MEINEM   LEBEN.     DICHTUNG  UND  WAHRHEIT" 
(1811-1833). 

W'  26-29.  H  20-23.  J  22-25.  DNL  17-20.  C  20-21.  — Read  about 
100  (if  treated  alone  200)  pages,  chosen  from  Books  1,  3,  5-7,  9-12, 
16-19.  For  outline  of  foregoing  see  Topics  1  (a),  2,  4,  5,  8  (a)  and 
11.  —  Selections  edited,  with  introd.  and  notes,  by  H.  C.  G.  von 
Jagemann  (Holt).  —  (To  be  a  critical  examination,  not  a  summary 
oi    Goethe's    Autobiography.) 

Inception  of  the  work  (cf.  Goethe's  Vorrede).  Aim  and  scope.  The  title. 
Goethe's  sources.  Bettina's  contribution.  Method  of  composition.  Publication 
in  four  parts  (1811,  1812,  1814,  1833).  Periods  covered  by  respective  parts. 
Characteristics  of  form  and  content.  Portrayal  of  persons  and  incidents. 
Value  as  a  biography,  as  a  supplement  to  Goethe's  'confessions.'  Continuations: 
"Italienische   Reise"   (1815),   "Tag-  und  Jahreshcfte"   (1823f). 

Briefe:  Stein,  Register  6.  332.  7.  322,  8.  373.  Graf,  I.  p.  35-36. 
Schauffler,  527-31.  Eckermann:  Gesprache,  Register,  s.v.  Dichtung 
und  W^ahrheit.  —  Bettine  von  Arnim:  Goethes  Briefwechsel  mit 
einem  Kinde,  25.  Okt.  1810  to  end  of  1810  (Amelung's  ed.  p.  369- 
98).  Geiger:  Goethe,  Kap.  20.  K.  Jahn:  Goethes  Dichtung  und 
Wahrheit  (Halle.  1908).  Loeper's  F.inleitung.  H  23.  Meyer's  Ein- 
leitung,  J  22. 


62  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

(c)  PRIVATE   LIFE   AND    FAMILY    RELATIONS. 

Marriage,  1806.  Minna  Herzlieb  and  Bettina  Brentano  (cf.  Topic  29  and 
Geiger,  Kap.  18).  The  last  ten  years  with  Christiana.  Her  death,  1816. 
August  von  Goethe,  1789-1830.  Ottilie  von  Pogwisch.  Their  children.  Later 
history  of  the  family.  —  Goethe's  last  love,  Ulrike  von  Levetzow  (1823). 
Facts  disclosed  in  her  old  age  (1898)  (cf.  Geiger,  Kap.  25).  "Marienbader 
Elegie"  (cf.  "Vom  tatigen  Leben,"  pp.  333-37.  H  I.  187-91.  J  2.  206-11).— 
Literary  and  scientific  labors  (without  detail).  The  'sage  of  Weimar.'  Relations 
with  foreign  men  of  letters:  Scott,  Byron,  Carlyle  et  al.  His  opinion  of  Eng- 
lish writers  (cf.  Eckermann:  Gesprache,  Register,  s.v. ;  also  under  Englische 
Literatur).  —  Goethe's  literary  aides,  Riemer  and  Eckermann.  The  former's 
"Mittheilungen  uber  Goethe."  Other  intimate  friends:  Soret,  Knebel,  Zelter. 
■ —  The  50th  anniversary,  Nov.  7,  1825.  Honors  conferred.  —  The  passing  of 
kin  and  friends  (Herder,  1803;  Anna  Amalia,  1807;  his  mother,  1808;  Wie- 
land,  1813:  Christiane,  1816:  Karl  Aiisnst,  1828,  and  nuchess  Luise,  1830; 
his  son,  1830;  (cf.  "Vom  tatigen  Leben,"  p.  374f,  386f,  391f).— Last  labors, 
"W'anderjalire"  and  "Faust."  Editing  and  publication  of  the  correspondence 
with  Schiller,  1827-29.  The  dedication  to  King  Ludwig  L  of  Bavaria.  Last 
birthday  at  Ilmenau.  The  end,  March  22,  1832  (cf.  ."Vom  tatigen  Leben," 
p.  411-14,  and  Eckermann,  Band  II,  last  paragraph).  Some  characteristics 
of  Goethe  the  man   (cf.   Geiger,   Kap.  29). 

Briefe:  "Vom  tatigen  Leben,"  p.  133-414,  passim  (esp.  letters  to 
and  from  Mother,  Christiane,  Karl  August,  Zelter,  Bettina  Bren- 
tano, Willemers,  Levetzows).  Eckermann:  Gesprache  (1823-32); 
cf.  Register.  Schauffler,  Kap.  xi,  xii,  passim.  Annalen,  J  30. 
passim.  Graf:  Aus  G's  Tagebiichern.  Riemer:  Mittheilungen,  I. 
41-183,  passim.  R.  Steig:  Jhb.  d.  F.  D.  H.  1904.  339-60.  Stein: 
Briefe,  Reg.  7.  324,  s.v.  Byron;  8.  371-76,  s.v.  Byron,  Carlyle,  Scott. 
Geiger:  Goethe  und  die  Seinen,  p.  66-224,  345-67.  Bielschowsky, 
II.  Kap.  12,  16,  17,  20,  passim.  R.  Wustmann:  Weimar  und 
Deutschland  1815-1915.  Schriften  der  Goethe-Gesellschaft,  Bd.  30 
*  (1915),  p.  34-64.     C.  Schiiddekopf:   Goethes  Tod   (Leipzig,   1907). 

*31."WILHELM  MEISTERS  WANDERJAHRE,  oder  Die  Entsa- 
genden"  (1821,  1829). —  Genesis  and  plan.  Critical  Analysis 
(exclusive  of  tales).  —  The  didactic  element. 
W  24,  25.  i.  H  18.  25-420.  J  19,  20.  DNL  16.  C  18.  — Parts  to  he 
studied:  Book  I,  chap.  1-4,  6  (except  letters)  7,  11,  12.  Book  II. 
chap.  1,  2,  6,  7  (first  ten  paragraphs  and,  at  end,  letters  of 
Leonardo  and  Abbe  and  the  'Zwischenrede');  in  W  or  J,  chap.  8, 
10;  in  H,  DNL  or  C,  chap.  9,  11  (cf.  Graf.  I.  2.  p.  906).  Book  III. 
chap.  1,  2,  4,  6,  7,  9.  11,  12,  14.  17,  18.  —  Acquaintance  with  "Wil- 
helm  Meisters  Lehrjahre"  is  prerequisite. 

Wilhelm  Meister  at  the  close  of  the  "Lehrjahre."  Plans  for  a  sequel.  Begin- 
nings of  the  work.  Method  of  composition.  Interpolated  tales.  Their  publica- 
tion. —  .\nalysis  of  content  (cf.  Graf,  I.  2.  p.  701-5,  888).  The  course  of 
Wilhelm's  development.  His  experiences.  Reappearance  of  characters  from  the 
"Lehrjahre."  New  characters.  The  Uncle  and  his  kin.  —  The  Pedagogical 
Province.  Felix's  education.  Theories  of  secular  and  religious  instruction. 
Manual  labor.  The  individual  and  society.  —  The  'Weltbund,'  aims  and  ideals. 
Commercial  and  industrial  problems.  The  age  of  machinery.  Effects.  Emigra-' 
tion  to  the  New  World.  The  ideal  state.  Laws  and  government.  Culture  and 
service.  'Denken  und  tun.'  —  The  part  of  each  person  in  the  new  ordfr. 
Wilhelm's  calling.  —  The  editions  of  1821  and  1829  (cf.  Graf,  I.  2.  p.  904-908). 
Changes  and   additions.     Reception  of  the  work. 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  63 

Briefe:  Stein,  Register.  6.  333.    7.  323,  8.  373.    Graf,  I.  p.  876-1071. 
Eckermann:  Gesprache,  Register,  s.  v.  Schauffler,  OU3-()9o. -=- Biel- 
schowsky,    11.    Kap.    18.     Meyer,    Kap.    31.     M.    Wundt:    Goethes 
VVilhelm    Meister,    Kap.    6.     O.    Harnack:    Goethe    in    der    Epoche 
seiner  VoUendung,  272-82. 
*(a)  EDUCATIONAL    AND    SOCIAL    PHILOSOPHY    OF    THE 
"WANDERJAHRE." — An  intensive  critical  study  of  Goethe's 
theories  and  their  application  in  the  'Padagogische  Provinz' 
and  in  the  Ideal  State. 
Bielschowsky  and  Meyer,  as  above,  passim.     W.   C.  Burkhardt: 
Darstelhing  und    Besprcchung   der   padagogischen    Provinz   u.s.vv. 
(Jena,  1903).  K.  Jungmann:  Die  padagogische  Provinz.  Euphorion, 
14.  274-87,  517-33. 

»(b)  INTERPOLATED  TALES  IN  THE  "WANDERJAHRE."— 
Their  content,  literary  character,  and  relation  to  the  work 
proper. 

(1)  "Sankt  Joseph  der  Zweite."  Buch  I,  Kap.  2.  (2)  "Die  pilgernde 
Thorin"  (transl.  from  French).  I,  5.  (3)  "Wer  ist  der  Verrather?" 
I.  8,  9.  (4)  "Das  nussbraune  Madchen."  I.  11.  (5)  "Der  Mann 
von  fiinfzig  Jahren."  II.  3-5.  (6)  "Die  neue  Melusine."  111.  6. 
(7)  "Die  gefahrliche  Wette."  III.  8.  (8)  "Nicht  zu  weit!"  III. 
10.— (About  tvi'o-fifths  of  book.)— Graf,  I.  701-703;  cf.  Register, 
p.  1157-58.  Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  18,  passim.  H.  Maync, 
Euphorion,  18.  481-82. 

*32.  "FAUST.  DER  TRAGOEDIE  ZWEITER  TEIL  in  funf  Akten" 
(finished  1831,  published  1833). 
Text.— VV  15.  i.  H  13.  J  14.  DNL  12.  ii.  C  10.  161-383.— Edited. 
with  critical  introduction  and  notes  (English),  by  Calvin  Thomas 
(Heath).  With  German  introd.  and  notes  (cf.  Topic  28)  by 
G.  Loeper,  K.  J.  Schroer  (4.  Aufl.  1903)  and  G.  Witkowski.  Study 
of  I'art  First  is  prerequisite.  Commentaries  (cf.  Topic  28). — 
Graf,  Pniower,  Traumann,  Rd.  2,  Baumgart  Bd.  2,  Coupland.  Eng- 
lish translation. — Bayard  Taylor,  Anna  Swanwick.  Selected  Bib- 
liography: Thomas's  ed.  I.  Appendix  I.  Witkowski's  ed.  II. 
181-88.— General;    Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  19.   Meyer,  Kap.  32. 

*(a)  GENESIS  AND  CRITICAL  ANALYSIS..— The  "Helena"  as 
the  Axis  of  Part  Second.  —  The  use  and  modification  of 
legendary  material. 

Reasons  for  the  bi-partition  of  the  poem.  Earliest  work  on  Part  II.  The 
starting-point,  the  "Helena"  of  1800.  Other  beginnings.  The  plan  as  out- 
lined in  1816.  The  impulse  to  resumption  of  work  in  1824.  Progress.  The 
completed  Third  .\ct :  "Helena.  Klassisch-romantische  Phantasmagorje. 
Zwischenspiel  zu  Faust"  (1827).  The  'antecedents'  of  the  "Helena,"  as 
outlined  1826.  Changes  and  additions  since  1816.  Evolution  and  function  of 
the  "Klasslsche  Walpurgisnacht."  Completion  of  Act  I.  Motivation  of  the 
later  action.  Relation  of  Act  IV  to  .\cts  III  and  I,  respectively.  The  prem- 
ises  of  Act   V.      Faust's   new  activity.      Its  result.     Earlier  and  later  plans  for 


64  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

the  ending.  The  one  finally  adopted.  (In  connection  with  the  foregoing  history 
of  the  composition,  a  critical  analysis  of  the  dramatic  action  —  without  inter- 
pretation or  characterization  —  is  to  be  given.)  Sequence  and  unity  of  the 
action  of  Part  II  as  a  whole.  —  Relation  of  Part  II  to  the  legend.  Faust  and 
Helen  in  the  Faustbuch.    Faust's  end. 

Graf,  II.  2.  p.  81-608,  passim.  Pniovv^er:  Zeugnisse,  1797-1832.  Cf. 
Regist.  p.  304.  Thomas's  ed.  Introd.  chap.  1.  Witkowski's  ed. 
II.  p.  97-106.  Einleitung  in  editions  of  Loeper,  Schroer,  and  Erich 
Schmidt  (J  14),  passim.  Traumann,  11.  p.  1-110.  Baumgart,  II. 
p.  1-27.  —  Bielschowsky,  II.  Kap.  19,  passim.  Meyer,  Kap.  2)2, 
passim.  Morris:  Paralipomena  zu  Goethes  Faust.  Goethe-Studien, 
11.  200-204,  222-232.  Veit  Valentin:  Goethes  Faustdichtung,  146-62, 
197-233.  A.  Gerber  and  Veit  Valentin:  M.  L.  N.  12.  69-79.  13.  431- 
43,  462-71;  14.  204-15;  15.  387-402,  467-82;  16.  193-209,  285-98. 
S.   Nagel:   Helena   in   der   Faustsage.     Euphorion,  9.    43-69. 

*(b)  FAUST'S  CAREER  IN  THE  SECOND  PART.  — Transition. 
In  the  'Great  World'.  His  new  quest  and  its  attainment. 
A  new  ideal.  The  achievement.  The  verdict.  —  Relations  of 
Faust  and  Mephistopheles.  An  analj'sis  of  Faust's  acts, 
utterances  and  experiences,  with  reference  to  the  dramatic 
and  poetic  element,  but  without  detailed  discussion  of  the 
ethical   or  philosophical   import. 

Significance  of  the  opening  scene.  Faust's  introduction  at  the  Emperor's  court. 
His  role  in  the  'Mummenschanz.'  The  sequel.  Symbolism  of  the  Mothers. 
The  spell  of  the  Ideal  Beautiful  and  its  quest.  The  negation:  Mephistopheles 
and  the  Ideal  Ugly.  The  nature  and  office  of  Homunculus.  His  quest.  — - 
F'aust  and  Helen.  The  symbolism  of  their  union  and  of  Euphorion.  His 
prototype.  Helen's  legacy.  Faust's  transformation.  The  cause  and  the  etfcct. 
"Die  Tat  ist  alles."  The  Emperor  again.  Faust's  opjjortunity.  His  reward. — 
Faust  aet.  100.  The  nature  and  the  goal  of  his  labor.  His  limitations.  The 
fate  of  Philemon  and  Baucis  and  the  consequences.  —  The  role  of  Mephisto- 
pheles in  Part  II.  Faust's  dependence.  Its  significance.  Faust's  emancipation. 
The   'clearing-up.'    The   end.    The  outcome. 

Thomas's  ed.  Introd.  chap.  II.  Witkowski's  ed.  II.  107-33.  Biel- 
schowsky, Meyer,  cf.  Topic  (a).  Traumann,  II.  p.  111-382,  passim. 
Baumgart,  11.  p.  28-513,  passim.  Coupland,  chap.  8.  Thomas 
Carlyle:    Goethe's    Helena.     Critical    and    Miscellaneous    Essays. 

*(c)   THE  ETHICAL  IMPORT  OF  "FAUST",  PARTS  I  and  II.— 

Faust's    career   and   end.      Mephistopheles'   wager   with  the 

Lord  and  compact  with  Faust.     The  salvation  of  Faust  and 

the  defeat  of  Mephistopheles. 

To  be  based  on  a  critical  study  of  the  poem  as  a  whole,  especially 

of    Prolog    im    Himmel,    Studierzimmer    II    and    Act    V    of    Part 

Second.       Minor,    I.    297-317;    II.    72-104,    180-209.     Pniower,    cf. 

Special-Register,  p.   304.   for  references  to  respective  scenes  and 

also   s.  V.    Conception.   Idee,   etc.     Fr.   Theodor  Vischer:    Goethes 

Faust.    Beitrage,  p.  205-60,  285-346.    Baumgart,  Bd.  I.  Kap.  7,  8,  10; 

Bd.    II,    Kap.    15,    16.      Traumann,    1.    204-19,   281-305;    II.    310-82 


SECOND  SERIES:  GOETHE  6-=^ 

Thomas,  Introd.  chap.  111.  Witkowski,  II.  138-43,  161-76.  A. 
Luther:  Goethe,  170-208.  Morris:  Goethe-Studien,  II.  222-232. 
John  Owen:  'I'lie  Five  Great  Sceptical  Dramas  of  History,  109-67, 
171-275.  Hermann  Tiirck:  Eine  neue  Faust-Krklarung.  W.  Splett- 
stdsser:  Der  Grundgedanke  in  Goethes  Faust  (Berlin,  1911), 
176-91. 

*(d)   GOETHE'S   "FAUST"   ON  THE  STAGE.  — The   Adaptations 
of  Devrient,  Wilbrandt  and  Witkowski.    Other  productions. 

The  lirst  stage-production  of  Part  I.  (1829.  Braunschweig,  Jan.  19;  Weimar, 
Aug.  29).  Goethe's  interest.  Laroche's  account.  Subsequent  productions. 
First  production  of  Part  II  (1854).  The  staging  of  the  complete  drama  by 
Devrient,  1876.  His  treatment  of  the  text.  Omissions  and  modifications. 
Wilbrandt's  version,  1883.  Possart's  production.  1895.  The  latest  adaptation, 
by  Witkowski,  1906.  A  recent  French  condensation.  —  Problems  involved  in 
staging  "Faust."  Solutions  of  the  several  adai)ters.  —  Musical  compositions. 
The  lyrics.  Incidental  music.  The  Euphorion  scenes.- — Operas  based  on  (ioelhe'it 
text.  Part  I  only:  Gounod's  "Faust"  (1859).  Parts  I  and  II:  Uoito's 
"Mefistofele"    (1868;   abridged,    1875). 

Text  of  Goethe's  Faust,  Parts  I  and  II,  compared  with  the  follow- 
ing: Otto  Devrient:  Goethes  Faust.  Fiir  die  Auffiihrung  als 
Mj'sterium  in  zwei  Tagewerken  eingerichtet.  Karlsruhe,  1877. 
Adolf  Wilbrandt:  Goethes  Faust.  Fiir  die  Buhne  in  drei  Abenden 
eingerichtet.  Wien,  1900.  Georg  Witkowski:  Goethes  Faust. 
Erster  und  Zweiter  Teil.  Fiir  die  Buhne  eingerichtet.  Leii)zig 
(1906).  Reclam.  Univ.  Bibl.  4811-12.  Graf,  II.  2.  p.  8-10.  Pniower, 
cf.  Spec.  Register,  p.  304,  s.  v.  Inszenierungen.  Witkowski's  ed. 
of  "Faust,"  II.  177-80.  Idem:  Einleitung  zu  der  Biihnenbearbei- 
tung.  Schroer's  ed.  of  "Faust",  Bd.  I,  p.  cxi-cxxii.  Idem:  Die 
Auffiihrung  des  ganzen  Faust  (1883).  Calvin  Thomas:  The  Com- 
plete Faust.  Nation  (N.  Y.),  vol.  62  (1896),  p.  340-41.  H.  G.  Graf: 
Goethes  Anteil  an  der  ersten  Faust-Auffubrung  in  VVeiinar. 
(Weimar,  1904).  Kuno  Fischer:  Goethes  Faust,  Bd.  II,  104-li), 
134-36.  W.  Creizenach:  Die  Biihnengesthichte  des  Goethescheu 
Faust  (1881).  Eugen  Kilian:  Goethes  Faust  auf  der  Buhne  (1907). 
Karl  Engel:  Das  Volksschauspiel  u.s.w.  (cf.  Topic  28e).  Biihnen- 
geschichte.  p.   141-96. 

Max  Nordau:  "Faust"  in  Paris,  Vossische  Zeitung,  23.  Dez.  1912. 
Libretto  of  Gounod's  "Faust"  and  Boito's  "Mefistofele"  pub.  by 
C)liver  Ditson  Company  (Boston),  with  Engl,  transl.  Cf.  Rupert 
Hughes:  Music  Lovers'  Cyclopedia  (N.  Y.  1912i,  p.  314-15,  322-24 
Grove's  Dictionary  of  Music  and  Musicians  (N.  Y.  1910),  I.  355-.'t). 


«6  NOTES  AND  ADDENDA 

Contents  of  Goethes  Schriften.   8  Bande.    Leipzig.    Goschen.    1787-1790. 
Band  I.   1787.  Zueignung.    Die  Leiden  des  jungen  Werthers. 
Band  II.  1787.  Gotz  von  Berlichingen.    Die  Mitschuldigen. 
Band  III.   1787.  Iphigenie  auf  Tauris.    Clavigo.    Die  Geschwister. 
Band  IV.  1787.  Stella.    Der  Triumph  der  Empfindsamkeit.   Die  Vogel. 
Band  V.    1788.   Egmont.    Claudine  von  Villa  Bella.    Ervirin  und  Elmire. 
Band  VI.   1790.  Torquato  Tasso.  Lila. 
Band  VII.  1790.  Faust,  ein  Fragment.    Jery  und  Bately.    Scherz,  List 

und  Rache. 
Band  VIII.  1789.  Puppenspiel.       Prolog      zu      Bahrdt.       Vermischte 

Gedichte,  I.  und  II.  Sammlung.    Kiinstlers  Erdewallen.    Kiinstlers 

Apotheose.    Die  Geheimnisse. 


NOTES  AND  ADDENDA  «^ 


/ 


68  NOTES  AND  ADDENDA 


6J» 


Third  Series :    Schiller 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTE 

References  to  Schiller's  Works  are  to  the  following  editions,  which 
are  cited  in  the  order  named  and  by  means  of  the  abbreviations  noted: 

1.  SS     Schillers  Sammtliche  Schriften.    Historisch-Kritische  Ausgabe. 

Herausgegeben  von  Karl  Goedeke.  15  Bande.  Stuttgart,  1868- 
76. — References  in  Schiller  literature  to  'Werke'  are  to  this 
edition  unless  specified  otherwise. 

2.  B       Bellermann. — Schillers  Werke.     Herausgeg.  von  Ludwig  Bel- 

lermann.  14  Bande.  Bibliographisches  Institut,  Leipzig  und 
Wien  (1895-96).     (Price,  28  Marks;  vols.  1-8  separately,  16  Mks.) 

3.  S       Sakular. — Schillers  Samtliche  Werke.  Sakular-Ausgabe.  Heraus- 

geg. von  Eduard  von  der  Hellen  (and  eight  collaborators). 
16  Bande.    Stuttgart  und  Berlin  (1904-05).    (Price,  32  Marks.) 

4.  DNL  Kiirschners  Deutsche  National-Litteratur. — Schillers  Werke. 

Herausgeg.  von  R.  Boxberger  und  A.  Birlinger.  12  Theile  in 
16  Banden.  Berlin  und  Stuttgart  (1882-89).  (Price,  Mk.  3.50 
per  vol.;   sold  singly.) 

5.  C       Cotta. — Schillers    Samtliche    Werke.       Herausgeg.    von    Karl 

Goedeke.  16  Bande.  Stuttgart.  Cottasche  Bibliothek  der  Welt- 
literatur.  (Price,  1  Mark  per  vol.;  sold  singly.) 
The  standard  edition  is  SS,  which  prints  the  original  text  (regard- 
less of  errors)  and  provides  a  complete  critical  apparatus.  The  text 
of  some  of  Schiller's  works,  particularly  the  earlier  ones,  became 
corrupted  through  careless  reprints.  The  elaborate  apparatus  of  this 
edition  enables  the  student  to  trace  the  history  of  the  text  through 
the  various  stages  of  corruption  and  restoration,  and  makes  it  the 
'final  authority'  on  questions  of  variant  readings.  It  has  good 
brief  introductions  by  the  general  editor,  Karl  Goedeke,  but  no 
notes  other  than  textual,  and  is  therefore  less  adapted  to  the  earlier 
stages  of  Schiller  study  than  B,  S  or  DNL,  which  have  excellent 
introductions  (recommended)  and  some  notes.  B  has  a  brief  textual 
apparatus.  Of  these  editions  B  and  DNL  are  more  complete  than 
S,  which  omits  certain  variant  texts  of  importance  (such  as  the  stage 
version  of  "Die  Rauber"  and  "Fiesco",  the  early  form  of  "Don 
Carlos").  DNL  is  the  only  ed.  besides  SS  td  include  Schiller's  adapta- 
tions of  "Nathan  der  Weise"  and  "Egmont."  C  has  brief  introduc- 
tions, but  no  notes.  Like  S  it  is  incomplete.  The  standard  critical 
editions  of  the  unfinished  dramas,  including  "Demetrius,"  and  dramatic 
fragments  are  G.  Kettner's  "Schillers  Dramatischer  Nachlass"  (1895) 
and  "Schillers  dramatische  Entwiirfe  und  Fragmente"  (1899).  Editions 
of  single  works  with  English  introductions  and  notes  are  mentioned 
when  available.  The  best  'working  edition',  on  the  whole,  is  B,  sup- 
plemented by  vols.  3,  4  and  7  of  DNL.    The  student's  library  of  first- 


70  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTE 

hand  material  should  also  include  Jonas's  edition  of  Schiller's  letters, 
Streicher's  "Schillers  Flucht"  and  Petersen's  or  Biedermann's  'Ge- 
sprache'  (see  below). 

No  complete  edition  of  Schiller's  works  appeared  during  his  life. 
A  five-volume  ed.  of  his  dramas,  with  the  title  "Schillers  Theater" 
was  in  progress  at  the  time  of  his  death.  The  first  complete  ed.,  in 
12  vols.,  was  undertaken  by  his  friend  Korner  in  1812.  Many  others 
followed,  including  the  Hempel  ed.,  uniform  with  the  same  publisher's 
ed.  of  Lessing  and  Goethe.  All  are  included  in  the  recent  revision 
of  the  Hempel  editions  under  the  title  of  'Goldene  Klassiker.'  Another 
recent  ed.  of  Schiller  not  cited  here  is  that  of  Otto  Giintter  und  Georg 
Witkowski.     Historisch-kritische  Ausgabe.    20   Bde.     Leipzig    (1911). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Complete  bibliography,  to  1893,  in  GOEDE- 
KE'S  "Grundriss  zur  Geschichte  der  deutschen  Dichtung,"  Band  V, 
97-237.  For  annual  bibliography,  since  1890,  see  the  "Jahresberichte 
fiir  neuere  deutsche  Literaturgeschichte."  The  most  important  editions 
and  critical  works  are  enumerated  in  BARTELS'  "Handbuch  zur 
Geschichte  der  deutschen  Literatur"  (2.  Aufl.  1909),  p.  312-35.  (A 
most  useful  manual  of  bibliography  for  ready  reference.  859  pp. 
Price,  6  Mks.) — For  bibliography  of  the  Minor  Storm  and  Stress 
Dramatists,  including  Gerstenberg,  see  Goedeke,  Bd.  IV.  106,  304-21, 
343-49,  412-15.  Bartels,  209-10,  287-95.— Critical  estimate  of  all  im- 
portant works  on  Schiller  in  LUDWIG'S  "Schiller  und  die  deutsche 
Nachwelt."  (See  index  of  authors.)  Journals  most  often  referred  to 
here  are  "Vierteljahrschrift  fiir  Literaturgeschichte"  (1888-93)  and 
"Euphorion"    (since    1894);   also   the   "Goethe-Jahrbuch"    (1880-1913). 

SOURCES. — First-hand  information  about  Schiller's  life  and 
works  is  to  be  found  in  (a)  BRIEFE.  Kritische  Gesamtausgabe 
herausgeg.  von  F.  JONAS.  7  Bande  (numbering  more  than  2000 
letters,  with  classified  indexes  at  end  of  vol.  7).  Stuttgart  usw.  (1892- 
96).  Cited  as  'Jonas'  or  'Briefe'.  Should  invariably  be  consulted  in 
preparation  of  essays.  Brief  selection  by  E.  KUEHNEMANN:  "Aus- 
gewahlte  Briefe"  (2  small  vols,  in  the  'Hausbiicherei'  series  @  1  Mk.). 
Most  important  letters  to  1789,  with  some  letters  to  Schiller  and 
extracts  from  Streicher,  under  the  title  "Feuertrunken".  Herausgeg. 
von  H.  BRANDENBURG.  'Biicher  der  Rose'  series.  Miinchen,  1909. 
(Price,  Mk.  1.80.)  Best  selectiop  for  period  covered;  recommended  for 
general  collateral  reading.  Shorter  sel.,  to  July,  1787,  by  M.  HECKER: 
"Die  Briefe  des  jungen  Schiller."  (Pr.  Mk.  2.)  None  of  these  three 
selections  is  indexed. — Schiller's  correspondence  with  Korner  is  to 
be  had  complete  in  the  Cottasche  Bibliothek  der  Weltliteratur 
(1  Mk.  per  vol.),  4  vols.;  with  Lotte  von  Lengefeld,  3  vols.;  with 
Goethe,  edited  by  Franz  Muncker  and  fully  indexed  (cited  as 
Muncker),  4  vols.  Good  sel.  from  the  correspondence  of  Goethe  and 
Schiller  by  Robertson  (Ginn).— (b)  BRIEFE  AN  SCHILLER. 
Herausgeg.  von  L.  URLICHS.  Stuttg.  1877.  (c)  A.  STREICHER: 
"Schillers  Flucht  von  Stuttgart  und  Aufenthalt  in  Mannheim  von  1782 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  71 

bis  1785."  Stuttgart,  1836.  (Published  anon.)  Reprinted  in  Cottasche 
Handbibliothek  (Mk.  1.20);  cited  as  Repr.  (Also  in  Reclani's  Univer- 
salbibl.  and  other  eds.)  An  intimate  account  of  this  period;  valuable. 
—(d)  Karoline  von  WOLZOGEN  (Schiller's  sister-in-law):  "Schiller's 
Leben.  verfasst  aus  Erinnerungen  der  Familie  usw."  Stuttg.  u.  Tiibin- 
,tren,  1830.  (Pub.  anon.)  Repr.  in  Cottasche  Bibl.  der  Weltlit.  (1884). 
Valuable  for  later  years.  — (e)  'GESPRAECHE.'  — Contemporary 
reports  of  Schiller's  utterances  or  'conversations',  and  of  opinions 
about  him  (including  extracts  from  Streicher,  Wolzogen,  Eckermann's 
"Gesprache  mit  Goethe"  etc.).  Edited  by  J.  PETERSEN:  "Schillers 
Gesprache".  Leip.  1911  (Price  Mk.  3)  and  by  F.  Freiherr  von  BIE- 
DERMANN:  "Schillers  Gesprache  und  andere  Zeugnisse  usw."  Leip. 
(Pr.  Mk.  3).  The  most  complete  collection  of  this  sort  is  "Schillers 
Personlichkeit.  Urteile  der  Zeitgenossen  und  Dokuniente" by  M.  Hecker 
and  J.  Petersen.  3  Bde.  Weimar,  1904-09.— (f)  CHRONOLOGY.— 
•Schiller's  KALENDER  vom  18.  Juli,  1795-1805."  Herausgeg.  von 
Emilie  von  Gleichen-Russwurm  (Schiller's  daughter).  Stuttg.  1865. 
Neue  Ausg.  von  Ernst  Mijller,  1895.  A  valuable  source  for  last  ten 
years  of  Schiller's  life  and  work.— E.  MUELLER:  "Regesten  zu 
Schillers  Leben  und  Werken."  Leipzig,  1890.  A  complete  chronological 
survey,  in  tabular  form,  of  life  and  works,  including  references  to 
the  numbered  letters  in  Jonas's  edition. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  GENERAL  CRITICISM.— The  brief  life 
by  James  SIME:  "Schiller".  Blackwoods  Foreign  Classics  (Price  40c) 
is  recommended  as  an  introduction.  For  it  may  be  substituted  the 
elementary  "Schiller-Buch"  of  Ernst  MUELLER,  written  in  simple 
German  (Pr.  1  Mk.).  For  more  advanced  students,  the  excellent 
sketch  by  GOEDEKE  in  SS  1.  15-96,  or  T.  ZIEGLER'S  "Schiller". 
Leipzig,  1905  (Teubner  series.  'Aus  Natur  und  Geisteswelt.')  The 
standard  critical  biography  in  English  is  by  CALVIN  THOMAS. 
"The  Life  and  Works  of  Schiller."  New  York,  1901.  (Price,  $1.50.) 
Of  the  more  recent  critical  biographies  in  German  three  have  been 
left  incomplete  through  the  death  of  their  authors.  The  first  two 
were  planned  on  a  monumental  scale.  (1)  RICHARD  WELTRICH: 
"Schiller.  Geschichte  seines  Lebens  und  Charakteristik  seiner  Werke." 
Band  1.  Stuttgart,  1899.  The  one  vol.  (900  pp.)  covers  only  the  period 
to  Schiller's  flight  from  Stuttgart.  Contains  exhaustive  study  of  "Die 
Rauber"  and  the  "Anthologie."  (2)  JAKOB  MINOR:  "Schiller.  Sein 
Leben  und  seine  Werke.  Band  I.  u.  II.  (pp.  591,  629)  Berlin,  1890. 
Complete  through  "Don  Carlos."  Valuable  for  study  of  genesis  and 
sources  of  four  early  dramas.— (3)  OTTO  BRAHM:  "Schiller."  Bd.  I. 
Bd.  II.  Erste  Halfte.  Berlin,  1888,  1892.  Complete  to  1794.— The  best 
complete  work,  referred  to  throughout  this  Syllabus,  is  by  KARL 
BERGER:  "Schiller.  Sein  Leben  und  seine  Werke."  2  Bde.  (pp.  633, 
824)  Miinchen,  1904,  1908.  (Price,  Mk.  14.)  Uniform  with  Biel- 
showsky's  "Goethe".  Excellent  on  the  critical  side  is  EUGEN 
KUEHNEMANN'S    "Schiller".     Munchen,    1905.     (Price,   Mk.   6.50). 


72  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTE 

Translated  by  Katherine  Royce.  2  vols.  Boston  and  N.  Y.  1912  (Pr. 
$3.00).  A  splendidly  illustrated  and  well  written  biography  (less 
emphasis  on  criticism)  by  JAKOB  WYCHGRAM:  "Schiller,  dem 
deutschen  Volke  dargestellt."  Bielefeld  u.  Leipzig,  1893. — Shorter 
biographies:  OTTO  HARNACK:  "Schiller".  Berlin,  1898.  (Pr.  Mk.  6.40) 
A  good  book  (though  somewhat  uneven  in  treatment)  of  moderate 
size.  ALBERT  LUDWIG:  "Schiller.  Sein  Leben  und  Schaffen." 
Berlin,  Wien,  1912.  Uniform  with  Geiger's  "Goethe";  less  fully  illus- 
trated. (Price,  Mk.  6).  L.  BELLERMANN:  "Schiller."  Leipzig, 
Berlin  u.  Wien,  1901  (Pr.  Mk.  5).  Uniform  with  Witkowski's  "Goethe"; 
illustrated. — The  first  scholarly  biography,  by  Karl  Hoffmeister: 
"Schillers  Leben,  Geistesentwickelung  und  Werke."  5  Bde.  Stuttgart, 
1838-42,  is  still  interesting,  particularly  for  a  study  of  the  development 
of  Schiller  criticism.  The  favorite  biography  was  long  that  by  Emil 
Palleske:  "Schillers  Leben  und  Werke."  2  Bde.  Berlin,  1858-59  (15. 
Aufl.  1900).  More  sympathetic  than  critical;  rhetorical  in  style.  Like 
Stahr's  "Lessing",  did  important  service  in  popularizing  literary  biog- 
raphy. Translated  by  Lady  Wallace:  "Life  and  Works  of  Schiller." 
London,  1860.  H.  Diintzer's  "Schillers  Leben".  Leip.  1881  (transl.  by 
Percy  E.  Pinkerton,  London,  1883)  was  of  minor  importance.  The 
first  biography  in  English  was  by  THOMAS  CARLYLE,  London, 
1825.  Reprinted  in  Lovell's  Literature  Series  and  in  many  other  edi- 
tions. Transl.  into  German,  with  a  preface  by  Goethe,  in  1830.  A 
famous  book,  valuable  in  its  day  for  the  interest  it  stimulated  among 
English  readers.  Contains  some  appreciative  criticism  still  ivorth 
reading,  but  very  unequal  in  treatment  and  necessarily  wholly  inade- 
quate. The  "Life  of  Schiller"  by  H.  W.  Nevinson,  in  the  'Great  Writ- 
ers Series',  London,  1889  (uniform  with  RoUeston's  "Lessing"  and 
Sime's  "Goethe")  is  readable  in  parts,  but  is  sometimes  inaccurate 
and  often  so  unsympathetic  as  to  be  uncritical.  A  brief  introduction 
in  H.  H.  Boyesen's  "Goethe  and  Schiller."  The  treatment  of  Schiller 
in  the  larger  histories  of  German  literature  is  generally  unsatisfactory. 

CONTEMPORARY  CRITICISM.— J.  W.  BRAUN:  "Schiller  im 
Urtheile  seiner  Zeitgenossen."  3  Bde.  Reviews  of  contemporary 
critics  arranged  in  chronological  order.  First-hand  material,  to  be 
consulted  for  all  topics  dealing  with  the  reception  of  Schiller's  works. 

SPECIAL  CRITICISM.— DRAMAS.— The  most  valuable  work 
for  the  study  of  the  plays  is  LUDWIG  BELLERMANN'S  "Schillers 
Dramen.  BeLtrage  zu  ihrem  Verstandnis."  3  Bde.  4.  Aufl.  Berlin, 
1908.  Bellermann's  criticism  deals  with  the  plot  and  characters,  dis- 
cussing mooted  questions  and  troublesome  passages.  Little  attention 
to  genesis  and  none  to  literary  sources  and  influences,  topics  treated 
by  Berger,  Minor  and  Thomas.  Indispensable  to  the  advanced  student 
and  the  teacher.  More  detailed  commentary,  with  formal  analysis  of 
plot  and  structure,  in  O.  FRICK'S  "Wegweiser  durch  die  klassischen 
Schiildramen."  2.  und  3.  Abteilung.  Brief  technical  analysis  in  H.  Un- 
bescheid's  "Beitrag  zur  Behandlang  der  dramatischen  Lektiire."    The 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  "3 

pioneer  commentary  on  Schiller  (and  other  classical  authors)  was 
H.  Diintzer's  "Erlauterungen  zu  den  deutschen  Klassikern."  Valuable 
as  a  collection  of  material,  but  diffuse  and  unnecessarily  detailed. — 
KARL  WHITBRECHT'S  "SchUler  in  seinen  Dramen".  2.  Aufl,  Stutt- 
gart, 1907,  contains  excellent  interpretative  criticism,  with  little  tech- 
nical detail.  Suggestive  criticism  of  the  characters,  especially  with 
reference  to  stage-production,  in  H.  BULTHAUPT'S  Dramaturgic 
des  Schauspiels",  Bd.  I.  ROBERT  PETSCH:  "Freiheit  und  Notwen- 
digkeit  in  Schillers  Dramen".  Miinchen,  1905,  is  a  suggestive  study 
of  the  so-called  'fate-element',  which  has  sometimes  been  misinter- 
preted, notably  in  "Wallenstein"  and  "Die  Braut  von  Messina."  An 
interesting  interpretation  of  this  phase  in  Wolfgang  Kirchbach's 
"Friedrich  Schiller,  der  Realist  und  Realpolitiker"  (1905).  A  collec- 
tion of  essays  and  brief  comments  (theater  notices)  which  emphasize 
the  reality  and  the  essentially  modern  features,  psychological  and 
political,  of  Schiller's  characters. — Valuable  studies  dealing  with  one 
or  more  of  the  dramas  are  the  following  (see  General  Bibliography) : 
E.  Miiller,  on  "Kabale  und  Liebe."  A.  Kontz:  "Les  Drames  de  la 
Jeunesse  de  Schiller."  Karl  Werder,  on  "Wallenstein."  W.  Fielitz: 
"Studien  zu  Schillers  Dramen"  (Wall.,  M.S.,  J.  v.  O.).  G.  Kettner, 
on  "VVilhelm  Tell." — A  book  formerly  much  used  (but  now  less 
esteemed)  in  the  stud}'  of  Schiller's  dramatic  structure  and  charac- 
terization is  Gustav  Frevtag's  "Technik  des  Dramas."  1863.  9.  Aufl. 
1910.  Transl.  by  MacEwan,  Chicago,  1895.  A  convenient  elementary 
handbook  on  this  subject  is  Elizabeth  Woodbridge's  "The  Drama.  Its 
Law  and  its  Technique"  (1898). — An  interesting  brief  study  of  the 
development  of  Schiller's  theory  of  dramatic  form,  of  the  inner 
technique,  by  Emil  Heusermann:  "Schiller's  Dramen."  Leipzig,  1915 
(cf.  esp.  Chap.  IV,  on  "Wallenstein").  (Another  recent  contribution 
to  Schiller  study,  by  F.  Schnass:  "Der  Dramatiker  Schiller.  Dar- 
stellung  seines  Werdens  und  Wesens,"  Leipzig,  1913,  the  editor  has 
not  been  able  to  obtain.    Said  to  be  important.) 

HISTORY,  PHILOSOPHY,  ESTHETICS.— An  excellent  intro- 
duction to  Schiller's  philosophical  writings  by  E.  C.  WILM:  "Schil- 
ler's Philosophy."  Boston,  1912,  and  by  E.  KUEHNEMANN:  SchU- 
lers  philosophische  Schriften  und  Gedichte"  (Philosoph.  Bibl.  Bd.  103). 
A  lucid  exposition,  in  simple  style,  by  KUNO  FISCHER:  "Schiller- 
Schriften".  Band  III.  Concise  estimate  of  Schiller's  place  in  the 
history  of  German  thought  in  M.  KRONENBERG'S  valuable  "Ge- 
schichte  des  Deutschen  Idealismus"  (Miinchen  1912),  Band  II.  Kap. 
15.  Convenient  critical  analyses  of  the  several  essays  by  P.  Geyer: 
Schillers  asthetisch-sittliche  Weltanschauung."  2  Theile.  Concise 
estimate  of  historical  w^ritings  by  J.  JANSSEN:  "Schiller  als  Histori- 
ker." — Exhaustive  scholarly  studies  by  K.  Berger:  "Schillers  Aesthe- 
tik."  E.  Kiihnemann:  "Schillers  Kantische  Studien  nsw."  K.  Toma- 
schek:  "S.  in  seinem  Verhaltnis  zur  Wissenschaft."  F.  Ueberweg:  "S. 
als  Historiker  und   Philosoph." 


Program  of  Topics 

NOTE. — For  explanation  of  the  asterisk  (*),  of  topic-divisions, 
bibliographical  references,  etc.,  see  Note,  page  7.  For  abbreviations, 
see  page  2.  Read  carefully  the  Instructions,  page  3,  and  the  Bibli- 
ographical Note,  page  69,  before  beginning  vi^ork. — Observe  that  the 
General  references  treat  the  subject  as  a  whole  and  are  to  be  included, 
for  the  relevant  portion,  in  the  bibliography  of  each  subtopic,  although 
not  there  repeated. 

1.  SCHILLER'S   BOYHOOD  AND   YOUTH.— Marbach   (Nov.    10, 

1759-1761.  Cannstadt  und  Ludwigsburg  (1761-63).  Lorch 
(1763-66).  Ludwigsburg  (1766-1773).  In  the  Military 
Academy  at  Ludwigsburg  (Jan.  16,  1773-1775)  and  Stuttgart 
(1775-Dec.  15,  1780). 

"Bericht  uber  sich  selber  usw."  "Schulreden".— SS  1.  13-26,  31-37, 
61-70,  95-102.  B  13.  409-44.  S  16.  307-22;  11.  3-18.  DNL  12.  ii.  508- 
39.  Jugendgedichte.— SS  1.  4-8,  27-30,  40-52,  106-08,  120-25,  178-83, 
185-95.    B  9.  13-40.    S  2.  3-19.   DNL  1.  353-58;  2.  41-74. 

Home  and  parents.  Their  character  and  influence.  Traits  and  incidents  of 
childhood.  Early  schooling.  Plans  for  the  future.  - —  Duke  Karl  Eugen's 
school.  His  'invitation.'  Schiller  enters.  Life  at  the  'Karlsschule'  (properly  so 
called  only  after  1781).  Student  of  law  and  medicine.  Schoolmates  and 
teachers.  Military  discipline  and  its  effect.  "Bericht  fiber  sich  selber." 
Estimate  by  fellow-pupils.  Standing  with  the  Duke.  Progress  in  professional 
studies.  Clinical  reports.  The  expected  release;  disappointment.  Completion 
of  the  course  (Dec.  IS,  1780).  Graduation  thesis:  "Zusammenhang  der 
tierischen  Natur  des  Menschen  mit  seiner  geistigen."  SS  1.  \i7-77.  B 
13-458-99.  S  11.  41-79.  DNL  12.  ii.  463-501.  (Reading  of  thesis  not  required.) 
—  Private  reading  and  study  at  the  Academy:  Rousseau,  Shakespeare,  Goethe, 
etc.  Influence  and  results.  Goethe's  visit  (Dec.  1779). — Earliest  attempts  in 
poetry  and  prose.  Themes  and  import  of  typical  poems  (Elegie  auf  den 
Tod  eines  Jlinglings,  Leichenphantasie,  Der  Abend,  Der  Eroberer,  Die 
Schlacht,  usw.)  Prose  writings.  Theme  and  style  of  'Schulreden'.  His 
first  dramas  (not  jireserved).  "Der  Student  von  Nassau."  Beginning  and 
progress  of   "Die   Rauber"    (without  detail). 

Briefe  usw:  "Feuertrunken",  p.  22-49;  cf.  also  p.  5-18  (father)  and 
49-61  (clinical  reports  etc.)  Hacker,  p.  3-20.  Jonas,  Band  1.  No. 
1-5  (reports,  No.  6-13).  'Gesprache',  ed.  von  Biedermann,  p.  11-51; 
or  Petersen,  p.  5-32. 

Two  of  the  following:  Ludwig,  p.  1-57.  Harnack,  Kap.  1.  Thomas, 
chap.  1.  Wychgram,  Kap.  1  und  2,  and  one  of  these:  Berger,  Band 
I,  Kap.  3-5  (p.  38-126).  Brahm,  Band  I,  p.  50-110.— On  the  poems: 
Minor,  L  118-92,  passim.    Kuhnemann,  13-23.    Petsch,  42-48. 

2.  "DIE  RAEUBER."    (A)  Published  1781  as  "Ein  Schauspiel." 

SS  2.  14-204;  15.  327-32.  B  2.  11-158.  S  3.  1-156.  DNL  3.  1-139. 
C  2.  13-136. — Edited,  with  brief  introduction  and  notes,  by  G.  Wit- 
kowski,  in  'Meisterwerke  der  deutschen  Biihne.' 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  75 

(B)   Published  1782  as  "Ein  Trauerspiel."    Theaterausgabe. 
SS  2.  205-335.    B  12.  237-344.    DNL  3.  141-217. 

General  (for  all  topics,  in  part). — Berger,  I.  Kap.  7;  Kap.  6,  8, 

passim.    Brahm,  I.  111-141.    Ludwig,  64-81.    Thomas,  chap.  2. 

(a)   GENESIS  AND  SOURCES   (of  A).    PLOT  AND  FORM.— 

Schubart's    "Zur    Geschichte    des    menschlichen    Herzens." 

Other  influences  in  plot.     'Erlebtes.'  —  Technical  structure. 

Language  and  style. 

The  initial  impulse.  Origin  of  the  theme.  Plot  and  characters  of  Schubart's 
story  (1775).  His  counsel. — Composition  begun  (1777).  Progress  and  inter- 
ruption. Schiller's  use  of  Schubart's  story.  Vital  changes;  reasons.  Completion 
of  "Die  Rauber".  Final  changes. — Publication. — Critical  analysis  of  plot  and 
motivation.  Strength  and  weakness.  Technical  structure.  Relation  of  the 
brothers.  The  separate  actions  (Acts  I-IIl);  the  climax;  their  union  (Acts 
IV,  V). — Storm  and  Stress  characteristics  of  language  and  style.  Significance 
of  the  ending. — Some  questions  of  probability  and  of  taste:  Hermann's  mes- 
sage. Franz's  suit.  The  Robbers'  victory.  Meeting  of  Karl  and  Amalia,  etc. 
— Reflections  of  Schiller's  environment  and  experience.  Time  and  place  of 
action.  Time-intervals.  Contemporary  and  local  allusions. — Reminders  of 
earlier  plays,  in  plot  and  motivation.  The  hostile  brothers.  Rivals  in  love. 
The  Kosinsky  episode.  The  'Ilungerturm'.  Lcnz's  "Die  beiden  Alten"  (cf. 
Topic  3,  c). 

Briefer  Jonas,  I.  p.  34,  35f  (No.  15,  16).  "Feuertrunken",  p.  70f. 
Hecker,  p.  22f.  'Gesprache',  ed.  von  Biedermann,  p.  52-54,  60f; 
ed.  Petersen,  p.  26f,  33f.  Schubart's  story:  DNL  3.  p.  iv-vii. — 
General,  see  above.  —  Bellermann,  Beitrage,  Band  1.  p.  61-84. 
Berger,  I.  139-50,  161-67.  Minor,  L  292-304.  Weltrich,  L  183-200, 
284-87,  345-63.  Kiihnemann,  63-74.  Weitbrecht,  56-73.  A.  Kontz: 
Les  Drames  de  la  Jeunesse  de  Schiller,  p.  207-256.  R.  Steig: 
Schiller's  Graubiindner  AfTare.  Euphorion,  12  (1905).  233-62. — 
Pfleiderer,  VV.  Die  Sprache  des  jungen  Schiller  usw.  In  (Paul 
und  Braune's)  Beitrage  zur  Geschichte  der  deutschen  Sprache 
und  Literatur.  xxviii.  Band.  Halle,  1903  (pp.  273-424).  Kasch, 
Friedrich.  Mundartliches  in  der  Sprache  des  jungen  Schiller. 
Greif.swald,  1900  (Dissertation). 
(b).  THE  CHARACTERS.  LITERARY  INFLUENCES.  IM- 
PORT. CONTEMPORARY  CRITICISM.— Reception  and 
influence.  Schiller's  own  Review. 
Text  of  the  'Schauspiel'  (A). — Vorreden  and  Selbstrezension:  SS 
2.  4-13,  2m-?>7,  354-75.  B  13.  167-70,  180-201.  S  16.  10-41.  DNL  12. 
ii.  131-56.    C  2.  13-16;  IS.  182-205. 

The  contrast  of  the  brothers.  How  portrayed.  Cardinal  traits  of  each.  Franz's 
intrigue.  His  motives;  his  protest;  his  logic.  Franz  and  Amalia.  His  tool, 
Hermann.  Franz's  blunders.  The  father. —  Karl's  past.  His  repentance.  His 
thirst  for  deeds.  Indictment  of  the  age.  The  letter  and  its  effect.  The  robber- 
band.  The  three  groups.  Their  doings.  Karl's  disillusionment.  Karl  and  the 
Pater.  The  battle  and  its  sequel.  Karl's  memories.  His  oath.  Kosinsky's  tale 
and  its  effect.  In  Franconia.  Karl  at  the  castle.  His  dilemma:  "To  be  or 
not  to  be."  The  discovery  and  the  consequences.  Karl's  baffled  hope.  His 
self-judgment;  its  significance. — Consistency  and  reasonableness  of  the  brothers' 
conduct.  Schiller's  own  criticism.  His  estimate  of  other  characters.  Con- 
temporary reviews  by  Timme  and  others. — Earlier  dramas  of  hostile  brothers. 


76  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

The  relation  of  Schiller's  brothers  '  to  those  in  Klinger's  "Die  Zwillinge" 
and  Leisewitz's  "Julius  von  Tarent."  Resemblances  and  essential  differences. 
Ideal  of  the  noble  bandit.  Cervantes.  Karl  Moor  and  Gotz  von  Berlichingen. 
Influence  of  Shakespeare's  "'Richard  III"  and  "Lear"  on  the  characterization 
of  Franz. — Social  and  political  import  of  "Die  Rauber."  Karl's  quarrel  with 
society.  Nature  and  significance  of  the  protest.  The  author's  intent;  alleged 
or  real?  His  'Vorreden'  and  'An  das  Publikuni.'  The  malady  and  the  cure 
(cf.  Schiller's  motto  and  that  added  in  2d  edition).    The  import  of  Karl's  fate. 

General,  see  above. — Bellermann:  Beitrage.  I.  84-97.  Berger,  I. 
148-60,167-73.  Minor,  I.  304-41,  410-20.  Petsch,  59-79.  Kiihnemann, 
29-63,  74-114.  Weitbrecht,  33-56.  Weltrich,  I.  363-84,  393-406. 
Bulthaupt,  I.  247-58.  Carlyle:  Life  of  Schiller  (Century  ed.),  15-24. 
Kontz,  257-69.  Braun:  Schiller  im  Urtheile  seiner  Zeitgenossen,  I. 
1-7  (Timme),  9-21  (Schiller),  26-27,  32-64  (Klein). 
(c)  STAGE  VERSION   OF  "DIE  RAEUBER."— Comparison  of 

the  'Schauspiel'  and  the  'Trauerspiel.' — First  performance. 

Later  influence. — A  sequel  planned. 
Text  of  the  'Trauerspiel',  see  above.     Text  of  the  'Schauspiel'  is 
prerequisite.    Schiller's  'Selbstrezension',  cf.  (b),  above. 
"Die  Braut  in  Trauer"  (sequel).   SS  15.  ZiZ-2,7.    B  10.  281-86.   S  8. 
301-05.   DNL  8.  190-94.   C  16.  277-79. 

Dalberg  and  his  theater.  His  approach  and  Schiller's  response.  The  proposed 
adaptation.  Dalberg's  requirements.  Schiller's  concessions.  External  and  in- 
ternal changes.  Effect  on  plot  and  motivation.  Hermann  and  Daniel,  Pastor 
Moser,  Karl  and  Amalia.  The  changed  ending,  in  respect  to  Franz  and  Amalia, 
as  played  Jan.  13,  1782,  and  as  published  in  the  'Theaterausgabe.'  The  vital 
change  in  Karl  and  its  effect. — Respective  worth  of  the  two  versions.  Schiller's 
own  opinion  (cf.  letters  to  Dalberg  and  'Selbstrezension').  The  first  per- 
formance. Schiller's  hopes.  A  second  trip  to  Mannheim  and  the  consequences. 
Later  productions.  Pliimicke's  adaptation. — Attitude  of  the  critics  and  the 
authorities.  Alleged  consequences.  Effect  on  later  German  drama. — Plans  for 
a  sequel. 

Brief e:  Jonas,  L  p.  36-59,  208,  252.  "Feuertrunken",  p.  63,  72-79. 
Hecker,  24-36.  Streicher,  39-41;  Reprint,  34-36.  Braun:  Schiller 
im  Urtheile  usw.,  \,  21-26. 

Bellermann,  I.  97-104.  Berger,  L  173-88.  Minor,  L  386-420.  Welt- 
rich, I.  384-93,  406-20.  Bulthaupt,  I.  237-58.  Kirchbach,  58-61. 
Kontz,  269-75.    Thomas,  58-62.    Wychgram,  66-76. 

*3.  MINOR  DRAMATISTS  OF  THE  STORM  AND  STRESS.— 
Gerstenberg,  a  forerunner.  Leisewitz.  Klinger.  Lenz. 
H.  L.  Wagner.  Maler  Miiller. 
Note. — For  the  Origins  of  the  Storm  and  Stress,  see  Program  of 
Second  Series,  Topics  6  (a)  Rousseau  and  6  (b)  Hamann  and 
Herder.  For  Goethe's  contribution,  see  Topics  7  (b)  "Gotz  von 
Berlichingen",  8  (c)  "Werthers  Leiden"  and  28  (a)  i,  'Urfaust.' 
These  topics  may  be  included  in  the  Program  of  the  Third  Series. 
Acquaintance  with  these  works  of  Goethe  and  with  Schiller's 
"Rauber"  and  "Kabale  und  Liebe"  should  precede  the  study  of 
any  author  under  this  topic. 

General  Introduction,  to  precede  the  study  of  any  of  the  fol- 
lowing topics:    Hettner,  III.  IIL   1.  p.  1-20.     A.  Sauer:  Stiirmer 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  " 

und  Dranger.  Einleitung.  DNL  Band  79,  p.  1-56.  Bielschowsky : 
Goethe.  1.  Kap.  9.  Kontz:  Les  Drames  de  la  Jeunesse  de  Schiller, 
136-46.    Gundoli:  Shakespeare  und  der  deutsche  Geist,  252-69. 

References  to  the  several  writers  are  to  the  selected  woiks, 
edited  by  August  Sauer:  Sturmer  und  Dranger.  3  liande.  DNL 
79-81,  and  by  Karl  Freye:  Sturm  und  Drang.  4  Teile  (abbrev.  SuD) 

*(a)  i.  GERSTENBERG    (1737-1823):     "Ugolino"    (1768). 

S  u  D  1.  Teil,  p.  1-51.    DNL  48.  205-69.  (Revision.  1815.) 

Ileinrich  Wilhelm  von  Geistenberg's  career  as  dramatist  and  critic  (brief 
sketch).  "Briefe  iiber  Merkwiirdigkeiten  der  Litteratur"  (1766-67).  Service 
to  study  and  production  of  Shakespeare. — Genesis  and  source  of  "Ugolino." 
The  real  Ugolino  and  his  fate  (1289).  Dante's  story:  "Divine  Comedy."  In- 
ferno, chap.  33. — Plot  and  characters  of  the  diama.  Realism.  Tragic  effects. 
Lessing's  criticism  (Brief  an  Gerstenberg,  25.  Feb.  1768;  G's  answer.  May?, 
1768).     Herdor's  review:    Werke,  eA.  Siiphan,  4.  308f;  cd.  Diintzer,  23.  85f. 

Freye,  S  u  D  1.  Teil,  p.  xiii-xxi.  Hettner,  IIL  IIL  1.  p.  93-102. 
M.  Jacobs:  Gerstenbergs  "Ugolino",  ein  Vorlaufer  des  Genie- 
dramas.  Berliner  Beitrage  zur  germanischen  und  romanischen 
Philologie,  Bd.  xiv  (1898).  Lessings  Briefe:  Werke  L-M  17,  No. 
195;  19.    No.  229.    H  20.  i.  No.  143;  20.  ii.  No.  118. 

ii.  LEISEWITZ   (1752-1806):    "Julius  von  Tarent"    (1776). 

DNL  79.  317-75.  S  u  D  1.  Teil,  55-108.  Herausgeg.  von  R.  M 
Werner.  Deut.  Lit'denkmale  No.  32. — Some  acquaintance  with 
"Die  Rauber"  is  prerequisite. 

Johann  Anton  Leisewitz's  career.  A  friend  of  Lessing. — The  Hamburg  Prize. 
The  three  competitors  and  their  common  theme.  The  common  source  of  Leise 
witz  and  Klinger.  The  latter's  victory  and  its  reason.  Leisewitz's  chagrin.^ 
The  plot  and  characters  of  "Julius  von  Tarent."  The  contrasted  brothers. 
Significance  of  their  traits. — The  locus  of  the  drama.  Typical  Storm  and 
Stress  characteristics.    Influence  on  Schiller's  early  plays. 

Sauer,  DNL  79,  307-15.  Freye,  S  u  D  1.  Teil,  xxi-xxvii.  Schillers 
Briefe:  Jonas,  I.  No.  65  (14.  Apr.  1783).  Hecker,  p.  73f.  Hettner, 
in.  III.  1.  p.  310-13.  Thomas:  Schiller,  p.  35-37,  187-88.  Minor: 
Schiller,  L  301-08;  XL  548-51.  Werner's  ed.,  Einleitung.  G.  Schaaps. 
Mod.  Lang.  Review,  6.  9-22.  E.  Wolff.  Zeits.  fur  deut.  Philol.  21. 
39f.  W.  Kiihlborn:  Leisewitzens  J.  v.  T.  Erlauterung  usw.  2.  Teil. 
*(b)  KLINGER  (1752-1831).  "Die  Zwillinge"  (1776).  "Sturm  und 
Drang"  (1777). 
DNL  79.  1-124.  S  u  D  3.  Teil,  61-113,  195-251.  "Das  leidende 
Weib"  (1775).  S  u  D  3.  Teil,  9-59.— Acquaintance  with  "Die  Riiuber' 
is  prerequisite. 

Friedrich  Maximilian  Klinger's  early  life.  His  struggle  and  rise.  Goethe's 
friendship  and  help.  K's  visit  at  Weimar  (June,  1776).  Breach  with  Goethe. 
Subsequent  reconciliation.  Goethe's  later  estimate  (in  "Dichtung  und  W'ahr- 
heit").— Klinger's  early  plays.  Theme  of  "Das  leidende  Weib."  Brief  analysis. 
Genesis  and  source  of  "Die  Zwillinge"  (cf.  under  Leisewitz,  Topic  3  (a)  ii). 
Plot  and  characters.  The  hostile  brother.  His  protest;  his  lust  of  deeds.  The 
passivity  of  Ferdinando.  His  fate.  Influence  on  "Die  Rauber." — "Sturm  und 
Drang."  The  original  title.  The  incoherent  action.  Import  (cf.  Kurz).  Time 
and  place.  The  Characters. — Language  and  style  of  Klinger's  plays.  Storm 
and  Stress  elements.  Wherein  typical? — Klinger's  later  career  (briefly).  His 
changed  literary  ideals. 


'8  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

Sauer,  DNL  79.  p.  iii-xvi.  Freye,  S  u  D  1.  Teil,  p.  lix-lxxviii,  Erich 
Schmidt:  Lenz  und  Klinger,  62-115.  W.  Kurz:  F.  M.  Klinger's 
•'Sturm  und  Drang".  Hettner,  III.  III.  1.  p.  220-33;  III.  III.  2.  p. 
355-71,  passim.  Goethe:  Dichtung  und  Wahrheit,  14.  Buch.  Werke, 
H  22.  147-50  (cf.  400-405).  J  24.  188-92.  Briefe  an  Merck,  24.  Juli, 
16.  Sept.  1776;  an  Lavater,  16.  Sept.  1776  (Stein:  Goethe-Briefe, 
2.  p.  57,  65,  66).— Minor:  Schiller,  I.  301-308.  Max  Rieger:  Klinger 
in  der  Sturm  und  Drang  Periode,  p.  18-24,  47-65,  86-105,  145-73, 
189-204.  O.  Heuer:  Fr.  Max.  Klinger.  Jhb.  d.  Freien  Deutschen 
Hochstifts.  1902,309-24.  O.  Erdmann:  Ueber  K's  dram.  Dichtung, 
p.  1-29.    Thomas:  Schiller,  p.  35-37.    Schaaps,  Wolff,  Top.   (a)   ii. 

*(c)  LENZ  (1751-1792):  "Der  Hofmeister"  (1774).  "Die  Soldaten" 
(1776).  DNL  80.  1-135.  S  u  D  2.  Teil,  59-178.  "Die  beiden 
Alten"  (1776).  S  u  D  2.  Teil,  179-196.— Acquaintance  with 
"Die  Rauber"  and  "Kabale  und  Liebe"  is  prerequisite. 

The  early  life  and  education  of  Jakob  Michael  Reinhold  Lenz.  His  Strass- 
burg  period.  Shakespeare  enthusiasm.  "Anmerkungen  iibers  Theater": 
Gesammelte  Schriften,  ed.  Ludwig  Tieck  (1828),  Bd.  II.  199-229.  Transla- 
tions: "Amor  vincit  omnia"  ("Love's  Labor's  lost"),  ibid.  Bd.  II.  230-97. — 
Friendship  with  Goethe.  Lenz  and  Friederike  Brion  (cf.  Second  Series,  Topic 
5  (a):  "Wo  bist  du  itzt"?  "Ach  bist  du  fort"?  "Die  Liebe  auf  dem  Lande." 
DNL  80.  p.  217,  218,  231f.  SuD  2.  Teil,  p.  12f,  33f.  Lenz  as  a  lyric  poet. 
Gedichte:  DNL  80.  211-71.  No.  3,  5,  11-14,  24-26,  42,  44,  51,  52,  59.  SuD 
2.  Teil,  11-57,  passim. — Lenz  at  Weimar  (April-Nov.  1776).  Relation  with 
Frau  von  Stein  and  others.  Eccentricities.  "Der  Waldbruder",  a  pendant 
to  "Werther"  (DNL  80.  175-209.  SuD  2.  Teil,  433-63).— Lenz's  'Eselei'  and 
its  consequence.  Later  career  and  fate.  Goethe's  estimate  (in  D  u  W). — Plot 
and  characters  of  "Der  Hofmeister,  oder  Vortheile  der  Privat-Erziehung." 
Influence  of  Rousseau's  "Nouvelle  Heloise"  (cf.  Second  Series,  Topic  6  (a) 
and  of  the  story  of  Abelard  (cf.  Encyclop.  Brit.  s.  v.  Abelard).  L's  educa- 
tional theory  and  practice.  Defense  of  human  nature. — Theme  and  import 
of  "Die  Soldaten."  Content.  Class-difference.  Significance  as  Storm  ana 
Stress  motif.  Relation  to  "Kabale  und  Liebe." — Theme  and  content  of  "Die 
beiden    .\lten.     Ein   Familiengemalde."     Influence   on   "Die   Rauber." 

Sauer,  DNL  80.  p.  iii-xvi.  Freye,  S  u  D  1.  Teil,  p.  xxvii-lii.  Erich 
Schmidt:  Lenz  und  Klinger,  4-61.  Dorer-Egloff :  Lenz  und  seine 
Schr.  145-74.  J.  Froitzheim:  Lenz  und  Goethe.  A.  Metz:  Friederike 
Brion,  98-126.  Hettner,  III.  III.  1.  p.  205-220.  Goethe:  Dichtung 
und  Wahrheit,  11.  14.  15.  Buch.  Werke,  H  22.  46f,  143-47  (cf.  .389- 
403),  190f.  J  24.  58f,  182-88,  243-45.  Briefe:  an  Merck,  24.  Juli,  16. 
Sept.  1776;  an  Lavater,  16.  Sept.;  an  Frau  von  Stein,  10.  Sept. — 
On  social  import  of  "Die  Soldaten"  cf.  Lenz's  recently  published 
essay:  "Ueber  die  Soldatenehen"  (1776),  ed.  Freye  (Berlin,  1914). 
O.  H.  Werner:  The  Unmarried  Mother  etc.  47-52.    Stober,  1-84. 

*(d)  WAGNER  (1747-1779):  "Die  Reue  nach  der  That"  (1775,  no 
modern  reprint).  "Die  Kindermorderin"  (1776).  DNL  80. 
283-357.  SuD  2.  Teil,  467-530.  Acquaintance  with  "Kabale 
und  Liebe"  is  prerequisite.  "Voltaire  am  Abend  seiner  Apo- 
theose"  (1778).    S  u  D  2.  Teil,  531-46, 

The  brief  career  of  Heinrich  Leopold  Wagner.  His  relations  with  Goethe. 
The  lattcr's  estimate  (in  DuW).  Wagner's  satires:  "Prometheus,  Deukallon 
und    seine    Rezensenten"     (DNL    80.    358-80)    and    "Voltaire." — Story    of 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  TK 

"Die  Reue  nach  der  That".  Coachman  Walz  and  his  daughter  (cf.  Miller  and 
Luise  in  "Kabale  und  Liebe").  The  faithful  aristocratic  lover  (cf.  Ferdinand 
in  "KuL")  and  his  parent's  opposition  (cf.  President  in  "K  u  L").  The 
tragic  issue. — The  genesis  and  original  six-act  form  of  "Die  Kindermorderin." 
Father  and  daughter  again.  Butcher  Humbrecht,  a  prototype  of  Miller.  The 
foolish  mother.  The  faithless  aristocratic  lover  and  his  friend  (cf.  Goethe's 
"Clavigo"  and  Lenz's  "Soldaten").  Evchen's  fate.  Wagner's  alleged  indebted- 
ness to  Goethe's  "Faust"  (cf.  D  u  VV  14.  Buch.  Werke,  H  22.  147,  399.  J  24. 
188).  Popularity  of  the  infanticide  motif.  Reasons.  Why  essentially  Storm 
and  Stress?  The  cruel  punishment  of  infanticide.  Efforts  to  mitigate  it. — 
Karl  Lessing's  revision  of  the  play:  "Evchen  Humbrecht,  oder  Ihr  Mutter 
merkt's  euch"  (1777).  Wagner's  own  revision:  "Evchen  Humbrecht.  Ein 
Schauspiel"  (1778).  His  comment. — The  element  of  class-difference  in  Wag- 
ner's tragedies;  of  Nature  vs.  convention.  Objective  position  of  the  author. 
Absence  of  protest,  as  compared  with  "Emilia  Galotti"  (1772)  and  "Kabale 
und  Lieoe"  (1784). 
Sauer,  DNL  80.  275-82.    Freye,  S  u  D  1.  Teil,  p.  lii-lix.    Herausges?. 

von  Erich  Schmidt:  Die  Kindermorderin, nebst  Szenen 

aus  den  Bearbeitungen  K.  G.  Lessings  und  Wagners.  Deutsche 
Litteraturdenkmale  des  18.  u.  19.  Jahrh.  No.  13  (1883).  Erich 
Schmidt:  H.  L.  Wagner,  Goethes  Jugendgenosse:  2te  Auflagc 
(1879).  J.  Froitzheim:  Goethe  und  H.  L.  Wagner.  O.  H.  Werner: 
The  Unmarried  Mother  etc.  1-11,  26-39,  44-52.  Hettner,  III.  III. 
1.  p.  23i-27.  Goethe:  Dichtung  und  Wahrheit.  Werke.  H  22.  147. 
192f,  399f,  449-51.  J  24.  188,  246-48.  Harvey's  ed.  "Kabale  und 
Liebe",  Introd.  p.  Ixxxix-xc.    Text. 

*(e)  MALER  MUELLER  (1749-1825):  "Golo  und  Genoveva"  (1775- 
81,  pub.  1811).  "Die  Schaaf-Schur,  eine  Pfalzische  Idylle" 
(1775).  DNL  81.  1-159,  191-221.  S  u  D  4.  Teil,  127-154, 
308-452. 

Friedrich  Miiller's  boyhood  at  Kreuznach.  Early  poverty  and  scant  education. 
Art  studies  (1766-70).  Ducal  patronage. 'At  Mannheim  (1774-78).  Dramatic 
writings.  Friendship  with  Lessing.  To  Italy  (1778).  Goethe  and  other  patrons. 
Goethe's  estimate  of  his  writings  (cf.  G's  letter,  June  21,  1781).  Their  meeting 
in  Rome.  M's  promise  as  painter  not  fulfilled.  Struggle  for  existence  in  Rome. 
His  royal  patron  in  last  years. — Miiller's  writings.  Popularity  of  his  idyls. 
Themes:  biblical,  classical,  national.  Pictures  of  peasant  life  in  "Die  Schaaf- 
Schur"  and  "Das  Nusskernen."  Significance. — Dramatic  works  and  plans.  His 
"Faust",  a  fragment.  His  masterwork.  The  legend  of  Genoveva  and  Miiller's 
treatment  of  it.  Analysis  of  plot  and  characters.  Indebtedness  to  "Gotz"  and 
"Werther."  The  'Machtweib',  Mathilde.  Golo,  compared  with  Weislingen  and 
Werther.  Storm  and  Stress  characteristics.  Local  color.  'Stimmung.'  Mviller 
as  the   romanticist  of  the   Storm  and   Stress.     Relations  with   Tieck. 

Sauer,  DNL  81.  p.  i-xii.  Freye,  S  u  D  1.  Teil,  p.  Ixxviii-xc.  Lessing: 
Briefe  an  M.  Mar.  1,  21,  Apr.  15.  May  6,  1777.  'Werke',  L-M  ed. 
Bd.  18.  Hempel  ed.  Bd.  20.  i.  Goethe:  Briefe  an  M.  Jun.  21,  Aug. 
9,  1781.  Stein:  Goethe-Briefe,  2.  p.  187,  200.  Idein:  Italienische 
Reise,  Nov.  3,  1786.  'Werke',  Hempel  ed.  24.  118.  677-78.— B.  Seuf- 
fert:  Maler  Miiller  (1877),  p.  10-58.  122-26.  143-76.  B.  Golz:  Pfalz- 
grafin  Genoveva.    Hettner,  III.  III.  1.  p.  238-52. 

*(f)  KLINGER'S  and  MALER  MUELLER'S  "FAUST."  —  A 
favorite  Storm  and  Stress  theme.  Its  relation  to  the  period. 
Parallels    between    the    times    of    Faust    and    those    of    the 


so  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

'Stiirmer  und  Dranger.'   Acquaintance  with  Goethe's  "Faust" 
prerequisite, 
i.  KLINGER:     "Fausts    Leben,    Thaten    und    Hollenfahrt."     Ein 
Roman.      In  fiinf  Buchern.      St.   Petersburg,  1791. 
DNL  79.   141-304. 

Begun  about  1776  and  completed,  in  great  part,  by  1780.  Essentially  a  Storm 
and  Stress  product.  Evidence  of  the  influence  of  Klinger's  early  years.  Con- 
temporary allusions.  Later  development  of  the  work.  Effect  of  K's  new 
environment  (at  St.  Petersburg).  Impulse  to  publication  (Goethe's  "Faust. 
Ein  Fragment",  1790).  Later  editions. — Form.  Use  of  dialog.  Analysis  of 
content.  Faust,  the  inventor  of  printing.  His  struggles  and  misfortunes. 
Motivation  of  his  compact  with  the  Devil.  His  quest  of  'VVissen  und  Genuss'. 
The  compact  and  its  sequel.  Faust's  travels  and  experiences — in  Germany, 
France,  Italy.  His  survey  of  human  misery  and  depravity.  Effect  upon  him. 
The  would-be  avenger.  The  Devil's  success.  The  climax  at  Rome.  Faust's 
return  home.  His  awakening.  Fate  of  his  family.  His  end.  His  reception 
in  Hell. —  Klinger's  sources.  His  own  statement  (cf.  DNL  79.  142).  Literary 
influences.  Volksbuch  and  I'uppenspiel.  Lessing's  "Faust"  (1759)  and  Maler 
Miiller's  (1778).  Rousseau's  influence  (see  'First  Discourse',  cf.  Second 
.Series,  Topic  6(a).  Did  K.  know  Goethe's  "Faust"  before  1790?  Some 
points  of  resemblance  and  difference.  Other  influences,  esp.  Milton  and 
Klopstock. — Import  of  K's  "Faust"  (cf.  his  letter  to  Goethe.  May  26,  1814. 
DNL  79.  p.  xiiif).  Use  of  satire — literary,  religious,  political.  Revolutionary 
significance. — Comparison  with  Goethe,  with  respect  to  Faust's  character  and 
the    ethical    import. 

G.  J.  Pfeiffer:  Klingers  Faust  (1890).   Erster  Teil  pub.  as  Disserta- 
tion, 1887.   Rieger:  F.  M.  Klinger,  II.  247-76.   F.  Prosch:  K's  philo- 
sophische  Roniane.    Goethe-Jahrbuch  3.  257-64  (K's  letter).    Hett- 
ner,  111.  III.  Z.   355-71.    Wood:  Faust-Studien,  229-90. 
ii.  MALER    MUELLER:    "Fausts    Leben,    dramatisiert."     Erster 
Theil.      Mannheim,    1778.  —  "Situation   aus    Fausts    Leben." 
Mannheim,  1776. 
S  u  D  4.  Teil,  221-306.     Critical   ed.  with  introd.    (p.  iii-xxvi)   by 
Bernhard  Seuffert:  Deut.  Litteraturdenkmale  des  18.  Jahrh.   Heil- 
bronn,  1881.— "Situation  aus  Fausts  Leben"  only,  DNL  81.  161-175. 

Miiller's  early  interest  (at  Kreuznach)  in  the  Faust  legend.  His  conception 
of  Faust  (cf.  the  dedication  to  von  Gemmingen,  S  u  D  4.  223-26.  Seuffert's 
ed.  5-10).  Publication  of  the  "Situation".  Its  dedication.  Reception.  Friend- 
ship with  Lessing  at  Mannheim  (1777).  Discussion  of  M's  Faust  plan.  Rela- 
tion to  Lessing's.  Latter's  advice.  Pub.  of  Erster  Theil.  Content  (only  as 
to  scenes  directly  concerning  Faust).  Conception  of  Faust's  character.  His 
Titanism.  Revolt  against  human  limitations.  Disparity  between  his  ideas  and 
their  execution.  The  banal  motive  of  his  alliance  with  the  Devil.  Influence 
of  Volksbuch  and  Puppenspiel.  The  "Situation"  from  Theil  II.  Further  plans. 
Abandonment.     Resumption    after    1808. 

Seuffert,  Einleitung,  see  above.  Idem:  Maler  Miiller,  176-201,  609- 
14.  Sauer,  DNL  81.  p.  vif.  Freye,  S  u  D  I.  Teil,  p.  Ixxxvif.  Hett- 
ner,  HI.  III.  1.  p.  242-44. 

*4.  "ANTHOLOGIE  AUF  DAS  JAHR  1782",  includ  ng  "Semele."— 
Other  poems  of  1781. — Schubart,  a  Storm  and  Stress  con- 
temporary poet. 

SS  1.  204-313,  341-60.  B  1.  14-56;  9.  44-94.  S  1.  221ff;  2.  20-56  (cf. 
notes,  p.  307ff).   DNL  2.  75-122.   C  1.  13-48;  15.  282-96.— Most  con- 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  81 

veniently  arranged  in  B;  see  chronolog.  list  in  B  1.  397  and  9.  487-88. 
"Semele":  SS  1.  313-40.  B  9.  223-42.  S  7.  285-310.  DNL  6.  i.  319- 
3Z.   C  3.  229-48. 

"Anthologie":  Widmung,  Vorrede,  Selbstrezension.  SS  1.  197-203. 
B  9.  40-44;  13.  212-14.  S  16.  5-10.  DNL  12.  ii.  156-59,  174-77.  C  15. 
205-10.    Schubart's  Gedichte.     DNL  81.    307-434. 

Stiiudlin's  "Musenalnianach"  and  his  rivals.  The  collection  of  83  poems  by 
Schiller  and  his  friends  (Hoven,  Ilaug,  Petersen  et  al.).  Questions  of  author- 
ship.— Characteristic  poems  by  Schiller.  Storm  and  Stres.=  themes.  The 
'Laura  Poems,'  "Die  Kindesmorderin"  etc.  Other  poems.  "Der  Venus- 
wagen." — Schiller's  dedication  and  preface.  His  own  review.  Other  contem- 
porary criticism.  Merits  and  defects  of  Schiller's  early  poetry.  The  realistic 
and  morbid.  The  philosophical  element.  Analysis  of  passion.  'Laura'  and 
Frau  Vischer.     Command  of  poetic  language.     Dramatic  quality. — 

Chr.  Dan.  Fr.  Schubart  (1743-1791),  Suabian  musician,  poet,  journalist. 
His  character  and  talents.  The  victim  of  Karl  Eugen's  displeasure.  His 
imprisonment  (1776-86).  The  occasion  and  manner  of  his  release. — Schubart's 
influence  on  "Die  Rauber".  His  review.  Meeting  with  Schiller  (cf.  "Feuer- 
trunken",  p.  75).  —  Typical  poems  of  Schubart.  Their  protest:  cf.  "Die 
Fiirstengruft",  DNL  81.  375,  and  Schiller's  "Die  schlimmen  Monarchen"; 
"Kaplied",  p.  430,  and  "Kabale  und  Liebe,"  II.  2;  see  Hervey's  ed.  of 
"K  u  L",  p.  259. 

Berger,  L  195-223.  Minor,  L  420-480.  Weltrich,  423-514,  passim, 
514-46.  Petsch,  48-59.  Kuno  Fischer:  Schiller-Schriften,  L  83-125. 
Kiihnemann,  23-29.  Ernst  Miiller:  Schillers  Jugenddichtung,  35-66, 
107-17.  'Gesprache';  ed.  Biedermann,  p.  62;  ed.  Petersen,  p.  135f. 
Schubart:  Sauer,  DNL  81.  291-3U5.  Poems,  No.  1.  17,  20,  26,  29, 
37,  39,  42,  46,  49,  55,  56,  57,  62,  64,  65,  66,  67.  DNL  81.  307-434, 
passim. 

REGIMENTAL  SURGEON  (Jan.  1781-Sept.  1782).  FUGITIVE 
IN  HIDING  (Sept.  1782-July,  1783).— In  the  ducal  service 
at  Stuttgart,  Flight  and  wanderings  with  Streicher  (Sept. 
22-Nov.  30).  Andreas  Streicher  and  his  book.  In  refuge  at 
Bauerbach  (Dec.  7,  1782-July  24,  1783). 

Release  from  the  Academy.  Profc-ssional  duties.  Hardships.  Friends  and 
associates.  Literary  activity.  Publications  (without  detail).  The  leap  to  fame. 
Plans  and  ambitions.  Connection  made  with  Dalberg.  Schiller's  hope.  "Die 
Rauber"  produced  (Jan.  13,  1782).  Further  negotiations  with  Dalberg.  The 
Grisons  affair.  A  second  trip  to  Mannheim  and  the  consequences.  Schiller's 
resolve.  The  tlight  with  Streicher  (Sept.  22).  .\t  Mannheim  as  Dr.  Ritter. 
At  Frankfurt  (Sept.  29c.  Oct.  15).  The  appeal  to  Dalberg  and  the  answer. 
In  hiding  at  Oggersheim  as  Dr.  Schmidt  (c.  Oct.  15-Nov.  30).  Frau  von 
Wolzogen's  offer.  Departure  (Nov.  30).  At  Bauerbach.  Reinwald. — New 
plays.  Charlotte  von  Wolzogen's  visits.  Schiller's  suit. — Dalberg's  approach 
and  Schiller's  response  (.\pr.  3).  The  result. — Schiller's  two  friends  in  need. 
Streicher's  devotion.  His  important  book.  pub.  1836.  Scope  and  style.  His 
later    career. — Friendship    with    Frau    von    \\'olzogen.     Their    correspondence. 

Briefe:  Jonas,  1.  (in  part)  No.  17,  24,  26,  28,  45,  48,  49,  51,  53,  54, 
58,  61,  63,  66,  68.  69,  73.  75.  77-80,  83,  84.  "Feuertrunken",  p.  62-141, 
including  extracts  from  Streicher.  Hecker,  p.  24-5,  34-54,  60-68, 
71-2,  80-97.— Streicher:  Schillers  Flucht,  (1st  ed.)  p.  64-160; 
Reprint,  p.  3-10,  49-109.  'Gesprache':  ed.  Biedermann,  p.  51-122; 
ed.  Petersen,  p.  32-92. — Read  one  from  each  group:  (a)  Ludwig, 
92-114,129-39.  Thomas,  chap.  3,  5.   Wychgram,  78-123.    (b)  Berger, 


82  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

I.  Kap.  6,  10,  11,  13  (c.  80  pp.).  Brahm,  I.  187-227.  Minor,  I.  525- 
45;  II.  1-24,  70-112. 

6.  "DIE   VERSCHWOERUNG  DES    FIESKO    ZU    GENUA.      Ein 
republikanisches  Trauerspiel"   (1783). 

SS  3.   1-161.    B  2.   171-296.    S  3.   157-292.    DNL  3.  219-330.    C  2. 
137-244.    Edited,  with  brief  introd.  and  notes  by  G.  Witkowski,  in 
"Meisterwerke  der  deutschen  Biihne."   (Leipzig,  Hesse.) 
General.— Berger,  I.  Kap.  12.   Brahm,  I.  228-43.   Ludwig,  p.  114-29. 
Thomas,  chap.  4. 

(a)  GENESIS  AND  SOURCES.    PLOT  AND  FORM.— The  his- 

tory and  Schiller's  use  of  it. 

The  initial  suggestion.  Rousseau's  comment.  The  'erhabener  Verbrecher' 
again.  The  work  begun,  summer  1782.  Schiller's  first  conception.  Historical 
studies  (Retz,  Robertson)  and  their  effect.  The  reading  at  Mannheim,  Sept. 
25,  1782.  Dalberg's  decision.  Revision  at  Oggersheim,  Nov.  '82.  Rejected 
again.  Publication,  April,  '83. — Critical  analysis  of  plot.  Primary  action, 
Fiesco-Doria-Verrina.  The  Berta  plot;  its  purpose.  Historic  and  scenic  back- 
ground. Variations  from  history. — Striking  situations.  Some  crass  effects. 
Language    and    style.     Storm    and    Stress    elements. 

Briefer  Jonas,  I.  No.  36,  40.  "Feuertrunken",  p.  lOOf,  103f,  108f. 
Hecker,  p.  45-47,  51f,  56.  Streicher,  42f,  60,  70f,  84,  90-96,  102f, 
112f,  121-27,  130-34,  171-72;  Reprint,  36f,  47,  53f,  62,  65-69,  74f, 
79,  85-88,  90-93,  116-17.— 'Gesprache',  ed.  Biedermann,  cf.  Register, 
p.  504;  ed.  Petersen,  Reg.  p.  476.   General,  as  above. — Bellermann, 

I.  118-42.  Berger,  I.  272-79.  Minor,  II.  24-30,  60-70.  Kontz,  276-87, 
295-331.  Kuhnemann,  182-90.  Landwehr:  Dichterische  Gestalten 
in  geschichtlicher  Treue,  p.  1-14.  R.  Weltrich:  Schillers  Fiesco 
und  die  geschichtliche  Wahrheit.  Marbacher  Schillerbuch,  III 
(1909).   292-409.— Language:  Pfleiderer,  see  Topic  2(a). 

(b)  CHARACTERS  AND  IMPORT.— A  "republican  tragedy"?— 

Literary  influences.    Lessing.    Shakespeare. 

The  three  groups  of  characters  and  their  centers:  Doria,  Verrina,  Fiesco. 
Their  inter-relation  and  inter-dependence.  Complexity  and  skill  of  motivation. 
Muley  Hassan's  character  and  function.  Critical  analysis  of  Fiesco  and  Ver- 
rina. Questions  in  the  estimate  of  Fiesco:  A  Brutus  or  a  Catiline?  His  vacil- 
lation; prolonged  or  momentary?  His  intrigue  with  Julia;  feigned  or  real? 
Is  the  reader  (or  audience)  deceived  (cf.  Thomas)?  Proof.  His  diplomacy: 
the  painter's  visit;  the  fable.  Fiesco  and  the  Moor.  Fiesco's  blunder;  how 
explained?  Fiesco's  treatment  of  Leonore;  how  explained?  The  unmasking 
of  Julia.  Fiesco's  chivalry  (Andreas).  His  momentary  triumph.  Retribution. 
Nemesis. — Verrina  in  history  and  in  Schiller's  drama.  His  austere  virtue 
(cf.  Odoardo  Galotti).  His  motives. — Leonore  and  Julia.  Defects  in  portrayal. 
Giannettino  and  his  henchmen.  The  type.  Indebtedness  to  Lessing.  Fiesco's 
henchmen  and  their  motives.  Andreas.- — Political  import.  Intention  and  exe- 
cution.    Significance   of   tlieme   and   material. 

General,  as  above.  Bellermann,  I.  129-44.   Berger,  I.  279-93.  Minor, 

II.  30-60.  Bulthaupt,  I.  263-72.  Kirchbach,  55-56.  Kontz,  288-91, 
331-44.  Kuhnemann,  171-82.  Petsch,  79-81.  Weitbrecht,  74-88. 
Landwehr,  see  Topic   (a). 

(c)  STAGE  VERSION  OF  "FIESCO".  — RECEPTION.  —  Com- 

parison of  'Theaterausgabe'  with  original.      Contemporary 
criticism  of  each. 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  83 

"Die  Verschworung  des  Fiesco  zu  Genua.  Ein  Schauspiel"  (1784). 
SS  3.  185-347.  B  12.  351-453.  DNL  3.  331-409.— Reading  of  original 
version  prerequisite. 

•Zur  Erinnerung  an  das  Publikum,'  SS  3.  349-51.  B  13.  216-19. 
DNL  3.  p.  xlvi-xlviii. 

Second  revision  of  "Fiesco",  autumn  1783.  Changes  in  content.  Principal 
omissions  and  transpositions;  reasons  therefor.  Vital  differences  in  plot  (esp. 
those  affecting  Fiesco,  Leonore,  Verrina,  Berta).  The  changed  ending  and 
preparatory  events.  Effect  on  Fiesco's  character  and  on  the  import  of  the 
drama.  Relative  merit  of  the  two  versions. — First  performance,  Jan.  11,  1784. 
Reception  at  Mannheim.  Production  at  Berlin  and  elsewhere. — Contemporary 
criticism   of   the   book  and   the   play. 

Briefe:  Jonas,  I.  p.  156f,  185.  Hecker,  p.  109.  Streicher,  p.  162-65, 
172f,  183;  Reprint,  p.  110-12,  116f,  123.— BeUermann,  I.  145-52. 
Minor,  II.  196-211.  Berger,  I.  348-52.  Bulthaupt,  1.  259-75.  Kontz, 
290-95,  345-50.  Braun:  Schiller  im  Urtheile  usw.,  I.  30f,  65-71, 
176f,  226-30. 

'KABALE  UND   LIEBE.     Ein  burgerliches  Trauerspiel"    (1784). 

SS  3.  353-507.  B  2.  309-421.  S  3.  293-420.  DNL  4.  1-102.  C  2. 
245-340.  Edited,  with  introduction,  notes  and  appendix,  by  W.  A. 
Hervey  (Holt).  For  selected  bibliography,  see  Hervey's  ed., 
Appendix  C. 

General. — Berger,  I.  Kap.  15.  Brahm,  I.  294-325.  Ludwig,  151-65. 
Thomas,  112-36,  145-46.— 

(a)  GENESIS.     PLOT  AND  FORM.      Stage  production.    Trans- 

lations. 

Conception  of  "Lulse  Mlllerin",  July,  1782.  Interest  in  the  theme.  Progress 
of  the  plan.  Work  at  Oggersheim  (Oct. -Nov.).  Continuation  and  completion 
at  Bauerbach,  Feb.  1783.  Dalberg's  interest.  Schiller's  warning.  Extensive 
revision,  April-July,  1783.  Questions  as  to  changes.  The  'Bauerbach  frag- 
ment' (cf.  Hervey's  ed.  p.  xxii).  The  play  read  at  Mannheim,  Aug.  13. 
Preparation  for  the  stage.  Change  of  title.  Publication,  March,  1784. — Critical 
analysis  of  plot  and  structure.  Three  main  sources  of  the  action:  President, 
Wurm  and  Ferdinand.  Unity  of  action  through  common  object,  Luise. 
Motivation.  Effective  situations.  Suspense.  'Stimmung.'  Humor.  —  The  sec- 
ondary action:  Milford.  Its  purpose.  Use  of  the  episode  (Kammerdiener). — 
Time  and  place;  how  indicated.  Question  of  duration.  Language  and  style. 
First  performance  at  Frankfurt  (Apr.  13),  at  Mannheim  (Apr.  15).  Streicher's 
account.  Subsequent  production  at  Mannheim.  On  the  foreign  stage.  Dumas' 
adaptation. 

Briefe:  Jonas,  I.  p.  85.  87,  94,  97,  100,  106f,  110,  116,  119f,  122, 
132,  137,  177,  180f.  "Feuertrunken",  p.  107,  112,  128f.  132,  139f. 
Hecker,  p.  57,  63,  68,  71f.  80,  91,  127.— Streicher,  p.  110,  120.  156-58, 
173-76,  183;  Reprint,  p.  78,  84,  106-08,  117-19,  123.— 'Gesprache',  ed. 
Biedermann,  Register,  p.  504;  ed.  Petersen,  Reg.  p.  476. — Hervey's 
ed.  p.  xi-xxxv,  ci-ciii,  264-69.  Mentzel.  Jhb.  d.  F.  d.  H.  1909.  295f. 
General,  see  above. — Miiller:  Schillers  K  u  L,  p.  56-79.  BeUermann, 
1.  169-99.  Berger,  I.  354-63,  374-80.  Minor,  II.  112-16,  211-19. 
Kijhnemann.   192-213.    Kettner:  Schiller-Studien,  p.  32-50. 

(b)  CHARACTERS  AND  IMPORT.— A  drama  of  protest.— Con- 

temporary and  later  criticism.     Mooted  points. 


84  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

The  two  groups.  The  antithesis  of  bourgeoisie  and  aristocracy,  and  its  sig- 
nificance.-— Luise's  home  and  parents.  The  lovers.  Motives  of  the  opposition, 
Wurm  and  President.  Milford's  role.  Her  defection  and  the  result.  Wurm 
and  Kalb:  cunning  and  stupidity.  Function  of  each.  Ferdinand  on  the 
defensive.  His  change  of  position.  Luise's  passivity;  its  cause  and  its  effect. 
The  justification  of  her  fate.  Miller  as  father  and  as  subject.  (The  foregoing 
are  some  of  the  points  to  be  included  in  an  exhaustive  critical  analysis  of  the 
characters,,their  motives,  acts  and  utterances.) — Some  mooted  questions:  The 
relation  of  father  and  son.  Ferdinand's  earlier  cowardice  and  later  heroism. 
His  first  suspicion  of  Luise;  his  easy  deception;  his  final  act.  Luise's  resigna- 
tion. Her  submission  to  Wurm;  her  silence.  The  President's  self-deception 
and  blunders.  His  attempts  to  persuade  Ferdinand;  to  coerce  him.  Wurm's 
exposure. — Contemporary  opinions  of  the  play.  Moritz's  review. —  Significance 
of  "K  u  L"  as  a  'biirgerliches  Trauerspiel.'  Import  of  the  protest,  social  and 
political.  Nature  vs.  convention.  Storm  and  Stress  motifs.  The  right  of  the 
individual.    Significance  of  the  conflict. 

General,  see  above.  —  Bellermanri/  I.  180-209.  Berger,  I.  354-74. 
Bulthaupt,  I.  276-90.  Minor,  II.  134-61.  Mullet,  56-83,  passim. 
Hervey's  ed.  p.  xxxv-lv,  xcv-xcix,  ciii-cvi.  Cf.  Comment,  p.  158f, 
169f,  186f,  195f,  205f,  213f,  etc.  Kirchbach,  57f.  Kontz,  100-14. 
Kuhnemann,  214-25.  Petsch,  82-83.  Weitbrecht,  89-113.  Braun: 
Schiller  im  Urtheile  usw.  I.  71-80,  94-97,  102f,  104,  130f,  178-81, 
216-22. 

(c)  HISTORICAL  AND  LITERARY  MODELS.— 'ERLEBTES*. 
— The  Dukes  of  Wiirttemberg  and  their  court.  Use  of  real 
persons  and  incidents. — Literary  antecedents.  Rousseau. 
'Das  biirgerliche  Trauerspiel':  Lessing,  Gemmingen,  and 
other  forerunners.     Minor  influences. 

Personal  experiences  reflected  in  "K  u  L".  Some  borrowed  names. — The  use 
of  Wiirttemberg  history,  past  and  present.  Dukes  Eberhard  Ludwig  (1693- 
1733)  and  Karl  Eugen  (1744-1793),  and  their  mistresses.  The  plan  for  Ferdi- 
nand's marriage.  The  President's  prototype.  The  Kammerdiener's  story.  Sig- 
nificant incidental  happenings  and  allusions.  How  "K  u  L"  made  the  stage 
a  tribunal. — Origins  of  the  'Family  Novel'  (Richardson)  and  the  'Middle-Class 
Drama'  (Diderot).  The  motif  of  class-distinction  in  Rousseau's  "La  Nouvelle 
Heloise"  (1761).  Julie's  and  Luise's  conflict  of  love  and  duty.  The  indict- 
ment of  the  aristocracy.  Influence  of  Lessing's  "Miss  Sara  Sampson"  (17SS) 
and  "Emilia  Galotti"  (1772).  The  'man  between  two  women'.  The  'Macht- 
weib'  (Marwood,  Orsina,  Milford).  The  political  protest  in  "Emilia  Galotti" 
and  "K  u  L".  Traces  of  influence  in  plot  and  characterization.  The  moral 
antithesis  of  aristocrat  and  commoner. — "Der  teutsche  Hausvater"  of  Gem- 
mingen (1780).  Influence  of  characters  and  situations.  Significant  solution 
of  the  problem.  Vital  differences. — Influence  of  minor  Storm  and  Stress 
dramas,  esp.  of  Wagner's  "Reue  nach  der  That"  and  "Kindermorderin";  of 
Shakespeare's  "Othello." 

Berger,  I.  354-62.  Minor,  II.  117-34.  MuUer:  Schillers  K  u  L, 
p.  1-55.  Kontz,  100-14.  Kuhnemann,  210-13,  226-37.  Streicher,  120, 
124,  175;  Reprint,  84-86,  118.  Hervey's  ed.  p.  ix-lxviii  and  cited 
references.  Allgemeine  Deutsche  Biographic,  Bd.  XV,  p.  376-93 
(Karl  Eugen).  Joh.  G.  Pahl:  Geschichte  von  Wirtemberg,  Bd.  V, 
1-190,  passim.  L.  T.  Spittler:  Sammtliche  Werke,  XII,  321-50. 
F.  Kapp:  Der  Soldatenhandel  deutscher  Fiirsten  nach  Amerika. 
L.  Vely:  Franziska  von  Hohenheim,  Kap.  2,  3.  E.  Miiller:  Eine 
neue  Quelle  usw.  cf.  Hervey,  2d  ed.  p.  177. 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  85 

8.  ORIGIN   AND    DEVELOPMENT    OF   THE    MIDDLE-CLASS 

DRAMA.  —  English  antecedents.  Lessing.  —  Rousseau. 
Diderot. — Gemmingen. 
General. — Arthur  Eloesser:  Das  biirgerliche  Drama  (Berlin,  1898). 
(a)  LESSING  AS  FORERUNNER.— "Miss  Sara  Sampson"  and 
"Emilia  Galotti."  Lessing's  relation  to  the  English  middle- 
class  tragedy  (Lillo)  and  family  novel  (Richardson). 

Debut  of  the  middle  class  in  English  tragedy.  Relation  to  social  and  political 
conditions.  Lillo's  "London  Merchant"  (1731).  Theme  and  import.  Recep- 
tion. Lessing's  theory  and  estimate  of  the  'new  drama.' — The  family  novel 
of  Richardson.  "Clarissa  Harlowe"  (1748).  Lessing's  family  tragedy,  "Miss 
Sara  Sampson"  (1755).  Theme  and  background.  Indebtedness  to  Lillo  and 
Richardson  (without  detail).  Lessing's  interest  in  Diderot's  drama  and 
dramatic  theory  (cf.  Vorrede  to  transl.  of  "Diderots  Theater",  1760,  Werke: 
L-M  8.  286-89.  II  11.  ii.  3-6.  DNL  8.  161-64.  C  8.  221-24).— The  new- 
element  in  "Emilia  Galotti",  aristocracy  vs.  bourgeoisie.  Social  and  political 
import.  Beginning  of  the  biirgerliches  Trauerspiel'  proper.  Its  culmination 
in  Schiller's   "Kabale  und  Liebe  "    (reading  prcretj.   to  this   topic). 

For  bibliography,  see  First  Series,  Topics  9b  and  18b. 
*(b)  DIDEROT    AND    GEMMINGEN    AS    FORERUNNERS.— 
"Le    pere   de    famille"    (1758).     "Der    teutsche    Hausvater" 
(1780).       Rousseau's   contribution:    'La   nouvelle   Heloise" 
(1761). 

Diderot's  family  dramas.  "Le  pere  de  famille"  in  Lessing's  translation,  "Der 
Hausvater."  The  problem  of  class  distinction.  Its  solution.  Mutual  admira- 
tion of  Diderot  and  Lessing  (cf.  L's  Vorrede,  see  under  (a),  above). — Gem- 
mingen's  treatment  of  the  theme  in  "Der  teutsche  Hausvater."  Nevir  sig- 
nificance of  his  solution.  National  tendency. — Class  prejudice  in  Rousseau's 
novel,  "La  nouvelle  Heloise."  The  strengthened  protest.  Nature  vs.  Con- 
vention. The  moral  antithesis.  The  climax  of  these  tendencies  in  "Kabale 
und    Liebe"    (reading   prereq.    to   this   topic). 

Denis  Diderot  (1713-84):  "Le  pere  de  famille",  transl.  Lessing: 
"Der  Hausvater".  Werke  (cf.  First  Series,  p.  5):  H  11.  ii.  147-233. 
DNL  8.  305-92.— Eloesser,  61-77.  Hettner,  U.  p.  329-43.  G.  Kett- 
ner:  Lessings  Dramen,  45-61.  Kontz,  125-31.  C.  Flaischlen,  see 
below.   John  Morley:  Diderot,  vol.  I.  chap.  7. 

Otto  Heinrich  von  Gemmingen  (1755-1836):  "Der  deutsche  Haus- 
vater". DNL  r.d.  139.  i.  p.  1-83.— Caesar  Flaischlen:  O.  H.  von 
Geniniingcn:  mit  einer  Vorstudie  iiber  Diderot.  Eloesser,  137-42. 
— Rousseau:  cf.  Sec.  Ser.  Top.  6a,  8d. 

9.  THEATER-POET     AT     MANNHEIM.  —  CHARLOTTE     VON 

KALB.  (July,  1783-April,  1785.)  'Theaterdichter',  Sept.  1783- 
Aug.  1784.  Relations  with  Dalberg  and  his  company.  Winter 
of  1784-85.— Schiller  on  the  office  of  the  Stage.— Schiller 
and  Frau  von  Kalb.    "Der  Kampf",  "Resignation." 

Schiller's  contract.  .\  good  begfnning.  Illness  and  dtbt.  l-"rau  von  Wolzogen's 
aid;  his  confidante  and  counsellor.^ — Production  of  "Eiesco"  (Jan.  11)  and 
"Kabale  und  Liebe"  (Apr.  13,  15).  Election  to  the  Deutsche  Gesellschaft 
(Feb.  '84).  His  address  (see  below).  —  Dalberg's  disaffection.  Iffland's  in- 
trigues. Getter's  farce,  "Der  schwarze  Mann".  Continued  difficulties.  His 
father's  attitude  (cf.  letters  in  "Feuertrunken",  p.  179-93).  Termination  of 
Schiller's  office  (Sept.  '84).  In  desperate  straits.  Holzel's  timely  aid  and 
its  requital   (cf.  "Feuertrunken",   I78f). — An  unanswered  letter   (May,   1784) 


86  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

from  Leipzig.  Schiller's  reply  (Dec.  7,  '84)  and  what  came  of  it.  New  and 
generous  friends.  Schiller's  new  project.  Departure  from  Mannheim  (April, 
'85). — Friends  at  Mannheim.  Schwan;  his  daughter,  Margarete. — Charlotte 
von  Kalb  (Apr.  '84).  Development  of  their  relation.  Her  character  and 
influence  on  Schiller.  A  crisis.  Schiller's  renunciation.  His  'confession': 
"Freigeisterei  der  Leidenschaft"  ("Der  Kampf"),  1784,  and  "Resignation", 
1785.  Their  subsequent  relations. — A  title  from  Karl  August  of  Weimar 
(Dec.  '84). — Dramatic  work  at  Mannheim  (without  detail).  Progress  on  "Don 
Carlos." — His  'Theaterrede'  before  the  Deutsche  Gesellschaft  (May,  '84)  and 
his  earlier  essay  (in  Wiirttemberg  Repertorium,  1782).  Analysis  of  content. 
Theories  of  reform. 

Briefer  Jonas,  I.  No.  85-88,  91-95,  99,  101,  102,  107,  108,  110,  112, 
120,  124-130.  "Feuertrunken",  p.  142-221.  Hecker,  p.  93-169.— 
'Gesprache',  ed.  Biedermann,  p.  123-50,  cf.  Register,  s.  v.  Kalb, 
p.  494;  ed.  Petersen,  p.  92-125,  cf.  Reg.  s.  v.  Kalb,  p.  467-68.— 
Streicher:  Schillers  Flucht  usw.  160-216;  Reprint,  109-44. 
GEDICHTE:  "Freigeisterei  der  Leidenschaft"  ("Der  Kampf"), 
"Resignation."  B  1.  56-61,  S  1.  196-99,  247-48.  SS  1.  DNL  1.  C  1. 
Nollen:  Schiller's  Poems,  p.  27-33  and  notes. — Ida  Boy-ed:  Char- 
lotte von  Kalb.  Kopke:  ditto.  'THEATERREDE'  usw.:  Ueber  das 
gegenwartige  deutsche  Theater"  (1782).  "Die  Schaubiihne  als  eine 
moralische  Anstalt  betrachtet"  (originally  entitled,  "Was  kann 
eine  gute  stehende  Biihne  eigentlich  wirken"  (1784).  SS  2.  340-48; 
3.  512-24.  B  13.  77-96.  S  11.  80-100.  DNL  12.  ii.  160-67;  191-204. 
C  12.  37-43,  50-57.  For  the  original  introduction  to  the  'Theater- 
rede', see  SS  3.  509-12.  B  13.  506-08.— On  these  essays  cf.  Minor, 
L  504-09;  IL  284-93.  Berger,  L  228f,  387fif.  Wilm:  S's  Philosophy, 
58-64. — Read  two  from  group  (a),  one  from  group  (b) :  (a)  Lud- 
wig,  139-52,  165-87.  Harnack,  88-148,  passim.  Thomas,  chap.  7. 
Wychgram,  127-219.— (b)  Berger,  L  Kap.  14,  16,  17  (c.  85  pp.). 
Brahm,  L  269-93,  326-82    Minor,  H.  162-96,  217-52,  293-353. 

10.  "DON  KARLOS.  Infant  von  Spanien.  Ein  dramatisches  Gedicht" 
(1785-1787). 
SS  5.  ii.  142-453.  B  3.  15-256.  S  4.  DNL  4.  103-352.  C  3.  5-228. 
Edited,  with  introduction  and  notes,  by  F.  W.  C.  Lieder  (Oxford 
Press).  For  partial  bibliography,  see  Lieder's  ed.  p.  Ixxvff. 
General.— Berger,  I.  Kap.  20.  Brahm,  I.  48-91.  Ludwig,  214-25. 
Thomas,  ch.  9.  Reading  of  the  complete  drama  required  for  all 
topics. 

(a)   GENESIS.      PLOT   AND    FORM.— The   Bauerbach   scenario 

(1783).    Serial  publication  in  the  "Thalia"   (1785-87).    The 

completed  drama  (1787)  and  subsequent  abridgements  (1801, 

1805).    The  prose  stage  version.    Production. 

'Bauerbacher  Entwurf:  SS  3.  180-84.   DNL  4.  Ixi-lxiii.  Wychgram, 

Kap.  5,  end. — "Thalia"  version  of  Acts  I,  II,  III,  1-7  (now  lines 

1-2886):    SS   5.   i.    1-199.     B   9.   279-446.    DNL  4.   353-422.— Prose 

•Biihnenbearbeitung':  DNL  4.  423-476. 

Initial  suggestion  of  the  subject.  Beginnings  at  Bauerbach.  What  the  'Ent- 
wurf indicates.  Original  theme  and  import.  Progress  at  Mannheim.  The 
first  instalment.     Reasons   for  serial   publication.     Continuation   at  Leipzig  and 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  87 


Dresden.  The  debt  to  Korner.  Further  instalments.  Completion. — Critical 
analysis  of  plot  and  motivation.  Complexity  of  structure  and  its  causes.  The 
modified  conception.  How  explained?  The  new  (political)  factor  and  its 
effect.  Essential  differences  between  Bauerbach  scenario  and  completed  play. 
Treatment  of  the  portions  published  in  the  "Thalia."  Later  cuts.  The  final 
form. — Dramatic  structure  and  technic.  Difficulties.  Time  and  place. — The 
verse.  Wieland's  influence.  Lessing's  example.  Language  and  style. — Sta^'e 
production.    The  Hamburg  version. 

Briefe:  Jonas,  I.  pp.  64,  85,  108f,  112-16.  192,  208,  231,  271f,  310, 
312,  316,  318,  321,  327,  334f,  345f,  348f,  364,  373f;  II.  51f,  181. 
"Feuertrunken",  p.  84,  129-32,  212,  259,  284,  313f.  Hecker,  p.  69f, 
73-6,  144,  160,  199,  225,  228,  230,  233f,  239,  246,  253f,  256f . — 
'Gesprache',  ed.  Biedermann,  Register,  p.  504;  ed.  Petersen,  Reg. 
p.  476. 

General,  see  above.  Ernst  Elster:  Zur  Entstehungsgeschichte  des 
Don  Carlos,  p.  1-6,  25-68,  Minor,  II.  520-47,  587-94.  Bellermann, 
I.  227-42,  299-314.  Berger,  I.  497-514.  Bulthaupt,  I.  310-14.  Kontz, 
438-83.    Kuhnemann,  241-58. 

(b)  SOURCES:    FICTION  AND   HISTORY.  — St.   Real's  "Dom 

Carlos.  Nouvelle  historique"  (1672). — The  real  Don  Carlos, 
in  earlier  and  in  later  accounts. — Schiller's  relation  to  his 
sources. 

.St.  Real's  'historical  novel': — Its  plot,  characters  and  tendency.  Philip  II.  of 
Spain  and  his  times.  Political  and  religious  conditions.  His  marriages.  Elizabeth 
of  Valois.  Prince  Carlos.  His  character  and  career.  Relations  with  his 
father.  Carlos  and  his  step-mother.  His  political  ambitions.  His  fate. — Schil- 
ler's historical  sources  and  their  import.  The  character  and  fate  of  Carlos  in 
the  light  of  later  historical  investigation.  Origin  and  development  of  the  Don 
Carlos  'myth'. — The  plot  and  characters  of  .Schiller's  drama  in  relation  to 
St.   Real  and  to  present  historical  conclusions. 

Abbe  C.  V.  de  St.  Real  (1639-92):  "Dom  Carlos.  Nouvelle  his- 
torique" (1672).  Oeuvres  (1757),  V.  291-413.  Reprinted  in  Librairie 
de  la  Bibl.  national,  No.  28  (Paris,  1884).  German  transl.  DNL  4, 
p.  xii-lx.  Reclam's  Univ.  Bibl.  No.  2013.  Synopsis:  Elster,  7-24, 
Lowenberg,  6-20. — R.  Watson:  History  of  the  Reign  of  Philip  II, 
King  of  Spain   (1777). 

W.  H.  Prescott:  idem  (1855-58),  Book  IV,  chap.  6-8.  W.  Mauren- 
brecher.  Historische  Zeitschrift,  XI.  277-315  (1869).  K.  Brunne- 
mann:  Der  historische  D.  K.  Archiv  fiir  das  Studium  der  neueren 
Sprachen,  Bd.  35,  p.  145-58. 

M.  Bildinger:  Don  Carlos'  Haft  und  Tod  iisw.  Landwehr,  p.  15-30. 
Lieder,  p.  xxvi-xxxvii.    Kontz,  400-15.    Minor,  II.  535-40. 

(c)  THE  CHARACTERS.      THEME  AND   IMPORT.— Contrib- 

utory influences,  personal  and  literary. — Schiller's  "Briefe 
iiber  Don  Carlos."  Other  criticism,  contemporary  and  later. 
— Political  import. — 'Erlebtes'. — Literary  influences:  Shake- 
speare, Lessing,  Leisewitz. 

"Briefe  uber  Don  Carlos"  (1788).   SS  6.  33-79.    B  13.  243-87.    S  16. 

51-98.    DNL  12.  ii.  222-66.    C  12.  193-227. 

Theme  of  the  drama:  friendship,  love,  political  idealism.  The  author's  chang- 
ing  interest.     Effect,    alleged    and    actual.     Unity    of    plan    and    execution. — 


88  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

Analysis  of  the  principal  characters,  on  basis  of  their  acts,  utterances  and 
inter-relations.  Carlos  and  Posa,  with  special  reference  to  Schiller's  "Briefe" 
and  Bellermann's  discussion  (Beitrage,  I.  261-78).  Posa's  two  aims.  Did  they 
conflict?  His  means. — Posa  and  Philip.  Effect  of  their  relation  upon  Posa's 
relation  to  Carlos.  The  nature  and  probability  of  Posa's  mistakes.  The  reason- 
ableness of  his  sacrifice. — Schiller's  original  and  later  conception  of  Philip. 
His  relation  to  Posa;  how  justified?  Political  philosophy  in  the  audience  scene 
(critical  analysis  of  III.  10).  Posa's  ideal  of  liberty.  The  meaning  of  his 
death,  to  Philip  and  to  Carlos. — Carlos  and  Elizabeth.  Her  relation  to  Posa. — 
The  'Gegenspiel':  Eboli's  design.  Her  effect  upon  Carlos.  Her  intrigue.  Alba, 
his  relation  to  the  King  and  to  Carlos.  The  inquisition  and  its  agent.  Its 
place  in  Schiller's  early  plan.  Domingo's  role.  Minor  characters.  —  Schiller 
and  Carlos.  Charlotte  von  Kalb  and  Elizabeth.  Schiller  and  Posa.  The  cult 
of  friendship.  Schiller:  Korner  ::  Carlos:  Posa. — Literary  models,  (cf.  letter 
Apr.  14,  1783).  Carlos-Hamlet.  Philip-Othello.  Lessing's  "Nathan  der  Weise" 
(cf.  the  audience  scenes).  Leisewitz's  "Julius  von  Tarent." — Contemporary 
and  later  estimates  of  the  work. 

Briefe:  Jonas,  I.  p.  108,  112-16,  208,  364,  373f;  II.  51f.  "Feuer- 
trunken",  129-36.  Hecker,  p.  69f,  73-76,  144.— Bellermann,  I.  242-99. 
General,  see  above.  Elster,  49-74,  Minor,  II.  547-87. — Berger,  I. 
513-28.  Bulthaupt,  I.  291-310.  Kirchbach,  p.  3-5.  Kuhnemann,  254- 
85.  Kontz,  483-501.  Lieder,  p.  xli-xlviii.  Petsch,  82-92.  Weitbrecht, 
114-35. — Braun:  Schiller  im  Urtheile  usw.  I.  152-66,  passim,  171-74, 
181-88,  190-207.— S.  Levy:  S's  D.  C.  in  seiner  Abhangigkeit  von 
Lessings  Nathan.  Zeitschr.  fiir  deut.  Altertum.  21.  277-302. 
*(d)  EARLIER  DON  CARLOS  DRAMAS.  Otway  (1676).  Cam- 
pistron's  "Andronic"  (1685).  Alfieri's  "Filippo  II"  (1783).— 
The  question  of  Schiller's  indebtedness  to  Campistron  and 
Otway.  Relation  of  Otway  and  Schiller  to  St.  Real, 
St.  Real:  "Dom  Carlos.  Nouvelle  historique."  See  Topic  (b). 
Thomas  Otway  (1652-85) :  "Don  Carlos,  Prince  of  Spain."  (London, 
1676).  Cf.  Hettner,  I.  93f.  J,  G.  de  Campistron  (1656-1723):  "An- 
dronic"  (1788).  'Preface' etc.  p.  iv-xvi.  Vittorio  Alfieri  (1749-1803) : 
"Filippo  11"  (1783).  Transl.  by  C.  Lloyd,  .vol.  1,  p.  1-60.— 
Lieder,  p.  xxviff,  xlvii-Ixx.  Kontz,  415-38.  Kiihnemann,  285-86. 
J.  Lowenberg:  Ueber  Otway's  und  Schillers  Don  Carlos.  H.  J. 
Heller:  Die  Quellen  des  Schillerschen  Don  Carlos.  Archiv  fiir 
das  Studium  der  neueren  Sprachen  u.  Lit.  xxv  (1859),  p.  55-109. 
A.   Koster:    Schiller  als   Dramaturg,  264-66. 

11.  THE  TRANSITION  PERIOD:  Leipzig  —  Dresden  —  Weimar 
(1785-89). 
(a)  SCHILLER  AND  KOERNER.— Their  friendship  and  intellec- 
tual relations.  Correspondence.  Resultant  writings:  "An 
die  Freude."  Poems  to  Korner.  "Korners  Vormittag." — 
"Philosophische  Briefe"  (Julius  und  Raphael). — At  Weimar 
(July,  1787-May,  1789). 

The  letter  and  gift  from  Leipzig,  May,  1784  (cf.  "Feuertrunken",  ]  73-75; 
Wychgram,  Kap.  8,  beginning).  Schiller's  answer  (to  Iluber),  Dec.  7,  1784. 
The  four  friends:  Korner  and  Huber,  Minna  and  Dora  Stock.  Korner's 
further  approach,  Jan.  11,  1785.  Schiller's  response,  Feb.  10.  His  decision  to 
go  to  Leipzig.  Plans  for  the  future  (Feb.  28).  Arrival  in  Leipzig,  Apr.  17, 
'85.    Stay  at  Gohlis,  Apr. -Sept.  '85.    Korner's  marriage.    S.  at  Dresden,   Sept. 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  89 

8S-May,  '87. — Literary  and  social  intercourse.  Poems  to  Korner.  A  humorous 
dramatic  sketch.  The  affair  with  Henriette  von  Arnim. — Departure  from 
Dresden.  Plans  and  ambitions.  Arrival  in  Weimar,  July  21,  1787.  Wieland 
and  Herder.  Other  acquaintances.  Charlotte  von  Kalb  again.  The  Lengefelds 
and  the  summer  of  1788  (without  detail).  Meeting  with  Goethe  (Sept.  7, 
1788).  Impressions  and  consequences.  Appointment  at  Jena  (Dec.  '88).  Pro- 
fessor of  History  (May,  '89). — Writings  of  this  period.  The  Hymn  "To  Joy";" 
its  theme  and  import.  Completion  of  "Don  Carlos." — Philosophical  studies  and 
discussions  with  Korner.  "Julius  and  Raphael."  .Schiller's  creed.  Korner's 
influence. — Historical  studies  and  writings  (without  detail).  K's  counsel. — 
Xaturc   and   significance   of   Schiller's  development  in   this  period. 

Briefwechsel  zwischen  Schiller  und  Korner,  ed.  Geiger  (Cotta 
Welti.):  selected  letters,  1784-89,  in  vols.  1  and  2.  "Feuertrunken": 
all  letters  of  S.  and  K.,  p.  174-487,  passim.  'Gesprache',  s.  v.  Kor- 
ner: ed.  Biedermann,  Register,  p.  495;  ed.  Petersen,  Reg.  469.  — 
Gedichte  an  Korner:  SS  4.  6-16.  B  9.  103-109.  S  2.  68-76.  C  15. 
304-10.  "Korners  Vormittag"  (pub.  1863):  SvS  4.  182-95.  B  9.  243- 
52.  S  8.  321-30.  DNL  8.  1-9.  C  16.  296f.— Also  "An  die  Freude" 
and  "Bittschrift":  B  1.  61-65.  Nollen:  Schiller's  Poems,  p.  34-39 
and  notes. — Read  two  from  group  (a)  and  one  from  group  (b) : 
(a)  Harnack,  130-42,  153-90,  passim.  Ludwig,  187-214,  225-53. 
Thomas,  152-75,201-14.  Wychgram,  Kap.  10-13,  passim,  (b)  Berger, 
I.  Kap.  18,  19,  21  (p.  437-96,  529-50).  Brahm,  II.  i.  p.  1-47,  92-128 
passim. 

"PHILOSOPHISCHE  BRIEFE"  (Julius  und  Raphael),  1787 
SS  4.  31-60.    B.  13.  102-26,  508-13.    S  11.  108-38.    DNL  12.  i.  1-24. 
C  12.  172-93.    Berger,  I.  474-77.   Minor,  II.  484-90.   Wilm,  chap.  4. 
Kuno    Fischer:    Schiller-Schriften,    III.    56-86.     F.    Kuberka:    Der 
Idealismus  Schillers,  82-103.    F.  Ueberweg:  S.  als  Historiker  imd 
Philosoph.  72-96. 
(b)  POEMS  AND  MINOR  WRITINGS.— Poems:  "An  die  Freude" 
(1785).    "Die  Gotter  Griechenlands"  (1788).  "Die  Kiinstler" 
(1789).  —  Short    Stories:     "Der    Verbrecher    aus    verlorner 
Ehre"    (1787).     "Spiel    des    Schicksals"    (1789).  —  Dramatic 
fragment:  "Der  Menschenfeind"  (1790). 
Gedichte:  Nollen  p.  41-61  and  notes.   B  1.  61-64,  68-72,  78-94.  Emil 
Grosse:   Die   Kiinstler.    Helena   Lange:   Schillers    Philosophische 
Cedichte.  sub  tit.   Berger,  I.  462f,  578f,  606-10.   Thomas,  215-19.— 
Erzahlungen:  SS  4.  61-87;  6.   105-17.    B   6.  7-30;   13.  55-68.    S   2. 
191-230.    DNL  9.  52-86.   C  12.  57-83.— 

Weissenfels,  S  2.  xiii-xxii,  410f.  Berger,  I.  477-78,  597.  Minor,  II. 
4(>4-74.  Thomas,  168-69.  Hervey's  ed.  of  "Kabale  und  Liebe", 
p.  Ixvf. 

"Der  Menschenfeind".— SS  6.    280-310.    B  9.    253-78.    S  7.    311-40. 
DNL  6.  i.  363-86.    C  3.  249-72. 
Berger,  I.  484-86.    Brahm,  II.   i.  106-09.    Minor,  II.   490-98. 

12.  "DER  GEISTERSEHER"  (1787-89).— Schiller  as  a  Novelist. 
SS  4.  196-349.    B  6.  39-164.    S  2.  231-359.    DNL  9.  93-204.    C  12. 
84-172. 

Genesis  of   the   novel.     Relation   to   current   events.     Popular   interest   in   the 
theme.     Cagliostro's  career  and  influence.    His  dupes.     Elise  von  der  Recke's 


90  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

expose.  A  defense  of  Cagliostro.  Other  imposters. — Critical  analysis  of  Part 
First.  Plot  and  characters.  Mystification  of  the  Prince.  The  Armenian  and 
.  his  aides.  The  expose  and  its  effect  on  the  Prince.  His  new  associates  and 
their  influence.  Changes  in  his  character  and  the  explanation.  His  entangle- 
ments. 'Die  schone  Griechin.'  The  crisis  and  the  sequel.  Possible  develop- 
ments to  follow.  Ecclesiastical  and  political  elements.  Psychology  of  the 
Prince's  characterization. — Form  and  technic  of  the  novel.  Serial  publication. 
Reception.  Schiller's  waning  interest  and  abandonment  of  the  work. — Possible 
originals  of  the  Prince.  Local  influences.  Hanstein's  arguments  and  conclusions. 

.Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  II.  p.  63,  80,  122,  164,  180,  204,  212,  214,  228, 
242,  247f,  344.  'Gesprache',  ed.  Petersen,  p.  192.— Weissenfels,  S  2. 
p.  xxii-xxxviii.  A.  von  Hanstein:  Wie  entstand  Schillers  Geister- 
seher?  (Berlin,  1902).  Berger,  I.  478-84.  Brahm,  II.  i.  96-106. 
K.  Fischer:  Schiller-Schriften,  III.  87-128.  Kuhnemann,  163-65. 
Thomas,  172,  219-21.    Ueberweg,  97-104. 

13.  COURTSHIP  AND  MARRIAGE.— Schiller,  Karoline  and  Lotte 
von  Lengefeld  (1788-89).  First  years  of  married  life,  to 
beginning  of  friendship  with  Goethe  (Feb.  1790-May,  1794). 
Failing  health.    New  friends  in  need.    The  result. 

First  meeting  with  the  Lengefeld  sisters  (1784).  The  summer  (1788)  at 
Rudolstadt  and  Volkstadt.  Intercourse  and  correspondence  with  the  sisters. 
His  divided  attentions. — Studies  and  writings.  Translations. — The  Jena  pro- 
fessorship. Inaugural  lecture  (May  26,  1789).  Betrothal.  With  Korners  in 
Leipzig  (Aug.  '89).  Close  of  the  semester  (Sept.  15).  At  Rudolstadt  and 
Volkstadt  again  (Sept.  18-Oct.  22).  The  betrothal  a  secret.  Peculiar  relation 
with  Karoline.  The  situation  with  Frau  von  Kalb.  Lectures  resumed  (Oct. 
26).  Financial  difficulties.  Asks  Frau  von  L.  for  Lotte's  hand  (Dec.  18). 
Karl  August  grants  200  Thl.  salary  (Jan.  1,  '90).  Marriage  (Feb.  22). — A 
busy  spring  and  summer.  "Geschichte  des  dreissigjahrigen  Krieges."  Studies 
and  lectures  on  Tragedy.  Severe  illness  begins  (Jan.  1791).  Lectures  dis- 
continued. Stay  in  Karlsbad  (July).  The  pension  from  the  Prince>of  Augusten- 
burg  and  Count  Schimmelmann  (Dec.  '91).  Illness  and  continued  suffering. 
Studies  and  lectures  in  Esthetics  (1792-93).  Kantian  studies.  Lectures  con- 
cluded (Mar.  '93).  Leaves  for  Suabia  (Aug.  '9i).  Arrival  in  Ludwigsburg 
(Sept.  8).  With  family  and  old  friends  again.  Stay  in  Wiirttemberg  (Sept. 
'93-Apr.  '94).  Karl  Eugen's  attitude.  His  death.  Return  to  Jena  (May  15). 
— A  new  enterprise.  "Die  Horen."  Talks  with  Goethe  at  Jena  (May,  July). 
The  foundation  of  their  friendship  laid. 

Briefwechsel  zwischen  Schiller  und  Lotte,  ed.  Fielitz.  3  Bde. 
(Cotta,  Weltlit.) :  selected  letters,  esp.  those  dealing  with  above 
incidents,  as  dated.  Or  "Feuertrunken",  all  correspondence  of 
Schiller,  Lotte  and  Karoline,  p.  373-496,  passim;  and  Kiihnemann: 
Briefe  von  Schiller,  1789-90.  Other  letters  (esp.  to  Korner)  in 
"Feuertrunken",  p.  392-496,  and  in  Kuhnemann,  1789-June,  1794. 
'Gesprache',  ed.  Biedermann,  p.  171-272;  ed.  Petersen,  p.  139-242. 
Karoline  von  Wolzogen:  Schillers  Leben,  97-187.  Berger:  Schillers 
Doppelliebe.  Marbacher  Schillerbuch,  III.  163-84.  —  On  fore- 
going material,  read  two  from  group  (a),  one  from  group  (b): 
(a)  Ludwig,  225-86.  Thomas,  chap.  10,  12.  Harnack,  158-242, 
passim.  Wychgram,  Kap.  12-18,  passim,  (b)  Berger,  I,  551-90;  II. 
138-60.  Brahm,  II.  i.  113-205,  222-69.  Also  one  of  the  following 
(in  part):  L.  Urlichs:  Cliarlotte  von  Schiller  und  ihre  Freunde. 
L.  Geiger:  ditto. 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  91 

*14.  SCHILLER  AS  HISTORIAN  AND  UNIVERSITY  PROFES- 
SOR.— Historical  studies.  Korner's  objections.  Schiller's 
answers. — Subjects.  Historical  method.  Characterization. — 
Professor  of  History  at  Jena.  Inaugural  lecture  (May  26, 
1789).    Courses  in  History.    Other  courses. 

Text   of    (i)    and   either    (ii)    or    (iii),   to   be   treated   mainly  with 

respect  to  form  and  method,  not  historical  content. 

(i)   "Was  heisst  und  zu  welchem  Ende  studiert  man  Universal- 

geschichte? 

SS  9.   79-99.    B  €.    183-202.    S  13.   3-24.    DNL  10.    i.  1-19.    C   12. 

227-41. 

(ii)  "Geschichte    des    Abfalls    der   Vereinigten    Niederlande    von 

Spanien"  (1788). 

SS  7.  B  6.  213-524.    S  14.  DNL  10.  i.  23-299.   C  9. 

The  following  chapters   required    (c.    115   pp.   See   S    14.  452-53): 

Book  I.  Die  Niederlande  unter  Karl  V.    Philipp  der  Zweite.    Wil- 

helm  von  Oranien  und  Graf  von  Egmont.    Margarete  von  Parma. 

Book  II.    Kardinal  Granvella.     Book  IV.     Der  Bildersturm. 

(iii)   "Geschichte   des   Dreissigjahrigen   Krieges"    (1790-92). 

Required,   Books   III   and   IV,   or  the   selections    (larger   ed.)    by 

Palmer,  with  introd.  and  notes  (Holt). 

SS  8.    197-354.    B  7.   211-377.    S   15.   207-377.    DNL  11.    179-326. 

C  11.  1-159. 

Briefe  von  Schiller  an  Korner:  Dec.  19,  1787;  Jan.  18,  Jul.  27,  Dec. 

15,  25,  1788;  Jan.  5,  Mar,  6,  May  28,  Jun.  11,  1789.    Von  K.  an  S: 

Jan.   13,  21,  Jun.  3,  Dec.   19,  30,  1788;  Jan.  30,   Mar.   19,  31,   1789. 

Briefwechsel  zw.  S.   u.   K.  Gotta,  Weltlit.   I.  p^  171ff;   II.  p.  4flf. 

"Feuertrunken",    p.    355-487,    passim.     Cf.    also    p.    446-48,    451. 

'Gesprache',  ed.  Biedermann,  p.   178f,   192,  197,  215,  237,  321;  ed. 

Petersen,  p.  153-56,  164,  179-80,  209,  248.— 

R.   Fester,   Einleitung,   S   13.    p.   v-xl.    T.  Kukelhaus,   Einl.    B   6. 

165-82,  205-12.    Berger,  I.  591-610;  II.  1-15,  83-110.    Brahm,  II.  i. 

178-87,  206-21.    Thomas,  chap.  11.    Johannes  Janssen:  Schiller  als 

Historiker.    Karl  Tomaschek:  Schiller  in  seinem  Verhaltnis  zur 

Wissenschaft,  p.  69-96,  108-32. 

*15.  ESSAYS  ON  TRAGEDY  AND  ON  THE  SUBLIME.— Schiller's 
Theory  of  the  Tragedy.     Comparison  with  his  earlier  the- 
ories: "Die  Schaubiihne  als  eine  moralische  Anstalt  betrach- 
tet"  (cf.  Topic  9). 
i.  "Ueberden  Grund  des  Vergnugens  an  tragischen  Gegenstan- 

den"  (1791). 
ii.  "Ueber  die  tragische  Kunst"  (1792). 
iii.  "Ueber  das  Pathetische"  (1793). 
iv.  "Ueber  das  Erhabene"  (1796?  pub.  1801). 

SS  10.  1-40,  150-77,  214-31.  B  8.  13-54,  119-48,  418-35.  S  11.  139- 
79,  246-74;  12.  264-82.  DNL  12.  i.  24-59.  66-83,  140-66.  C  13. 
168-203;  14.   58-82;  15.  103-18.— For  analysis  of  content,  see  Paul 


92    ^  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

Geyer:  Schillers  asthetisch-sittliche  Weltanschauung.  Erster  Teil, 
p.  25-28,  45-64. 

Briefe,  ed  Jonas,  cf.  Register,  Bd.  VII,  p.  xiv  (end  of  vol.).  Berger: 
Schillers  Aesthetik,  p.  91-105,  195-223.  Geyer,  14-24,  28-32,  64-81.— 
On  i-iii  only:  W.  Bolze:  Schillers  philosophische  Begriindung  der 
Aesthetik  der  Tragodie,  p.  58-83,  93-103,  109-19.— On  iv  only: 
Berger:  Schiller,  II.  218-20.  Thomas,  276-78.  Kuhnemann:  Schil- 
lers philosophische  Schriften,  p.  74-78.  Kuberka:  Schillers  Idealis- 
mus,  Kap.  4,  passim  (cf.  Inhaltsverzeichnis,  p.  vii).  Tomaschek, 
p.  208-26.     E.  Heusermann:  Schillers  Dramen,  51-59. 

*16.  "UEBER  ANMUT  UND  WUERDE"  (1793).— Genesis.  "Kallias, 
Oder  iiber  die  Schonheit." — Beauty  and  Grace.  'Architectonic' 
beauty  and  volition.  The  moral  factor.  Sense  and  reason. 
Impulse  and  duty.  Schiller  and  Kant.  The  'Categorical 
Imperative'  and  the  Ethical  Ideal.  'Die  schone  Seele.'  The 
morally  Beautiful  and  the  morally  Sublime. — Grace  and 
Dignity.     Characteristics  and  inter-relation. 

SS   10.    65-125.    B  8.    55-118.    S   U.    189-245.    DNL  12.  i.   59-115. 

C  14.  5-57.  For  analysis  of  content,  see  Geyer.   Erster  Teil,  p.  32-45. 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  Register,  Bd.  VII,  p.  xiv.   'Gesprache',  ed.  Bieder- 

mann,  p.  275.— "Kallias-Briefe":  Feb,  8,   18,   19,  23,  28,  1793.    Cf. 

Berger,  II.  174-80.    Geyer,  2.  Teil,  57-60.— 

Berger:  Schiller,  II.   161-88.    Berger:  Schillers  Aesthetik,  166-94. 

Kronenberg,   II.   492-512.     Kiihnemann:    S's   philos.    Schr.    39-57. 

Thomas,  269-76.    Tiedge:  Schillers  Lehre  iiber  das  Schone,  30-51. 

Tomaschek,  187-207.  Ueberweg,  181-214.   Kuberka,  Kap.  4,  passim. 

*17.  "UEBER  DIE  AESTHETISCHE  ERZIEHUNG  DES  MEN- 
SCHEN,  in  einer  Reihe  von  Briefen"  (1795). — Genesis. 
Letters  to  Prince  of  Augustenburg.  —  Schiller's  theory  of 
esthetic  education  and  moral  progress.  Dependence  of 
ethical  culture  and  of  political  liberty  on  esthetic  culture. 
Need  of  the  times.  Duty  of  the  artist. — The  concept  of 
Beauty:  'Stofftrieb*  and  'Formtrieb' — matter  and  form,  feel- 
ing and  reason.  Their  balance:  'Spieltrieb'.  Harmony  ot' 
the  esthetic  and  the  ethical  ideal,  of  'Anmut'  and  'Wurde'. 
Effect  upon  the  individual  and  the  State. 

SS   10.   274-384.    B  8.   170-282.    S   12.   3-120.    DNL  12.   i.  217-317. 

C  14.    100-196.    For  analysis  of  content  see  Geyer,  2.  Teil,  1-25. — 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  Register,   Bd.  VII,  p.  ii. — Berger:  Schiller,  II. 

191-220.    Berger:  Schillers  Aesthetik,  254-306.    Geyer,  2.  Teil,  61- 

72.     Harnack:    Die    klassische    Aesthetik    der    Deutschen,    39-77. 

Kronenberg,  II.  512-27.    Kuberka,  Kap.  4,  passim   (cf.  Topic  15). 

Kuhnemann:    S's    philos.    Schr.   57-74.    Thomas,   284-87.    Tiedge, 

51-104.    Tomaschek,  275-317.    Ueberweg,  223-49. 

*18.  CULTURAL   AND    PHILOSOPHICAL   POEMS.— 

Second    Period:    1.    "Die    Gotter   Griechenlands"    (1788).    2.   "Die 
Kiinstler"  (1789). 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  93 

Third  Period:  3.  "Das  Ideal  und  das  Leben."  4.  "Der  Spazier- 
gang"  (1795).  5.  "Die  Ideale."  6.  "Wurde  der  Frauen"  (1796). 
7.  "Votivtafeln."  8.  "Hoffnung"  (1797).  9.  "Das  Gluck."  10.  "Die 
Worte  des  Glaubens"  (1798)  and  "Die  Worte  des  Wahns"  (1799, 
pub.  1801).  11.  "Das  Eleusische  Fest"  (1799).  12.  "Das  Lied  von 
der  Glocke"  (1800). — Numbers  3,  4  and  8  pub.  in  'Die  Horen'; 
5,  6,  7,  9,  lO.i,  11  and  12  in  Schiller's  'Musenalmanach'  (abbrev. 
MA  or  Ma),  which  appeared  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  preced- 
ing date. 

In  order  of  titles:  B  (good  brief  notes)  1.  p.  68,  78,  113,  126,  105, 
110,  155,  219,  189,  258,  234,  245.  Best  annotated  ed.,  NoUen:  Schil- 
ler's Poems,  p.  41,  77,  69,  75,  86,  119,  120,  112,  152,  138  (No.  11 
omitted).— SS  Bd.  6  and  11.  S  1.  DNL  1.  C  1.  (No.  7:  S  2.  DNL  2. 
C  IS.) — "Das  Lied  von  der  Glocke",  ed.  with  introd.  and  notes,  by 
C.  P.  Otis  (Holt). — N.  B.  Treat  the  poems  according  to  the  rela- 
tion of  themes,  not  necessarily  in  chronological  order. 

The  Greek  ideal.  Religion  and  Beauty.  Old  and  new. — Art  and  civilization: 
reciprocal  influence  and  progress.  The  cultural  ideal. — Civic  development:  man 
and  nature;  man  and  the  state.  Foundations  of  civic  progress  and  happiness 
("Spaziergang",  "Das  Eleu.  Fest"). — Symbolism  of  "Das  Lied  von  der 
Glocke."  Dignity  of  labor.  Analogy  in  human  experience:  the  individual,  the 
state.  Political  import. — Dignity  of  woman  and  the  home. — Philosoi)hy  of  life 
and    religion.     Antithesis    of   the    material    and    the    ideal.     The    goal. 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  cf.  Register,  sub  tit.  Bd.  7.  p.  v-ix.  Briefwechsel 
zw.  Schiller  und  Goethe,  ed.  Muncker,  Reg.  4.  238.  'Gesprache', 
ed.  Petersen,  Register,  p.  477. — Nollen's  commentary  on  the  sev- 
eral poems.  Berger,  I.  S78f,  606-10;  IL  288-322,  354-60,  and 
Register,  sub  tit.  Kuhnemann,  302-05,  395-406,  585-89.  Thomas, 
chap.  15  and  Index,  sub  tit.  Emil  Grosse:  Die  Kiinstler.  Helene 
Lange:  Schillers  philosophische  Gedichte.  J.  P.  Worden:  Schil- 
ler's Song  of  the  Bell  (transl.  and  com.).  Tomaschek:  Schiller 
usw.    Reg.  sub  tit. 

19.  SCHILLER  AND  GOETHE^(1788-1805).— Meeting.  Acquaintance. 
Friendship.  Partnership. — Their  personal  and  literary  rela- 
tions. Correspondence.  Mutual  influence  and  advantage. 
Schiller's  return  to  poetry  and  the  drama.  Joint  labors: 
"Xenien." 

Schiller's  first  sight  of  Goethe  (1779).  His  early  study  of  Goethe.  The  first 
year  at  Weimar  (1787-88).  Criticism  of  "Iphigenie"  and  "Egmont"  (without 
detail).  The  meeting  at  Rudolstadt  (Sept.  7,  1788).  Schiller's  impressions, 
in  letters  to  Kiirner  (see  below).  Distant  acquaintanceship  (1788-94).  Reasons 
for  lack  of  approach.  The  discussion  at  Jena  and  its  sequel. — Schiller's  new 
enterprise.  His  invitation  and  Goethe's  response.  The  birthday  letter  (-'\uK. 
23,  1794).  Schiller's  visit.  Goethe's  welcome  of  S's  friendship.  Causes. — 
"Die  Horen"  and  its  critics.  The  alliance,  defensive  and  offensive.  "Die 
Xenien".  Schiller's  part.  Later  association.  Goethe  at  Jena.  Schiller's 
removal  to  Weimar.  Joint  direction  nf  the  Theater.  Weimar  in  its  zenith. — 
Schiller's  literary  production  (without  detail).  The  stimulus  of  Goethe's  inter- 
est and  counsel.  Works  of  S.  discussed  in  the  Correspondence.  Specific  assist- 
ance ("Wallenstein",  "Tell").  The  'Balladendenjahr'  (1797).— Schiller's 
threatened  removal  from  Weimar  (1804).  Goethe's  action. — Personal  friend 
ship  and  esteem.    Schiller's  illness  and  death.    Goethe's  loneliness.    His  tribute 


94  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

in  the  "Epilog  zu  Scliillers  Lied  von  der  Glocke".  Later  estimates 
(Eclierniann's  "Gespraclie"). — Nature  and  significance  of  the  friendship  and 
its  results.  The  complementary  character  of  their  personality  and  genius. 
Difference  of  n;eans  and  community  of  aims. 

Briefe:  J.  G.  Robertson:  Correspondence  between  Schiller  and 
Goethe.  Selections,  ed.  with  introduction  (Ginn).  Selected  letters 
of  S.  to  G.  in  Kuhnemann:  S's  Ausgewahlte  Briefe,  Bd.  2.  Com- 
plete corresp.  ed,  by  Franz  Muncker.  4  Bde.  (Cotta,  Weltlit.) 
Detailed  indexes  in  Bd.  4.  Schiller:  Briefe  an  Korner:  Sept.  12, 
Dec.  15,  1788;  Feb.  2,  Mar.  9,  1789  (Briefw.  zw.  S.  u.  K.,  Bd.  1 
u.  2).  "Feuertrunken",  p.  420fif.  Ibid.  p.  464:  An  Karoline  von 
Wolzogen,  Feb.  5,  1789. — 'Gesprache',  ed.  Biedermann,  p.  24,  39, 
47,  49f,  63,  229,  231,  256,  284f,  287,  321f,  323f,  330,  345,  367,  373, 
415,  420,  425.  Goethe  on  Schiller:  No.  228-30  usw.  Cf.  Verzeichnis 
der  Quellenwerke,  No.  22,  33,  47-50,  106  (p.  478-81,  486).  Ditto,  ed. 
Petersen,  p.  17,  20,  30,  150f,  165,  252,  256-7,  263-66,  271,  308,  418f. 
G.  on  S.:  No.  227,  232a,  239,  245a,  249,  299,  300,  2>i7 ,  338,  404-6,  465. 
Eckermann:  Gesprache  mit  Goethe.  Register,  s.  v.  Schiller. 
Goethe  (cf.  Second  Series,  Topic  22):  Werke,  H  1.  136-39;  27. 
309-13.  J  1.  282-85;  30.  388-93.  Goebel:  Goethe's  Poems,  129-33. 
Cf.  Duntzer,  Zeitschrift  fiir  deutsche  Philologie,  Bd.  26.  81-105. 
Idem,  Goethe-Jahrbuch,  2.   168-89.— 

Berger,  II.  Kap.  32.  Kronenberg,  II.  533-41.  Kuhnemann,  376-95. 
Thomas,  chap.  14.  Harnack,  Kap.  9,  10,  passiin.  Ludwig,  287-99. 
Wychgram,  Kap.  20. —  Grimm:  Goethe.  21.  Vorlesung.  H.  von 
Stein:  Goethe  und  Schiller,  p.  7-16,  107-26.  B.  Suphan,  G-J  26. 
p.  1-22.  D.  Jacoby,  G-J  3.  174-88.  T.  Vogel,  G-J  23.  99-115. 
G.  Portig:  Schiller  in  seinem  Verhaltnis  zur  Freundschaft  und 
Liebe  usw.  Drittes  Buch. 
*(a)  "Xenien."  —  Joint  composition.  Persons  and  things  satirized. 
Reasons  for  the  authors'  selections.  Significance  of  the 
campaign.  —  Unpublished  epigrams  of  the  'Xenienbuch.'  — 
"Tabulae  votivae." 
"Xenien",  original  ed.:  Musenalmanach  auf  das  Jahr  1797,  p.  197- 
302.  B  9.  124-168;  cf.  ref.  to  Band  1.  155-82,  passim,  for  the  98 
"Xenien"  (of  total  414)  later  published  by  Schiller  as  his  (84)  or 
attributed  to  him  (14). — The  324  "Xenien"  not  claimed  by  Goethe 
(6)  or  Schiller:  cf.  also  S  2.  94-128,  and  notes.  Unpub.  epigrams 
(164):  B  9.  169-98.  Complete  "Xenien"  Mss.  ed.  by  B.  Suphan, 
with  commentary  by  Erich  Schmidt:  Schriften  der  Goethe-Gesell- 
schaft,  Band  8.  —  The  'impersonal  Xenien',  pub.  as  "Tabulae 
votivae'  (103):  Musenalmanach,  p.  152-82.  B  1.  155-65  (claimed 
by  Schiller,  40,  with  additions);  B  9.  120-24  (S.  or  G.).  S  1.  141-54 
(Sch.);  2.   129-36  (S.  or  G.).— 

Briefw.  zw.  S.  u.  G.,  ed.  Muncker,  4.  240-41  (topical  index). 
Briefe,  ed.  Kiihnemann,  2.  p.  119-22,  136.  Complete  index:  Jonas, 
7.  p.  xvi. — 'Gesprache',  ed.  Biedermann,  Register,  p.  505;  ed. 
Petersen,  No.  247. — Berger,  II.  323-41.  Boas:  G.  u.  S.  im  Xenien- 
kampf. 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  95 

=1=20.  "UEBER  NAIVE  UND  SENTIMENTALISCHE  DICHTUNG" 

(1795-96). — Genesis.     Theme.     Nature  of  the  'Naive'  and  its 

poetic    expression;    of   the    'Sentimental'.     Varieties   of   the 

'Sentimental':     Satire,    Elegy,    Idyl.       The    Naive    and    the 

Sentimental  Poet  compared.     Realist  and  Idealist. 

SS  10.  425-523.    B  8.  310-407.    S  12.   161-263.    DNL  12.   i.  341-429. 

C  15.  11-93. — For  analysis  of  content  see  Geyer,  2.  Teil,  p.  46-56.- — 

Briefer    Jonas,  Register,  Bd.  7.  p.  xiv.    'Gesprache',  ed.  Petersen, 

p.  260f.    Berger,  II.  220-34.    O.   Harnack   (cf.  Topic   17),  78-100. 

Kronenberg,   II.    527-33.      Kijhnemann:     S's    philos.    Schr.   78-91. 

Thomas,  285-87.     Tomaschek,  318-56.     Ueberweg,  250-61. 

21.  BALLADS  AND   LATER  POEMS.— Sources,  Themes  and  Im- 

port of  the  Ballads  (1797-98).  "Das  Lied  von  der  Glocke" 
(1799),  cf.  Topic  18.— Later  Poems,  1795-1805  (except  those 
in  Topic  18). 
Ballads:  Der  Taucher,  Der  Handschuh,  Der  Ring  des  Polykrates, 
Die  Kraniche  des  Ibykus,  Der  Gang  nach  dem  Eisenhammer,  Der 
Kampf  mit  dem  Drachen,  Die  Biirgschaft  (1797-98).  Hero  und 
Leander  (1801).  Der  Graf  von  Habsburg  (1803).— Later  Poems: 
Pegasus  im  Joche  (1795).  Das  Madchen  aus  der  Fremde  (1796). 
Love  Lyrics:  Die  Begegnung,  Das  Geheimnis,  Die  Erwartung, 
An  Emma  (1796,  cf.  B.  1.  339). — Reiterlied  ("WaHensteins  Lager", 
1798).  An  Goethe,  Die  deutsche  Muse  (1800).  Der  Antritt  des 
neuen  Jahrhunderts,  Das  Madchen  von  Orleans  (1801).  An  die 
Freunde,  Thekla  (1802).  Der  Jiingling  am  Bache  (1803).  Wilhelm 
Tell.  Lyrics  in  "Wilhelm  Tell",  Act  I.  Sc.  1,  IH.  1.  "Deutsche 
Grosse"  (fragment),  cf.  S  1.  327f;  2.  386-90.— 
SS  11.  B  1.  SI.  DNL  1.  C  1.  Most  convenient  ed.  is  B  (good 
brief  notes),  cf.  chronolog.  index  B  1.  397-400.  Most  contained 
(with  introd.  and  notes)  in  NoUen:  Schiller's  Poems,  66-69,  96- 
168.— 

Briefe:  ed.  Jonas,  cf.  Register,  Bd.  7.  p.  v-ix,  sub  tit.  Briefwechsel 
zw.  Schiller  und  Goethe,  ed.  Muncker,  Reg.  4.  238.  'Gesprache', 
ed.  Petersen,  Reg.  p.  477. — 

Berger,  II.  341-60.  E.  Elster:  S's  Balladen.  Jhb.  d.  Freien  Deut. 
Hochstifts.  1904.  265-305.  Kuhnemann,  412-18.  Ludwig,  318-26. 
Sime:  Schiller,  chap.  10,  passim.  Thomas,  chap.  15,  passim. 
H.  Viehoff:  Schillers  Gedichte,  erlautert  (exhaustive  commentary), 
cf.  Reg.  viii-x.  "Deutsche  Grosse":  Schriften  der  Goethe-Gesell- 
schaft,  1902  (Besondere  Gabe).  R.  Hering:  S's  "Deutsche  Grosse", 
Jhb.  d.   F.   D.  H.   1903.    228-45.    Leitzmann,  Euphorion,   12.  3-25. 

22.  "WALLENSTEIN.    Ein  dramatisches  Gedicht"  (1798-99,  published 

1800). — "WaHensteins    Lager"     (1798).     "Die    Piccolomini" 

(1799).    "Wallenstein"    (1799),   published  as   "WaHensteins 

Tod." 

SS  12.  1-496.    B  4.    S  5.    DNL  5.  i.   C  4.— Edited,  with  introd.  and 

notes,  by  M.  Winkler  (Macmillan)  and  by  W.  H.  Carruth  (Holt). 


86  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

General,  for  all  topics. — Berger,  II.  Kap.  36.    Harnack,  Kap.  11. 
Ludwig,  326-49.   Thomas,  chap.  16.   Wychgram,  Kap.  24. — Reading 
of  the  complete  drama  required  for  all  topics. 
(a)   GENESIS.      PLOT  AND    FORM.      RECEPTION.  —  Stage 
Production.    "Prolog."    Contemporary  criticism. 

Initial  impulse  to  the  composition.  Preparation  begun  (1796).  Difficulties 
encountered.  Schiller's  attitude  toward  the  subject.  Effect  of  his  philosophical 
studies.  A  new  element  (the  love-drama)  introduced.  Original  (prose)  and 
later  (verse)  form.  Language  and  verse  of  "Lager";  of  remainder.  Lyric 
and  epic  passages.  Progress  of  the  work.  Necessity  of  division.  How  divided, 
originally  and  later?  The  'Vorspiel'  ("W's  Lager").  Its  purpose  and  relation 
to  the  drama  proper. — Analysis  of  plot,  "Piccolomini"  and  "Wallensteins  Tod" 
(without  criticism  of  characters  or  motivation).  Completion  and  stage  produc- 
tion: "Lager",  Oct.  '98.  "Piccolomini",  Jan.  '99.  "Wallenstein",  Apr.  '99. — 
The  "Prolog",  its  occasion,  content  and  import.— Reception  of  the  drama. 
Publication.    Opinions  of  contemporary  critics. 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  Bd.  III.  p.  129,  135,  202,  214,  427;  IV.  6,  16, 
19,  231,  430,  431,  435f,  441;  V.  91,  95,  98,  108,  113,  114,  118,  121-3, 
136,  219,  297,  317,  351,  390f,  432,  436f,  446f,  466f,  477-9;  VI.  29,  195, 
212  (compl.  index,  Bd.  VII.  p.  xv).  Ed.  KUhnemann,  2.  p.  125-8, 
146-51,  163f,  180,  182f,  190,  193,  198,  201-3,  205-8. 
Briefwechsel  zw.  S.  u.  G.  ed.  Muncker,  cf.  topical  index,  4.  239. 
Robertson:  Corresp.  betw.  S.  and  G.,  cf.  index,  207. — 'Gesprache', 
ed.  Biedermann,  p.  256,  267,  294-99,  302-6,  310,  313-5,  392;  ed. 
Petersen,  p.  221,  225,  278,  281f,  286f,  323.— Winkler's  introd. 
p.  xxxv-liii. 

Berger,  II.  378-402.     Bellermann,  II.   1-21,  126-56.     Bulthaupt,  I. 
315-56,  passim.  Harnack,  299-305.  KUhnemann:  Schillers  Kantische 
Studien  und  die  Composition  W's,  2.  Teil.    Idem:    Schiller,  419-44. 
Braun:    Schiller  im  Urtheile  usw.  II.  342-69,  378-83.     De  Stael, 
chap.  18,  p.  224-32;  transl.  Habs,  292-303.    Eckermann:    Gesprache 
mit  Goethe,  cf.  Reg,    Bd.  3. 
(b)  DRAMATIC   STRUCTURE.      UNITY   OF  ACTION.  — The 
Three    Parts.      Function   and   Significance   of  "WALLEN- 
STEINS LAGER",  with  critical  analysis. 

Critical  analysis  of  technical  structure  (not  story)  and  motivation  of  the 
drama  as  a  whole.  '.Spiel'  and  'Gegenspiel.'  The  'sub-plot'  (Max  and  Thekla) 
and  its  purpose.- — Initial  impulse  and  climax  of  the  action.  Interrelation  of 
characters  and  motives.  Army,  officers,  commander. — Unity  of  the  work.  Why 
not  a  trilogy? — Relation  of  the  "Lager"  to  what  follows.  Its  purpose:  "Sein 
Lager  nur  erklaret  sein  Verbrechen."  Characters  of  the  "Lager."  Their  differ- 
entiation; its  significance.  Soldiers  and  officers.  Soldiers  and  citizens.  The 
picture  of  contemporary  conditions. — Time  and  place  of  (entire)  action;  its 
duration. — .Stagecraft.  Mass  scenes.  Use  of  suspense  and  situation;  of  tragic 
irony;   of   '.Stimmung'    (astrological   motif   etc.). 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  V.  p.  432.  Bellermann,  II.  21-57,  184-88.  Berger, 
II.  402-09.  Harnack,  299-310.  Kiihnemann,  445-51.  Bulthaupt,  I. 
315-27.,  Weitbrecht,  176-80.— Fischer:  Schiller  Schr.  337-77.  Frey- 
tag,  trans.  Mac  Ewan:  Technique  of  the  Drama,  p.  202-9,  236-8. 
E.  Heusermann:  Schillers  Dramen,  38-59.  Freytag:  Bilder.  Aus 
dem  Jahrhundert  des  grossen  Krieges.  Sel.  ed.  Rhoades  (Heath), 
p.  13-57.    Winkler's  introd.  p.  lix-lxiii. 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  9T 

(c)  WALLENSTEIN    IN    HISTORY:     THE    QUESTION    OF 

HIS  GUILT. — Accusations  and  Defense.  Nature  and  value 
of  the  evidence.  Schiller's  verdict  in  his  "History  of  the 
Thirty  Years'  War"  and  in  the  drama. 
For  general  introd.,  S.  R.  Gardiner:  The  Thirty  Years'  War. 
Henderson:  Short  History  of  Germany,  I.  ch.  17,  18.  Schiller: 
Geschichte  des  dreissigj.  Krieges,  Buch  iv  (cf.  Topic  14.  iii). 
Ranke:  Geschichte  Wallensteins,  p.  147-86,  233-43,  256-320.  Gin- 
dely,  transl.  Ten  Brook:  The  Thirty  Years'  War,  I.  376-400,  429- 
56;  II.  1-19,  31-38,  114-88.  Landwehr,  31-64.  H-  Schulz:  Wallen- 
stein  und  die  Zeit  des  dreissigj.  Krieges.  Winkler's  introd.  p. 
xi-xxxv,  liii-Iviii.  Carruth's  introd.  iv-xxxix.  Text  of  Schiller's 
drama,  "Wallenstein." 

(d)  THE  CHARACTER  OF  WALLENSTEIN,  in  the  Drama.— 

Characterization  in  the  "Prolog."   The  office  of  Art  and  the 
means  employed. — 'Freiheit  und  Notwendigkeit.'    'Schicksal 
und  Schuld.' — A  critical  examination,  on  the  basis  of  Wal- 
lenstein's  acts  and  utterances  and  his  relations  to  the  other 
characters. — On   the  problems   noted,  see  esp.   Bellermann, 
Hoflfmeister,   Petsch,  Ziegler. 
Briefe:  to  Korner,  Nov.  28,  1796;  to  Bottiger,  Mar.  1,  1799   (ed. 
Jonas,  V.  121);  Kuhnemann,  2.  147,  206.— Berger,  II.  410-17.   Bel- 
lermann,   II.    41-51,    57-98.     Bulthaupt,    I.    327-36.     Fielitz,    7-43. 
Harnack,  310-25.   Hoflfmeister,  4.  Teil,  p.  65-72.    Kuhnemann,  460- 
64.    Petsch,   140-208.    Thomas,  341-46.    Weitbrecht,  136-57.     Karl 
Werder:   Vorlesungen   iiber   S's   Wallenstein,    1-130.      T.   Ziegler: 
Freiheit  u.  Notwendigkeit  in  S's  Dramen.    Marbacher  Schillerbuch 
(1905),  I.  p.  32-41.    Heusermann,  38-59. 

(e)  THE   OTHER   CHARACTERS   AND    THEIR   RELATION 

TO  WALLENSTEIN.— Octavio.  Countess  Terzky.  Buttler 
and  other  commanders.  —  Max  and  Thekla.  Function  and 
import  of  the  Love  Drama. 

Conception  and  portrayal  of  Octavio.  Effect.  Other  officers.  Minor  characters 
(Questenberg,  Wrangel,  Seni,  Gordon  etc.).  Ws  wife.  Countess  Terzky's 
role  and  Lady  Macbeth's. — Max  and  Thekla;  their  relation  to  each  other  and 
to  their  environment.  Max  and  Wallenstein;  idealist  vs.  materialist.  Effect 
on  our  judgment  of  W:  how  thereby  ennobled?  how  condemned?  Max's 
death.  His  action  justifiable?  Effect  on  W.  Significance  of  Max's  fate:  "Das 
ist  das  Los  des  Schonen  auf  der  Erde." 

Brief  an  Bottiger,  Mar.  1,  1799.— Bellermann,  II.  26-41,  98-126. 
Berger,  II.  417-31.  Bulthaupt,  I.  338-51.  Hoflfmeister,  4.  Teil,  45-59. 
Kuhnemann,  465-76.    Weitbrecht,  157-76.    Werder,   177-211. 

23.  "MARIA  STUART.     Ein  Trauerspiel"   (1800,  pub.   1801). 

SS  12.  497-580.  B  3.  257-422.  S  6.  1-186.  DNL  5.  ii.  1-194.  C  5. 
1-154.  Edited,  v^-ith  introd.  and  notes,  by  J.  S.  NoUen  (Ginn). 
General. — Berger,  II.  Kap.  38.  Kuhnemann,  494-522.  Ludwig, 
.^52-60.    Thomas,  chap.  17. 


98  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

(a)  GENESIS    AND    SOURCES.      PLOT   AND    STRUCTURE. 

RECEPTION.— Historical   and   fictitious   elements   in   plot 
and, background.  Stage  production.  Contemporary  criticism. 

Early  project  of  a  "Mary  Stuart"  tragedy  (1783). — Preparation  begun  (Apr. 
1799).  Study  and  use  of  sources.  Progress  of  the  work.  Completion  and 
first  performance  (June,  1800).  Textual  changes  and  why  made? — Critical 
analysis  of  plot  and  motivation.  Technical  structure.  The  'Euripidean  method.' 
Unity  of  the  work. — Important  unhistorical  elements;  why  introduced?  Pub- 
lication. English  translation  by  Mellish;  its  relation  to  original. — Contemporary 
estimate. 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  I.  p.  100-102,  107;  VI.  26,  4Sf,  56,  59,  65,  84,  181, 
216.  Briefwechsel  zw.  S.  u.  G.,  ed.  Muncker,  of.  topical  index, 
4.  239.  'Gesprache',  ed.  Biedermann,  p.  119,  335,  337-41;  ed.  Peter- 
sen, p.  292-96,  300f. 

Bellermann,  II.  189-208.  Berger,  II.  480-88.  Nollen's  introd.  p. 
xxvii-xlvii.  '  Landwehr,  65-94.  Braun:  Schiller  im  Urtheile  usw. 
II.  384-86;  III.  84-90;  106-23  and  173-92,  passim. 

(b)  MARY  STUART  AND   ELIZABETH  —  IN   SCHILLER'S 

DRAMA  AND  IN  HISTORY.— Other  characters  and  their 

relation  to  Mary  and  Elizabeth. 
Bellermann,  II.  209-27.  Berger,  II.  488-593.  Bulthaupt,  I.  357-75. 
Fielitz,  44-70.  Petsch,  208-14.  Weitbrecht,  181-211.— Green:  Short 
History  etc.  p.  386-95,  417-18,  375-81,  453-54.  Landwehr,  65-94. 
T.  F.  Henderson:  Mary  Queen  of  Scots.  Strickland,  abr.  Kauf- 
man: Life  of  Mary  Stuart.  Lord:  Beacon  Lights  of  History,  V. 
221-64.  Erich  Marcks:  Konigin  Elisabeth  und  ihre  Zeit.  Black- 
wood's Magazine,  vol.  CI.  389-414. 

24.  "DIE  JUNGFRAU  VON  ORLEANS.  Eine  romantische  Tragodie" 
(1801). 

SS  13.  167-336.  B  5.  13-158.  S  6.  187-354.  DNL  5.  ii.  215-369.  C  5. 
155-284.  Edited,  with  introd.  and  notes,  by  Nichols  (Holt)  and 
by  Allen  and  Byington  (Ginn). 

General.  —  Berger,  II.   Kap.   39.      Kiihnemann,  519-48.      Ludwig, 
362-75.    Thomas,  chap.   18.    Wychgram,  Kap.  26. 
(a)  GENESIS.     PLOT  AND  STRUCTURE.      HISTORY  AND 
FICTION. — Import  as  a  drama  of  patriotism. — Stage  pro- 
duction. Reception. 

Initial  impulse  unknown.  Study  and  preparation  of  material.  Problems  and 
difficulties.  Delight  in  the  subject.  Progress  and  completion.  Announcement: 
"Das  Madchen  von  Orleans"  (poem). — Critical  analysis  of  plot  and  tech- 
nical structure.  Character  and  function  of  the  'Prolog'.  The  three  'pictures' 
of  the  Exposition:  Johanna  at  Domremy.  The  French  court.  The  English 
camp. — Johanna's  entry  and  its  effect  on  the  dramatic  action.  Her  dominating 
role. — Relation  of  the  drama  to  history.  Historical  and  fictitious  elements  in 
Acts  I-III.  Identity  and  portrayal  of  the  principal  characters  (except  Johanna). 
— First  performance  (at  Leipzig).  Other  productions.  Reception  on  the  stage 
and  in  published   form. 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  Bd.  VI.  p.  170,  172,  176f,  181f,  190,  234,  243, 
266-7,  273,  278,  306,  317,  349,  371;  VII.  38;  ed.  Kuhnemann,  2. 
228-9.  Briefwechsel  zw.  S.  u.  G.,  ed.  Muncker,  cf.  topical  index, 
4.  239.— 'Gesprache',  ed.  Biedermann,  p.  342,  349f,  352-54,  395;  ed. 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  99 

Petersen,  p.  31  If,  316,  319-22.— 

Bellermann,  II.  243-57.    Berger,  II.  517-69.    Bulthaupt,  I.  395-400. 

Landwehr,    95-116.     Braun:    Schiller    im    Urtheile    usw.    III.    172, 

193-216,218-26. 
(b)  THE     MAID     OF     ORLEANS     IN     HISTORY     AND     IN 
SCHILLER,    SHAKESPEARE   AND    VOLTAIRE.— Her 
character  in  Schiller's   drama,  in  "King  Henry  VI,"   Part 
First,  and  in  "La  Pucelle." — The  verdict  of  history. 

The  origin  and  early  life  of  Jeanne  Dare.  Her  'voices'.  Attempted  explana- 
tions. Her  achievements  (without  detail)  and  their  significance.  Her  end. 
The  sequel.  Her  present  place. — Shakespeare's  conception.  Inconsistencies 
and  their  possible  explanation.  V'oltaire's  satire.  Its  purpose.  Effect  on 
popular  conception.  Schiller's  drama  as  a  'vindication'.  His  avowal:  "Das 
Madchen  von  Orleans",  cf.  Topic  (a).  The  character  of  Johanna,  as  shown 
by  her  acts  and  utterances  and  her  relations  to  other  persons  of  the  drama. 
Their  estimate  of  her.  Johanna's  mission  and  its  fulfillment.  Her  'tragic  guilt' 
— its  nature,  motivation  and  consequences.  The  import  of  Schiller's  conception, 
lis  justification.  The  unhistorical  ending.  The  author's  purpose.  Analogy  to 
the  'operatic  ending'  of  Goethe's  "Egmont"    (cf.   .Second   Series,  Topic,   17  b">. 

The  historical  Maid:    Green,  288-93.     Landwehr,  96-116.      Lord, 
V.    145-83.     One    of    the    biographies:    Lowell,    Parr,    Tuckey. — 
Shakespeare:   King  Henry  VI.  Part  First,   ed.  Rolfe.     Text  and 
introd.  p.  19,  22-25,  129-39.    Voltaire:  "La  Pucelle".    Cf.  Hettner, 
II.  229-31.    Condorcet:  Vie  de  Voltaire,  78-80.    Morley:  Voltaire, 
141-53.  Schiller:  Berger,  II.  522-26.   Bellermann,  II.  257-325.  Bult- 
haupt, I.  376-95.    Fielitz,  71-94.    Kirchbach,  16-17,  46-48.    Braun: 
Sch.  im  Urtheile  usw.  III.  243-53. — Kummer:  Die  Jungfrau  von 
Orleans  in  der  Dichtung. 
*(c)  "DIE  JUNGFRAU   VON   ORLEANS"   AS   A  'ROMANTIC 
TRAGEDY' — Why  so  designated?   Romantic  elements.  Use 
of  the  supernatural. — Schiller's  relation  to  German  Roman- 
ticism and  its  representatives. 
Bellermann,  II.  257-64  (Das  Wunder).    Berger,  II.  525-31.    Petsch, 
218-49.     A.  Ludwig:  Schiller  und  die  deutsche  Nachwelt,  53-202; 
cf.   Sachregister  p.   676.    Weitbrecht,  212-32.    Braun:   Schiller   im 
Urtheile  usw.  III.  264-78.    H.   Hettner:   Die  romantische  Schule, 
88-188,  passim.    R.  M.  Werner.     Euphorion,  xii.  579fif. 

25.  "DIE    BRAUT   VON    MESSINA   oder   Die   feindlichen   Bruder. 
Ein  Trauerspiel  mit  Choren"  (1803). 

SS  14.  13-128.  B  5.  179-276.  S  7.  1-120.  DNL  6.  i.  25-134.  C  6. 
156-248.  Edited,  with  introd.  and  notes,  by  W.  H.  Carruth  (Silver, 
Burdett)  and  by  Karl  Breul  (Cambridge  Univ.  Press).  For  partial 
bibliography,  see  Breul's  ed.,  Appendix  V. 

General. — Berger,  II.  Kap.  41.    Kuhnemann,  548-64.    Ludwig,  393- 
404.    Thomas,  chap.   19.    Wychgram,  Kap.  27,  Section  II. 
(a)   GENESIS  AND   FORM.     PLOT  AND  CHARACTERS. 

Initial  impulse.  Schiller's  study  of  Greek  tragedy.  Sophocles'  "Oedipus  Rex". 
Quest  of  a  subject  (cf.  letter  to  Goethe  Oct.  2,  1797).  Theme  of  'the  hostile 
brothers'.  Previous  treatment.  Plans  and  composition,  1802-3.  Completion. — 
The    invented    plot.      Premises    of    the    action.     Critical    analysis.     The    quasi- 


100  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

historical  background.  Significance  of  place  and  time. — The  four  main  char- 
acters. Relation  of  character  and  conduct.  Questions  of  probability  and  con- 
sistency (of.  Carruth's  ed.  p.  183).  Isabella's  secrecy.  The  'lavish  use  of 
silence'.  Oracles  and  ancestral  guilt. — The  two  choruses.  Their  allegiance 
and   sentiments.- — Dramatic  and   poetic   form.   Lyric  parts.   Languajje  and   style. 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  Bd.  VI.  277,  427.    Briefwechsel  zw.  S.  u.  G.,  ed. 
Muncker,  cf.  topical  index,  4.  239.    'Gesprache',  ed.  Biedermann, 
p.  369,  372,  380f;  ed.  Petersen,  p.  347,  349,  352.— 
Bellermann,  III.  4-43,  53-73.     Berger,  II.  604-07,  614-35.     Weit- 
brecht,  233-59.    F.  Piquet.    Revue  Germanique,  8.  266-79. 
(b)  THE  GREEK  ELEMENT:  CHORUS  AND  FATE  MOTIF. 
—  Stage  production.     Reception  and  influence. 
"Ueber  den  Gebrauch  des  Chors  in  der  Tragodie." 
SS  14.  3-12.   B  5.  169-78.   S  16.  118-28.    DNL  6.  i.  15-24.   C  6.  145- 
55.    Breul's   ed.   of   "Die   Braut  von   Messina,"   239-47;   Carruth's 
td.  121-32. 

Schiller's  drama  a  revival  or  a  modernization  of  Greek  tragedy?  His  ideas 
on  the  subject  (cf.  letters  to  Goethe,  index,  Muncker,  4.  239).  Use  of  fate- 
motifs.  'Machinery'  of  the  fate-tragedy.  Arguments  for  and  against  classifi- 
cation of  the  "Braut  von  M."  as  a  fate-tragedy.  Relation  of  the  characters 
to  their  fate.  External  forces:  curse,  heredity,  oracles  etc.;  internal:  character 
and  conduct.  'Freiheit  und  Notwendigkeit.'  'Schicksal  und  Schuld.' — Schil- 
ler's Chorus,  and  his  defense  of  it.  Comparison  with  Greek  chorus.  Division. 
Its  double  function;  how  exemplified. — Production  at  Weimar  and  Berlin. 
Difficulties.     Limited   appreciation.   Contemporary  criticism.   Merits  and  defects. 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  Bd.  VII.  p.  10,  17,  24f,  29f,  57f.— Bellermann, 
III.  12-53,  73-93.  Berger,  II.  598-614,  635-42.  Bulthaupt,  I.  407-32. 
Carruth's  ed.  148-55.  Harnack,  366-82.  Hoffmeister,  5.  Teil,  72-93, 
100-113.  Kirchbach,  5-9,  48-51.  Petsch,  252-69.  Thomas,  391-404. 
Weitbrecht,  243-59.    S.  W.  Cutting.    Modern  Philology,  5.  347-60. 

26.  "WILHELM  TELL.    Schauspiel"  (1804). 

SS   14.   267-426.    B   5.  289-426.    S  7.    121-284.    DNL  6.  i.   147-312. 
C  6.    9-134.     Edited,   with    introd.   and   notes,   by   A.    H.    Palmer 
(Holt)  and  by  E.  C.  Roedder  (American  Book  Co.). 
General. — Berger,  II.   Kap.  43.      Harnack,  383-95.      Kijhnemann, 
564-78.    Ludwig,  404-15.    Thomas,  chap.  20.    Wychgram,  Kap.  28. 

(a)  GENESIS  AND  SOURCES.  RECEPTION.— History,  Myth 
and  Legend.  The  Master  Shot. — Stage  production.  Con- 
temporary criticism. 

Goethe's  interest  in  the  Tell  theme  (1797-98).  His  plan  abandoned.  Rumor 
of  a  Tell  drama  by  Schiller.  He  considers  the  subject  (1802);  begins  work 
(1803);  progres's  and  completion  (1804).  Produced  in  Weimar  (Mar.  17), 
Berlin  (July  4),  and  elsewhere.  Contemporary  estimate.  — Schiller's  sources. 
Tschudi's  Chronicle  and  his  use  of  it.  Johannes  von  Muller  and  other 
'authorities.'  His  study  of  'Land  und  Leute.'  Topography.  Local  color. 
'Atmosphere.' — The  history.  The  Swiss  under  Austrian  dominion.  The  cer- 
tain facts. — Origin  and  development  of  the  legend  of  the  Forest  Cantons. 
Fictitious  persons  and  incidents.  The  Tell  legend.  Its  immediate  and  remoter 
origin.  Saxo's  story  of  Toko.  Its  use  by  Swiss  chroniclers.  Some  parallel 
accounts.     Widespread  occurrence.     The  mythical  element  and  its  interpretation. 

Briefer  ed.  Jonas,  Bd.  VI.  363,  365,  414;  VII.  35,  57,  61,  74,  99-101, 
131,  137;  ed.  Kuhnemann,  II.  259f.    Muncker:   Briefw.  zw.  S.  u.  G., 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  lOl 

cf.  topical  index,  4.  239.     'Gesprache',  ed.  Petersen,  p.  313,  361f, 

376f;  ed.  Biedermann,  p.  303-5,  322,  347,  382,  443-44,  458.— 

Berger,  II.    660-72,  693-98.      Bellermann,   III.    163-76.      Kettner: 

Schillers  W.  T.,  1-82.     Palmer's  ed.  Introd.  p.  xxxiv-lxiii.     Roed- 

der's  ed.  41-52,  271-74.     Wychgram,  470-83.     Braun:  Schiller  im 

Urtheile  usw.   III.   378-95,  399-408.     Eckermann:   Gesprache  mit 

Goethe,  cf.  Reg.  s.v.  Schiller,  Wilhelm  Tell. — Saxo  Grammaticus 

(died   c.    1208),   ed.    Holder,   Bk.    X,   p.    329-32;    transl.    (in   part) 

Elton,  391f.   Aegidius  Tschudi  (1505-1572):  Chronicon  Helveticum, 

sel.    ed.    P.    Meyer:    Bericht    iiber    d.    Befreiung    d.    Waldstiitte; 

cf.  Thomas  &  Hervey's  German  Reader,  p.  121-28.    A.  Bernoulli: 

Die  Sagen  von  Tell  und  Stauffacher.    Rochholz:  Tell  und  Gessler, 

p.  33-82.     Wlislocki.     Zeits.  fur  deut.  Philologie,   Bd.  22.    99-114. 

J.   Doran:   W.  T.  a  Scotsman. — Brief  review  of  Tell  legend  and 

its  literature  in  Encyclop.  Brit.   11th  ed.  s.  v.  'Tell'. 

(b)  CHARACTERS    AND    STRUCTURE.— IMPORT.— Tell,    his 

Character  and  his  Deeds.    The  Swiss  People.    The  Nobles. 

— The  'three  plots':  their  course  and  inter-relation. — Import 

as  a  drama  of  Liberty.    Why  'ein  National-Stiick'? 

Tell's  outstanding  traits  (as  husband,  father,  hunter,  subject,  fellow-citizen 
etc.).  How  shown  to  be  a  man  of  impulse  and  courage,  a  man  of  deeds,  not 
of  words?  Tell  and  Gessler.  Their  earlier  relation  and  its  bearing  on  the 
estimate  of  Tell.  The  two  mooted  questions  in  his  characterization:  the  apple- 
shot,  the  killing  of  Gessler.  Objections  and  defense.  His  motives.  Analysis 
of  his  monolog.  Its  import.  Tell  and  Parricida.  Effect  and  explanation  of 
Tell's  attitude. — Representatives  of  the  Swiss  People,  esp.  Stauffacher  and 
Gertrud.  The  Riitli  Council.  Import  of  the  deliberations. — Attinghausen  and 
Rudenz:  the  old  order  and  the  new.  Bertha's  function. — Independence  of  the 
three  plots.  Ideas  and  motives  connecting  them. — Political  import  of  the 
drama.  The  conception  of  liberty.  Relation  to  the  German  ideal.  Contem- 
porary  significance  of  the  drama   for  Germany. 

Bellermann,  III.  117-63.  Berger,  II.  670-93.  Kettner:  Schillers 
W.  T.  54-156.  Bulthaupt,  I.  433-54.  Kirchbach,  lOf,  51-53.  Petsch, 
269-78.  H.  V.  Stein:  Goethe  u.  Schiller,  98-106.  Thomas,  409-22, 
457-59.    Weitbrecht,  260-69. 

*(c)  SCHILLER  AS  POET  OF  LIBERTY.  — The  evolution  of 
Schiller's  ideal,  from  "Die  Rauber"  to  "Wilhelm  Tell."  — 
Political  and  moral  Freedom. 

The  idea  of  Freedom  in  the  early  dramas.  Individual  liberty  in  "Die  Rauber"' 
(Karl  Moor's  ideal).  'Republican'  liberty  in  "Fiesco."  Equality  of  private 
rights  in  "Kabale  und  Liebe."  Virtuous  plebeian  vs.  vicious  aristocrat.  Free- 
dom of  conscience  in  "Don  Carlos"  (Posa's  ideal).  Humanity  vs.  monarchy. 
— Philosophical  studies  and  their  sequel.  Self-mastery.  The  harmony  of  reason 
and  feeling:  "Ueber  Anmut  und  Wiirde."  Harmony  of  the  Natural  State  and 
the  Moral  State.  Esthetic  and  moral  culture  prerequisite  to  political  liberty. 
Relation  to  the  sjnrit  of  the  times  (French  Revolution)  :  "Ueber  die  asthetische 
Erziehung  des  Menschen",  Briefe  1-10.  Subjection  of  the  material  to  the 
ideal:  "Das  Ideal  und  das  I.eben." — Schiller's  attitude  toward  the  French  Revo- 
lution: "Das  Lied  von  der  Glocke",  lines  300-3S1,  and  the  poem  "Wilhelm 
Tell"  (1804).  Cf.  Karoline  von  Wolzogen:  Schiller's  Leben,  p.  202f.  His 
diploma  of  French  citizenship  (cf.  Wychgram,  Kap.  19,  first  4  pp.). — The 
'declaration  of  rights'  in  the  drama,  "Wilhelm  Tell".  Nature  of  the  protest 
and  the  resistance.    The  play  as  an  expression  of  the  German  ideal.    Schiller's 


i«2  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

final  conception  in  comparison  and  contrast  with  its  earlier  forms.  His 
'aristocracy.'  Goethe's  estimate. —  (This  topic  requires  first-hand  study  of  the 
foregoing  works  and  should  be  undertaken  only  on  the  basis  of  previous 
acquaintance  with  most  of  them.  The  subject  may  be  delimited  by  considering 
only  its  political  aspect,  as  reflected  in  the  dramas  and  the  two  poems,  "Das 
Lied  von  der  Glocke"  and  "Wilhelm  Tell.") 

Incidental  comment  on  this  subject  will  be  found  in  some  of  the 
works  referred  to  under  the  respective  topics,  but  the  material 
must,  in  the  main,  be  extracted  from  Schiller's  writings.  Kirch- 
bach  and  Petsch,  and  the  indexes  of  Berger,  Ludwig,  Thomas 
and  Wychgram  should  be  consulted  s.  v.  'Freiheit',  'Revolution' 
etc.;  similarly  the  indexes  of  Schiller's  'Gesprache',  ed.  by  Bieder- 
mann  and  Petersen,  and  Hecker's  "Schillers  Persdnlichkeit";  of 
Muncker:  Briefwechsel  zw.  Schiller  und  Goethe,  Reg-.  Bd.  4;  of 
Eckermann's  "Gesprache  mit  Goethe",  s.  v.  Schiller.  —  M.  D. 
Learned.     German  American  Annals,  New  Series,  3.    218-33. 

27.  DRAMATIC  FRAGMENTS. 

(a)  "DEMETRIUS"  (1804-05).— Genesis  and  Sources.  Plot  and 
Characters  of  the  completed  scenes  (including  original  First 
Act).    Scenarium  of  the  remainder. 

SS  15.  ii.  323-592.  B  5.  447-504;  10.  301-492.  S  8.  1-108.  DNL  8. 
208-495.  C  16.  33-136.  Standard  critical  edition:  G.  Kettner, 
Schillers  Dramatischer  Nachlass,  Bd.  1.  Weimar,  1895. —  C,  also 
edited  by  Kettner,  contains  excellent  introd.  and  selections  from 
scenarium. 

Attractiveness  of  the  Demetrius  theme.  Interest  in  Russian  history.  Betrothal 
and  marriage  of  Prince  Karl  Friedrich  (1804).  Beginning  and  interruptions 
of  Schiller's  preparation.  Collection  of  material.  His  plan.  Actual  composi- 
tion begun  (Nov.  1804).  Progress  (Mar.  Apr.  1805).  Content  of  completed 
portions.  Act  I  dropt.  The  elaborate  scenarium. — -Sources.  Historical  facts. 
Events  following  the  death  of  Ivan  the  Terrible  (1584).  Boris  Godunoff.  The 
end  of  Rurik's  line  (1S91).  Influential  nobles.  The  Romanoffs.  Appearance 
of  Dmitri  (1604).  His  following.  Victory  and  subsequent  death  of  Boris 
(Apr.  1605).  Fate  of  his  family.  Dmitri  enters  Moscow  (June  20,  1605). 
His  reign.  Blunders.  Marriage,  May  18,  1606.  Rebellion,  May  29.  His  end. 
Interregnum.  Accession  of  Michael  Romanoff,  1613. — Identity  and  character 
of  Dmitri.  The  three  hypotheses:  genuine  heir,  conscious,  unwitting  impostor. 
Schiller's  conception  and  portrayal.  Effective  scenes  and  situations  executed. 
The  rejected  first  act.  The  Diet  scene.  Other  characters.  Motivation.  Marfa's 
role.  Its  significance,  as  planned. — Main  points  in  the  scenarium.  Boris  and 
his  family.  The  climax  of  Demetrius'  career.  His  discovery  and  its  effect. 
Triumph  and  reversal.  Marina's  role.  D's  fate.  Import  of  the  drama,  as 
conceived   by    Schiller. 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  Bd.  VII.  158,  222.  241.    'Gesprache',  ed.  Bieder- 
mann,  p.  414,  425-29;  ed.  Petersen,  p.  374f,  422.— 
Bellermann,  III.  281-330.     Berger,  II.  725-40.     Bulthaupt,  I.  455- 
65.   Harnack,  410-13.   Petsch,  281-95.    Thomas,  428-32.    Leitzmann. 
Euphorion,  4.  509-37. 
*(b)  "DIE    MALTESER"    (1788f)    and    "WARBECK"    (1799f).— 
Genesis  and  sources.    Theme  and  import.    Relation  to  other 
dramas.    Plot  and  characters  of  completed  portions.    Plans 
for  continuation. 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  103 

SS  15.  i.  87-145,  174-258.  B  10.  11-72,  139-218.  S  8.  167-204, 
109-166.  DNL  8.  17-72,  110-184.  C  16.  196-227,  137-186.— Critical 
ed.  by  G.  Kettner:  Schillers  Dramatische  Entwiirfe  und  Frag- 
mente  (1899),  196-227,  137-186.  G.  Witkowski:  Aus  Schillers 
Werkstatt,  27-93,  157-247. 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  cf.  Reg.  Bd.  VII.  p.  iv,  xv,  Muncker:  Briefw. 
zw.  S.  u.  G.,  Reg.  Bd.  4,  239.— Bellermann,  III.  200-16,  262-80. 
Berger,  II.  514-16.  Petsch,  278-81 .  Thomas,  432-37.  Leitzmann. 
Euphorion,  Bd.  5,  4.  Erganzungsheft,  p.  80-89. 

•28.  CRITICISM  AND  ADAPTATION  OF  GERMAN  MASTER- 
PIECES.—Reviews  of  "Egmont"  (1788)  and  "Iphigenie  auf 
Tauris".  'Biihnenbearbeitung'  of  "Egmont"  (1796),  "Iphi- 
genie auf  Tauris"  (1802,  not  printed)  and  "Nathan  der 
Weise"  (1801). — Acquaintance  with  these  four  dramas  is 
prerequisite. 

i.  "Ueber  Goethes  Iphigenie  auf  Tauris"  (1789). 

SS  6.  239-63.    B  13.   306-36.    S  16.    195-226.    DNL  12.   ii.  284-313. 

Briefe,  ed  Jonas,  Reg.  Bd.  VII.  p.  xiii-xiv.    Muncker:  Briefw.  zw. 

S.   u.    G.,    Reg.   4.   240.      Winkler's    ed.    of    Goethe's    "Iphigenie", 

p.  Ixviii-lxxi.    Berger,  I.  595;  II.  477f. 
ii.  "Ueber  Egmont,  Trauerspiel  von  Goethe"  (1788). 

SS  6.   80-91.    B   13.    295-306.    S  16.    179-90.    DNL   12.    ii.   274-84. 

C  15.  154-64    Winkler's  ed.  of  Goethe's  "Egmont",  p.  153-67. 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  cf.  Reg.  Bd.  VII.  p.  xiii.     Schiller:  Des  Grafen 

Lamoral  von  Egmont  Leben  und  Tod.     SS  9.    3-26.     DNL  10.   i. 

303-25.    Winkler's  ed.  of  Goethe's  "Egmont",  p.   119-50.     Berger, 

I.  586f.    Thomas,  223-25. 
iii.  GOETHE'S  "EGMONT",  fur  die  Buhne  bearbeitet  (1796;  pub- 
lished 1857). 

SS  15.   ii.  1-84.     DNL  7.  243-323  (most  convenient  edition). 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  cf.  Reg.  Bd.  VII.  p.  xiv.   'Gesprache',  ed.  Bieder- 

mann,  p.  443;  ed.  Petersen,  p.  362f.     Eckermann:  Gesprache  mit 

Goethe,  Bd.  2,  Feb.  19,  1829.    Muncker:  Briefw.  zw.  S.  u.  G.,  Reg. 

4.  240.  A.  Koster:  Schiller  als  Dramaturg,  p.  1-10.   Thomas:  Schil- 
ler, p.  438f. 
iv.  LESSING'S  "NATHAN  DER  WEISE",  fur  die  Buhne  bearbei- 
tet (1801). 

SS    15.    ii.   85-228.     DNL   7.    325-478    (most   convenient   ed.). 

Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  Bd.  VII.  p.  xiv.    Muncker:  Briefw.  zw.  S.  u.  G. 

4.  240.    Koster,  127-44.    Berger,  II.  477.    Thomas,  439f.     Braun: 

Schiller,  III.  228f. 

*29.  TRANSLATIONS  OF  FOREIGN  DRAMAS.— Euripides'  "Iphi- 
genie in  Aulis",  Shakespeare's  "Macbeth",  Gozzi's  "Turan- 
dot." — Treatment,  linguistic  and  critical.  Modifications  in 
form  and  content, 
i.  "IPHIGENIE  IN  AULIS"  (1789).— Schiller's  studies  in  Greek 
drama.     Relation  of  the  classical  and  the  modern. 


10^  PROGRAM  OF  TOPICS 

SS  6.   151-238.     B   11.   77-164.     S  10.   75-161.     DNL  6.   ii.  1-81. 
C  7.  9-82.     English  transl.  of  Euripides's  drama  by  A.  S.  Way. 
Briefe,   ed.   Jonas,   cf.    Reg.    Bd.   VII.   p.  x.      Jonas,   Archiv   fur 
Lit'gesch.  Bd.  7,  p.   195-203.     Berger,  I.  580f. 
ii.  "MACBETH"  (1801).   Schiller  and  Shakespeare.— Use  of  earlier 

translations  and  of  the  original.    Treatment  of  the  Witches. 

Minor  changes. 
SS  13.  1-166.  B  11.  191-294.  S  9.  1-116.  DNL  6.  ii.  11-209.  C  7. 
107-96.  Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  cf.  Reg.  Bd.  VII.  p.  xi.  Muncker: 
.  Briefw.  zw.  S.  u.  G.  Reg.  4.  239.  Zimmer,  B  11.  364-67.  Koster: 
Schiller  als  Dramaturg,  74-126.  Berger,  II.  467-70.  Thomas,  442. 
Braun:  Schiller,  III.  216f.  Otto  Ludwig:  Shakespeare-Studien 
(Leip.  1872),  p.  13f,  67-74.  Karl  Werder:  Vorlesungen  iiber  Shake- 
speare's Macbeth. 
iii.   "TURANDOT,  Prinzessin  von  China"  (1802).— Gozzi's  Marchen- 

drama.     The  form  of  Schiller's  version.     Treatment  of  the 

characters,  esp.  Turandot.  The  riddles. 
SS  13.  337-492.  B  12.  3-106.  S  9.  117-234.  DNL  7.  7-109.  C  8.  1-94. 
Briefe,  ed.  Jonas,  cf.  Reg.  Bd.  VII.  p.  xiv.  Muncker:  Briefw. 
Reg.  4.  239.  Zimmer,  B  12.  454f.  Koster,  147-214.  Berger,  II.  471- 
74,  Bulthaupt,  I.  401-06.  Thomas,  442.  Braun:  Schiller,  III.  227f, 
340f.— For  the  riddles  cf.  B  1.  275-82,  351f.  A.  Wunsche:  Zeits.  fiir 
vergleichende  Lit'gesch.,  Neue  Folge,  Bd.  9,  p.  441-43. 

30.  i.  LAST  YEARS  (1800-1805).  THE  END. 

ii.  SCHILLER,  AUTHOR  AND  MAN.— The  verdict  of  contem- 
poraries and  of  posterity.    (Topic  ii,  in  briefer  form,  may  be 
combined   with   Topic   i,    or   may   be   treated   separately   in 
greater  detail.) 
Life  and   work  at   Weimar.    Joint  direction   of   the   theater.    Triumphs.     En- 
nobled  (1802).     Mme.  de  Stael  at  Weimar  (1803).    Her  impressions  of  Schil- 
ler.    Critics    and    enemies.     Goethe's    support.     Visit    to    Berlin    (1804).     The 
invitation.     Negotiations  and  the  outcome  (cf.  Stolzel).     Prince  Karl  Friedrich's 
marriage    to    Maria    Paulowna    (1804).     Schiller's    tribute:    "Huldigung    der 
Kiinste."     Last  labors.     Plans.     Schiller's   "Kalender."     Death,   May   9,    1805. 
Goethe's  grief  and  his  tribute  ("Epilog").   The  verdict. — Schiller's  descendants. 
• — Some  personal   traits — from   his   life,   letters   and   works.    The   estimates  of 
contemporaries. 

i.  "DIE  HULDIGUNG  DER  KUENSTE"  (1804). 

SS  15.  i.  1-14.  B  5.  429-40.  S  7.  341-52.  DNL  6.  321-32.  C  6. 
134-44.  Schillers  Kalender  vom  18.  Juli,  1795-1805.  Neue  Ausgabe, 
ed.  Miiller.  Briefe,  ed.  Kiihnemann,  Bd.  2.  p.  224-302,  passim. 
Goethe:  "Epilog  zu  Schillers  Lied  von  der  Glocke."  Werke,  H  1. 
136-39.  J  1.  282-85.  (cf.  Topic  19  and  Second  Series,  Topic  22, 
Syllabus,  p.  50).  Eckermann:  Gesprache  mit  Goethe,  Reg.  s.  v. 
Schiller.  — 

Berger,  II.  Kap.  27,  40,  42,  44.  Harnack,  Kap.  15,  passim.  Kiihne- 
mann, 589-604.  Ludwig,  375-92,  415-24.  Thomas,  chap.  21.  Wych- 
gram,  Kap.  29,  30.  (Of  foregoing  six  read  Berger,  Thomas  and 
one  other.) — Stolzel:  Schillers   Berufung  nach  Berlin. 


THIRD  SERIES:  SCHILLER  1«^5 

Berger,  II.  Kap.  45.  Ludwig:  Schiller,  425-39.  Thomas,  chap.  22. 
A.  Ludwig:  Schiller  und  die  deutsche  Nachwelt,  Kap.  1,  2. — Personal 
traits:  Hecker:  Schillers  Personlichkeit,  3  Bde.  'Gesprache',  ed. 
Biedermann,  cf.  Topical  Index  B,  2.  p.  503-04;  ed.  Petersen,  Top. 
Ind.  B,  p.  478-80.  Eckermann:  Gesprache  (see  under  Topic  i.). 
Goethe:  Epilog  (ditto),  Goethe-Briefe,  ed.  Ph.  Stein,  cf.  Reg. 
4  in  Bd.  3-8,  s.  v.  Schiller.  Streicher:  Schillers  Flucht,  passim. 
De  Stael:  De  L'Allemagne,  Part  II.  chap.  8;  transl.  Habs 
(Reclam),  Bd.  1.  p.  186-90.  K.  von  Wolzogen:  Schillers  Leben 
(Cotta  ed.),  267-79.  Kuhnemann:  Schillers  Kantische  Studien 
usw.  Theil  III  (S's  Personlichkeit).  E.  Miiller:  Schiller.  Intimes 
aus   seinem   Leben.     J.    G.   Robertson:    Schiller   after   a   Century. 


10«  NOTES  AND  ADDENDA 


NOTES  AND  ADDENDA 


107 


108 


General   Bibliography 

For  references  to  complete  and  partial  bibliographies  of  Lessing, 
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respectively.  This  bibliography  includes  all  books  and  journal  articles 
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did  not  appear  on  the  original  title-page.  The  publisher's  name  is 
given  in  a  few  instances,  mainly  of  annotated  text-editions.  For 
explanation  of  abbreviations,  see  page  2. 

Adams,  Sarah  H.  See  Grimm,  Herman:  Essays.  Idem:  Goethe. 
Alfieri,  Vittorio.  Tragedies,  transl.  Charles  Lloyd.  3  vols.  London,  1815. 
Allen  (Philip  S.)  and  Byington  (Steven  T.).    Schiller's  "Jungfrau  von 

Orleans",  edited.    Berlin,  New  York.    Ginn  (1909). 
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herausgeg.  Ernst  Hartung.    'Biicher  der  Rose.'    Ebenhausen  bei 

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Allgemeine  Deutsche  Biographic.     Herausgeg.  R.  von  Liliencron  u. 

F.  X.  Wegele.    56  Bde.  Leipz.  1875-1912. 
Alt,  Karl.     Goethe  und  seine  Zeit.     Leipzig,  1911. 
Andress,  J.  Mace.     Johann  Gottfried  Herder  as  an   Educator.     New 

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Appall,  Johann  Wilhelm.     Werther  und  seine  Zeit.     4.  Aufl.     Olden- 
burg, 1896. 
Arnim,  Bettina  von.    Goethes  Briefwechsel  mit  einem  Kinde.    Heraus- 
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Baechtold,  Jakob.      Goethes    Gotz   von    Berlichingen.      In    dreifacher 

Gestalt.    Freiburg,  1888. 
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u.  Tubingen,  1883. 
Bartels,  Adolf.    Handbuch  zur  Geschichte  der  deut.  Literatur.    2.  Aufi. 

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Franz  Saran.     Bd.  1-15.     Halle  a.  S.,  1909-15. 
Beaumarchais,  Pierre  Caron  de.    Quatrieme  Memoire  a  consulter  .... 

contra  M.  Goezman   (Paris,   1774).    Fragment  de  mon  voyage 

d'Espagne:  ed.  M.  de  Lescure.    Clavijo.    Paris,  1880. 
Bellermann,  Ludwig.    Schiller.    (Biography)    Leip.   Berl.  Wien,   1901. 
Schillers  Dramen.     Beitrage  zu  ihrem  Verstandnis.     3   Bande. 

4.  Aun.    Berlin,  1908.    (Cited  as  'Bellermann') 
Berendt,   Hans.      Goethes  Wilhelm   Meister.      Ein    Beitrag   zur   Ent- 

stahungsgeschichte.    Dortmund,  1911. 
Berger,    A.    E.       Friedrich    der    Grosse    und    die    deutsche    Literatur. 

Bonn,  1890. 


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19U8.    6.  AulL    1910,  1911.    (Cited  as  'Berger') 

Schi'llers  Doppelliebo.    Marbachcr  Schillerbucli,  III  (1909)  163-84. 

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Berlichingen.    Niirnberg,  1731.    Repr.  in 'Quellenschriften',  No.  2. 

Halle,  1886.    In  modernized  German  by  Miiller.    Reclams  Uni- 

versalbibl.  1556. 
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Bettelheim^  Anton.      Beaumarchais.      1886.     2.  Aufl.     Miinchen,   1911. 
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Life  of  Goethe.    London  (n.  d.).  Walter  Scott.    'Great  Writers.' 

Schiller.    London,  1882.    Blackwood's  Foreign  Classics. 

Spittler,    Ludwig    Timotheus.       Samtliche    Werke.       15    Bde.       Stgt, 

Tubingen,   1837. 
Splettstosser,  W.    Der  Grundgedanke  in  Goethes  Faust.    Berlin,  1911. 
Stael,  Madame  de.    De  L'Allemagne.    Nouvelle  ed.  Paris,  1842.   Ueber- 

setzt  von  Robert  Habs:  Ueber  Deutschland.     2  Bde.     Leipzig. 

Reclam's  Univ'bibl. 
Stahr,  Adolf.     Goethes  Frauengestalten.     2  Bde.     Berlin,  1870. 

G.    E.   Lessing.      Sein   Leben   und   seine   Werke.      2   Bde.   in    1. 

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Schillers   Graubiindner  A^are.     Euphorion,  12.    233-62. 

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GENERAL  BIBLIOGRAPHY  liis 

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i^«  GENERAL  BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Ziegler,  Theobald.     Freiheit  und  Notwendigkeit  in  Schillers  Dramen. 
Marbacher  Schillerbuch,  I.   (1905). 

Schiller.    Leipzig.    Teubner,  'Aus  Natur  und  Geisteswelt.'    1905. 

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JOURNALS 

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Beitrage  zur  Geschichte  der  deutschen  Sprache  und  Literatur.    ('Paul 

und  Braune').    Halle,  1874— 
Berliner    Beitrage    zur    germanischen    und    romanischen    Philologie. 

Berlin,   1893— 
Euphorion.      Zeitschrift    fiir    Literaturgeschichte.      Leipzig   u.    Wien, 

1894— 
German-American   Annals    (vols.    1-4,   Americana    Germanica).     N.  Y. 

1897-1902.    Philadelphia,  1903— 
Goethe-Jahrbuch.      Herausgeg.  Ludwig  Geiger.     34  Bde.      Frankfurt 

a/M,  1880-1913. 
Jahrbuch  der  Goethe-Gesellschaft.    Herausgeg.  H.  G.  Graf.    Weimar, 

1914— 
Jahrbuch  des  Freien  Deutschen  Hochstifts.      Frankfurt  a/M,   1902 — 
Jahresberichte    fur    Neuere    Deutsche    Litteraturgeschichte    (1890 — ). 

Stuttgart,  1892— 
Journal   of   English   and   Germanic   Philology    (vols.    1-4:    Journal    of 

Germanic   Philology).     Evanston,   111.,    1903 — 
Modern  Language  Association  of  America,  Publications  of.    (ML  A 

Pub.).    Baltimore,  1886— 
Modern  Language  Notes.     Baltimore,  1886 — 
Modern  Language  Review.    Cambridge  (Eng.),  1906 — 
Modern  Philology.     Chicago,  1903 — 
Revue  Germanique.     Paris,  1905 — 
Vierteljahrschrift  fiir  Literaturgeschichte.     Bd.  1-6.    Weimar,  1888-93. 

(Abbrev.  VJ  or  VJS). 
Zeitschrift  fiir  deutsches  Altertum.    Leipzig,  1841 — .  (Abbrev.  Z.f.  d.A.) 

Anzeiger  (current  reviews)  with  each  vol. 
Zeitschrift  fur  deutsche  Philologie.     Halle,  1869—.  (Abbrev.  Z.f. d.  P.) 


CHRONOLOGY  129 

CHRONOLOGY  TO  1700 
Historical  and  Literary 

1137-1193.   Saladin,  Sultan  of  Egypt  and  Syria. 

1189-1192.  Third    Crusade,    led    by    Frederick    Barbarossa,    Philip 
Augustus  and   Richard  the  Lion-Hearted. 
1190.   Frederick  Barbarossa  drowned,  Asia  Minor,  June  20. 
1265-1321.   Dante  Alighieri.    "Divine  Comedy,"  1300-1318. 
1277-1318.   Erwin  von  Steinbach,  architect  of  Strassburg  cathedral. 
1313-1375.   Giovanni  Boccaccio.    The  "Decameron,"  1353. 

1307.  Birth    of    Swiss    Confederation    at    the    Riitli,    night    of 

November  7-8. 

1308.  Emperor  Albert,  Duke  of  Austria,  murdered  by  Johannes 

Parricida. 
C.13S0.  Till  Eulenspiegel  died.   His  life  and  'joke-book'  written, 
1483. 
1380-1422.   Charles  VI.,  King  of  France,  reigned. 

1409.   University  of  Leipzig  founded. 
1412-1431.   Jeanne   Dare    (Joan   of  Arc)    lived. 
1422-1461.   Charles  VII.,  King  of  France,  reigned. 
1422-1471.   Henry  VI.,  King  of  England,  reigned. 
1429.   Siege  of  Orleans. 
C.1450.   Gutenberg's    invention    of    Printing. 
1474-1533.  Ludovico  Ariosto.   "Orlando  Furioso,"  1515. 
1480-1562.   Gotz  von  Berlichingen  lived. 
C.1480-C.1S40.   Dr.  Johann  Faust  lived. 
1483-1546.    Martin  Luther  lived. 
1493-1519.    Maximilian  I.  Holy  Roman  Emperor. 
1494-1576.   Hans  Sachs.    Meistersinger  and  shoemaker.    Nurnberg. 
1494-1568.  Jean   P.   de  la   Valette,   Grand   Master   of   Knights    of 
Malta  (from  1557).   Defender  of  Malta,  siege  of  1565. 
1495.   Diet    of    Worms.     *Der    ewige    Landfriede'    and    'Das 
Reichskammergericht'  established. 

1498.  Low  German  version  of  "Reinecke  Fuchs"  (Reinke  de 

vos). 

1499.  Perkin  Warbeck,  English  pretender,  executed. 
1501-1576.   Hieronymus  Cardanus  lived.    (Cf.  Lessing's  'Rettung'.) 

1507.  Earliest  record  of  the  historical  Faust. 

1508-1582.  Duke  of  Alba  (Fernando  Alvarez  de  Toledo). 

1509-1547.  Henry  VIII,  King  of  England,  reigned.    Anne  Boleyn 
executed,  1536. 

1517.  Luther  posts  his  theses  and  begins  public  career. 

1519-1556.  Charles  V.  Holy  Roman  Emperor.     Lived   1500-1558. 

1522-1568.  Lamoral  Count  of  Egmont  lived.    Executed  June  5. 

1523.  Death  of  Franz  von  Sickingen  and  Ulrich  von  Hutten. 

1524-1525.  Peasants'  War. 


130  CHRONOLOGY 

1524-1547.   Giovanni  Luigi  Fiasco  lived.    Drowned  January  2. 
1527.   Philip  II.  of  Spain  born.    King,  1556-1598. 
1533.   Elizabeth  of  England  born.   Queen,  1558-1603. 
1533-1584.   Ivan  the  Terrible,  Czar  of  Russia,  reigned. 

1542.   Mary  Stuart,  Queen  of  Scots,  born.    Queen  of  France, 
1559-60.    Returned  to  Scotland,  1561.    Darnley's  mur- 
der, February  10,  1567.    Imprisoned  in  England  from 
1568  to  execution,  February  8,  1587. 
1544-1595.   Torquato  Tasso.    "Jerusalem  Delivered"  compl.  at  Fer- 
rara,  1575. 
1545.    Birth  of  Don  Carlos  of  Spain  and  Elisabeth  of  Valois. 
Marriage  of  Elisabeth  and  Philip  II.,  1559. 
1547-1553.    Edward  VI.,  King  of  England,  reigned  (born,  1537). 
1553-1558.   Mary  Tudor,  Queen  of  England,  reigned  (born,  1516). 
1558-1603.    Elizabeth,  Queen  of  England,  reigned. 
1556-1564.    Ferdinand    I.    Emperor.       Struggle    of    Catholics    and 

Protestants  begins. 
1564-1576.   Maximilian  II.  Emperor. 

1564-1593.   Christopher  Marlowe  lived.    "Dr.  Faustus,"  1589. 
1564-1616.   William  Shakespeare. 

1568.   Death   of  Don   Carlos   (July)   and  Elisabeth   of  Valois 
(September). 
1576-1612.   Rudolf  II.  Emperor. 

1583-1606.    Demetrius  (Dmitri)  lived.    Czar  of  Russia,  1605-06. 
1583-1634.   Albrecht  von  Waldstein   (called  Wallenstein)  lived. 

1587.  'Das    alteste    Faustbuch'    pub.    by   Joh.    Spiess,    Frank- 
furt a/M. 

1587.  Mary  Stuart  beheaded  at  Fotheringay,  February  8. 

1588.  Destruction    of    the    Spanish    Armada    in    the    Engh'sh 

Channel. 

1589.  English    transl.    of   Faustbuch    (1588?)    and    Marlowe's 

"Dr.  Faustus." 
1598-1651.   Maximilian  I.,  Duke  (later  Elector)  of  Bavaria. 

1599.   Widmann's  edition  of  the  'Faustbuch.' 
1604-1655.   Friedrich  von  Logau,  epigrammatist.    Sinngedichte,  1654. 
1606-1684.   Pierre  Corneille,  French  dramatist  (tragedy)  and  critic. 
1612-1619.   Matthias,   Emperor. 

1618.  Thirty  Years'  War  begins.  May  23. 
1619-1637.   Ferdinand  II.  Emperor. 

1619.  Frederick  V.  of  the  Palatinate  elected  King  of  Bohemia 

(the  'Winter  King'). 

1620.  Battle  of  White  Hill. 

1622-1673.  Moliere,  French  dramatist  (comedy). 

1626.  Wallenstein  defeats  Mansfeld  at  Dessau. 

1628.  Wallenstein  besieges  Stralsund. 

1629.  Edict  of  Restitution. — Peace  of  Liibeck  (with  Denmark). 

1630.  Diet  of  Regensburg.    Wallenstein  dismissed  from  com- 

mand. 


CHRONOLOGY  131 

1631.  Tilly  destroj'S  Magdeburg.    Gustavus  Adolphus  defeats 

Tilly  at  Breitenfeld. 

1632.  Death   of   Tilly.— Battle  of   Liitzen,    Nov.   16,   Gustavus 

Adolphus  killed. 

1634.   Wallenstein  assassinated,  night  February  24-25. 
1632-1677.   Benedict  Spinoza,  Dutch  Jewish  philosopher,  lived. 
1637-1657.    Ferdinand  III.  Emperor. 
1639-1692.   Abbe  C.  V.  de  St.  Real,  French  novelist. 
1639-1699.   Jean  Racine,  French  dramatist  (tragedy). 
1640-1688.   Frederick  William  of  Brandenburg,  the  Great  Elector. 
1643-1715.   Louis  XIV.,  King  of  France,  reigned. 

1648.   Peace  of  Westphalia  ends  Thirty  Years'  War. 
1652-1685.   Thomas  Otway,  English  dramatist. 
1667-1745.   Jonathan   (Dean)  Swift.    English  satirist. 
1658-1705.   Leopold  I.  Emperor. 

1674.    Pfitzer's  edition  of  the  'Faustbuch.' 

1681.    Strassburg  seized  by  Louis  XIV. 

1688.   Revolution  in  England.   'Bill  of  Rights'  (1689). 
1688-1701.    Frederick  III.  Elector  of  Brandenburg  (King  of  Prussia, 

1701-13). 
1689-1761.   Samuel  Richardson,  English  novelist. 
1694-1768.    Hermann   Samuel    Reimarus,   the   'WolfTenbiittel    Frag- 

mentist.' 
1694-1778.   Voltaire,    Franqois   Marie   Arouet   de. 


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143 


GOETHE                                1 

CONTEMPORARY.  EVENTS 

180« 

Studies  in  optics  and  colors.    Pub.  of  new  (first 
Cotta)  edition  of  Works  begun,  Apr.     Prepa- 
ration   of   "Faust.    Erster   Theil"    for    printer 
compl.  Mar.-Apr.  25  (pub.  in  Bd.  8.— Battle  of 
Jena  (Oct.  14)  and  sack  of  Weimar.    Soldiers 
quartered  in  Goetlie's  house.   His  peril.    Safety 
assured  by  guard.     Considerate  treatment  by 
French  officers.    Visit  of  Wilhelm  von  Tiirck- 
heim  (Lili's  son).    Napoleon's  arrival  in  Wei- 
mar, Oct.  15.    Heroism  of  Duchess  Luise  (Karl 
August    absent).  —  Wedding    of    Goethe    and 
ChrlBtiane,   Oct.   19.      Johanna   Schopenhauer 
(mother  of  the  philosopher)  comes  to  live  in 
Weimar.    She  'introduces'  Christiane  to  Wei- 
mar society. 

The  •  Rheinbund '  established, 
July  12.  End  of  the  Holy 
Roman   Empire,  Aug.   6. 

Napoleon  defeats  Prussians  and 
Saxons  at  Jena.  Oct.  14. 

Death  of  Leisewitz. 

"Des  Knaben  Wunderhorn"  pub. 
by  Arnim  and   Brentano. 

1807 

First  performance  of  "Torquato  Tasso,"  Feb.  16. 
Death    of    Anna    Amalia,    Apr.    10.       Visit    of 
Bettina  Brentano,  spring.     Corresp.  with  her 
begins  ( "Brief wechsel  mit  einem  Kinde").      Ill 
health.     At  Carlsbad,  May  28-Sept.  7.     Geo- 
logical   studies.      Works   on    "Pandora"   and 
scientific  writings.     "Die  neue  Melusine"  and 
other   tales    for    "Wilhelm    Meisters    Wander- 
jahre."  —  Passion    for   Minna  Herzlieb,    Nov.- 
Dec.    "Sonette."    "Die  Wahlverwandtschaften" 
begun. 

Peace   of   Tilsit,  July. 
Humiliation   of  Prussia. 
Fichte's   "Reden  an  die  deutsche 
Nation." 

1808 

Corresp.  with  Bettina  cont.   "FAUST.   ERSTER 
THEIL,"  pub.   June.     "Pandora"    (Pandorens 
Wiederkehr)  pub.  as  fragment.     Studies  Cal- 
deron  and  "Nibelungenlied." — August  student 
at  Heidelberg. — At  Carlsbad,  May  15  -  c.  Sept. 
15.      Death    of  Goethe's   mother,    Fran    Rath, 
Sept.  13.     Audience  with  Napoleon  at  Erfurt, 
Oct.    2.      Decorated   with    'Legion   of  Honor,' 
Oct.  14.    Invites  Goethe  to  Paris. 

Congress    of    Princes    at    Erfurt, 
Oct. 

1809 

Corresp.  with  Bettina  cont.    "DIE  WAHLVER- 
WANDTSCHAFTEN" finished,  Oct.  3.     Proj- 
ect   of    writing    Autobiography.        "Jolianna 
Sebus"   (poem). 

1810 

"ZCB  FARBENLEHRE"  compl.  May  16,  'after 
twenty  years  of  work.'    "Dichtung  und  Wahr- 

heit"  planned.    Obtains  material  on  his  child- 
hood from  Bettina.— "Ergo  bibamus"   (song). 
At    Carlsbad    July-Sept.      Meets    Empress    of 
Austria.    His  admiration  for  her.    Friendship 
with  Sulpiz  Boisserfee  begins. 

University  of  Berlin  founded. 

1811 

At  Carlsbad  with  Christiane  and  Riemer,  May- 
June.    Bettina  marries  Achim  von  Arnim  and 
visits  Goethe,  Sept.     Her  treatment  of  Chris- 
tiane causes  estrangement  from  Goethe   (cor- 
resp. resumed  1817,  after  Christiane's  death). 
"  DICHTUNG      UND      WAHRHEIT,      Erster 
Theil"  pub.  Sept. 

Death  of  Heinrich  von  Kleist. 
Maler   Miiller's   "Golo   und   Geno- 
veva"  pub. 

1812 

Indifference   to    political    events.       Summer    in 
Carlsbad    and    Teplitz.       Meets    Empress    of 
Austria  again.    Meets  Beethoven.  —  Decides  to 
arrange    "Faust"    for    stage.        "DICHTUNG 
UND    WAHRHEIT.     Zweiter    Theii."    "Gross 
Ist  die  Diana  der  Epheser"    (poem). 

Napoleon's  Russian  campaign. 

1813 

Death  of  Wieland,  Jan.  20;  G's  oration.     Death 
of    Friederike   Brion,    Apr.    3    (not    known    to 
Goethe).    Goes  to  Bohemia  via  Dresden  (Apr,- 
May,   visits   Korner),  Apr.   17-Aug.  19.     Wei- 
mar in  peril,  Oct.    Arrival  of  Czar  Alexander 
and    Frederick    William    III.       "Shakespeare 
und  liein   Ende."  "Gefunden"  (poem),  Aug.  26, 
on  way  to  llnienau. 

Prussia  declares  war  on  France. 
Mar.    16.      'War   of   Liberation.' 

Death  of  Theodor  Korner,  Aug. 
26.  Napoleon  defeated  at  Leip- 
zig ('Volkerschlacht'),  Oct.  16- 
19. 

1814 

News  of  taking  of  Paris  reaches  Weimar,  Apr.  9. 
"Des    Epimenides    Erwachen"    finished,    July. 
Rhein    and    Jlain    journey,    July    25-Oct.    27. 
Sniikt   Rochusfest  zu   Bingen.     At   Wiesbaden 
with  Zt'Iter.     Visits  Willemer  at  the  'Gerber- 
miihle,'    near    Frankfurt,    Sept.     18.        Meets 
Marianne  Jung.     Willemer  marries  her,  Sept. 
27.       Interest    in    Persian    poetry    (Hammer's 
transl.  of  Hafis)    begins.     "DICHTUNG  UND 
WAIIKHEIT.     Dritter  Theil."    Begins  editing 
"Italienische   Reise." 

Allies   enter    Paris,    March    31. 
Napoleon     abdicates,    Apr.     11. 
Arrives  Elba,  May  4.     Congress 
of  Vienna  convenes,  Sept. 

144 


GOETHE 

CONTEMPORARY.  EVENTS 

1816 

"Des  Epimenides   Erwarhen"    produced,   Berlin, 
Mar.    30.— At    Wicshaden,    May    27-July    21. 
Visits  the  Gerljermulile  ( Willeiuers),  Aug.  12- 
Heiit.    19.       Witli    Willemers    at    Heidelberg, 
Sept.     24  -  26.       Friendship     with     Marianne. 
Lyrics.      Works   on   "West-Oestlicher  Divan." 
Plans  journal,   "Leber  Kunst  und  Altertuni." 

Napoleon  leaves  Elba,  Feb.  26. 
Enters  Paris  Mar.  20.  'The 
Hundred  Days.'  Waterloo, 
Jun.  IS.  Napoleon's  surrender, 
Jul.  15.    Arr.  St.  Helena.  Oct.  16. 

181« 

Weimar   becomes  Grand  Duchy,  Apr.   7.     Death 
of    Christiane,    June    6.  —  Visit    of    Charlotte 
Kestuer,     Sept.     (cf.     Stein.     Briefe,     7.112). 
"  IT.VLIENISCHE     REISE,"     Band    1,     pub. 
Part  IV  of  "Dichtung  und  Wahrheit"  planned. 
Sketch   of   Part   11.   of  "Faust"    (as  couceived 
1775?)   outlined  for  Book   18.     "Leber  Kunst 
und   Altertum  am    Khein,   Main   und   Necliar." 

isir 

lu  Jena  Mar.   21-Aug.  7,  Nov.  6-Feb.  21,   1818. 
Scientific   studies,  —  optics,   meteorology,  and 
esp.    morphology.       Oriental    studies.  —  "Der 
Huud  des  Aubry"  at  Weimar  Theater,  Apr.  12. 
G.   resigns  directorship,  Apr.  13,  and  seldom 
enters  theater  after.     Lili   (Schonemann)   von 
Tiirckheim  died.  May  6.     August  marries  Ot- 
tilie  von  Pogwisch,  June   17.      Weimar's  new 
constitution    and    liberty    of    press.       Goethe 
sceptical.       Difficulties    following    the    Wart- 
burgfest.  —  "IT.VLIENISCHE  KEISE,"  Bd.  2. 
"Tag-    und    Jahreshefte "    begun,    Aug.     21. 
"D  u  W"  cont.     Kunst  und  Altertum,  2.  Heft : 
"St.  Rochusfest  zu  Bingen." 

Karl  .\ugust  grants  first  German 

constitution.  Freedom  of  press. 
The  '  Wartburgfest,'  Oct.  IS. 
Alarm  of  other  Ger.  princes; 
reactionary   measures. 

1818 

Mostly  in  Jena,  to  July  23.     At  Carlsbad,  July 
26-Sept.    13.       Works    on    "Divan."    Birth    of 
first  grandson,  Walther,  Apr.   9. 

1819 

Frankfurt  celebrates   70th    birthday.      "WEST- 
OESTLICHER   DIVAN."      Works   on    "Wan- 
derjahre."   New   20-vol.  ed.   of  Works. — Death 
of  Fritz  Jacobi  and  F.  Stolberg. 

Murder  of  Kotzebue.  Mar.  23. 
The  "Karlsbad  Decrees,"  Sept. 
20. 

1820 

At    Carlsbad    (last  time),    May.      Summer   and 
autumn   at   Jena.     2d  grandson   born,    Wolf- 
gang,   Sept.    18.       Pub.    of    "Zahme    Xenien" 
begins    (cont.    1821,    1824,    1827,    and    post- 
humously).— Bust  by  Bauch. 

1821 

At    Marienbad,    Aug.-Sept.      Meets    Ulrike   Ton 
Levetzow,   aet.   17.      Visit  of  Zelter   with   12- 
year-old     Felix     Mendelssohn      (-Bartholdy), 
Nov.  —  "WILIIELM    MEISTERS     WANDER- 
JAHRE,  Oder  Die  Entsagenden."    "Italienische 
Reise"  cont..  Mar.  and  Oct.  "D  u  W"  cont.  at 
intervals,  1821-25. 

1S22 

Intimate  friendship  with  Chancellor  von  Miiller 
and  with  Soret.    New  ed.  of  Works  projected. 
"Kampagne  in  Frankreich"  (1792)  pub. 

1823 

Serious  illness  at  beginning  and  close  of  year. 
— Eoliermann's   first   visit,   June   10;    becomes 
G's  secretary.    At  Marienbad,  July-Aug.    Last 
love,     Ulrike     von    Levetzow.        "Marienbader 
Elegle"   begun   on   return   journey,    Sept.   5-7. 

Death    of   Gerstenberg. 

1824 

50th   anniversary   of  "Werthers  Leiden."      New 
ed. — Death  of  Byron,  Apr.  19  (news  reed.  May 
23).     Visit  of  Heinrich  Heine,  Oct.— Work  on 
Part  IV  of  "D  u  W"   resumed.     Eckermann's 
encouragement.     Advises  not  to  include  plan 
of  "Faust,"  Part  II,  but  to  finish  work  itself. 
— Revision  of  corresp.  with  Schiller. 

Carlyle's  transl.  of  "Wilhelm 
Meisters  Lehrjahre." 

1825 

First  record  of  resumption  of  work  on  "Faust," 
Feb.  26.     Works  on  the  'Helena'   (Act  III).— 
Weimar  Theater  burned.   Mar.   20.— Karl  Au- 
gust's 50th  Anniversary,  Sept.   3.     50th  anni- 
versary of  Goethe's  arrival  in  Weimar,  Nov.  7. 
"Italienische    Reise,"    Band    3,    compl.     (pub. 
1829). 

Death   of  Maler  Miiller.— Ludwig 
I.,    King    of    Bavaria,    reigned 
1825-1848. 

182G 

Visit    of    Sulpiz    Boisseree.  —  "Helena"    compl. 
June.    Further  work  on  "Faust."  —  Plans  the 
•Ausgabe  letzter  Hand,'  In  40  vols.  —  Receives 
back  his  letters  to  Frau  von   Stein,  Aug.  29. 
His  last  letter  to   her.  —  Schiller's   bones   re- 
moved from   the  'Kassengewolbe.'      Supposed 
(probably     erroneous)     identification     of     his 
skull.     "Bei  Betrachtung  von  Schillera   Scha- 
del."     H3.190.     J1.285.     Goebel,  143.     Work 
on  'Annalen'  (since  1817)  concluded. 

145 


GOETHE                                1 

CONTEMPORARY.  EVENTS 

1827 

Death  of  Frau  von  Stein   (aet  84),  Jan.   6.     At 
his  old  'Gartenhaus,'  May  12-.Tune  10.    "Ueber- 
miitig   siebts    nicbt   aus."      Visit   of    Prussian 
princes    at    Weimar.        King    Iiudwig    I.    of 
Bavaria  visits  Goethe  on   birthday.     Receives 
letter  from  Sir  Walter  Scott. — Birth  of  grand- 
daughter,   Alma,    Oct.    29.      "HELENA"    pub. 
Vols  1-10  of  'Ausgabe  letzter  Hand.' 

Death  of  Beethoven. 

1828 

Deatb  of  Karl  August,  June  14.— At  Doruburg 
(near  Jena),  July  7-Sept.    11.      Stieler's   por- 
trait   for    King    Ludwig. — "Briefwecbsel    mit 
Schiller,"    1.    u.   2.    Tell    pub.      "Faust"   cont. 
"Novelle"  compl.     Vols.  11-20  of  'Ausg.  letzter 
Hand'    pub.     Death  of  Lotte    (Buff)    Kestner. 

Karl    Friedrich,    Grand    Duke    of 
Weimar,   1828-1853. 

1820 

First    performance    of    "Faust.     Erster    Theil," 
Weimar,    Aug.    29.       Revision    of    "Wilbelm 
Meisters      Wanderjabre "       (enlarged)       pub. 
"Briefwecbsel    mit    Schiller,"    3.    Theil,    with 
dedication    to    King    Ludwig.        "Italienische 
Keise,"  Band  3.    "Faust"  cont.    Vols,  21-30  of 
Ausg.  1.   H.     The  sculptor  David  models   his 
bust,    the    so-called    'Jupiter-Goethe,'  —  Mar- 
riage   of    Princess    Augusta    of    Weimar    to 
Prince    Wilhelm    of    Prussia     (later    Kaiser 
Wilhelm  I.). 

Death  of  Friedr.  Sehlegel. 

1830 

Death  of  Grand  Duchess  Luise,  Feb.  14.  August 
and  Eckermann  start  for  Italy,  Apr.  2.    Death 
of  August  at  Rome,  Oct.  26   (news  reed.  Nov. 
10).      Serious   illness,    Nov.      Visit   of   Felix 
Mendelssohn     (-Bartholdy).        "  Faust  "    and 
"D  u  W"  cont.    Vols.  31-40  of  Ausg.  1.  H.  pub. 

July   Revolution   In   Paris. 
German  transl.  of  Carlyle's  "Life 

of    Schiller,"    with    preface    by 

Goethe. 

1831 

Last  birthday  spent  at  Ilmenau.     "Warte  nur, 
balde  rubest  du  aucb."     Celebration  in  Wei- 
mar; unveiling  of  David's  bust.    Gift  of  seal, 
inscribed   "Ohne    Rast,   doch   ohne  Hast,"    by 
15    English    friends. —  "  FAUST.     ZWEITEB 
THEIL,"  finished  and  sealed  up,  Aug.   (pub. 
1833).         "DICHTUNG     UNO     WAHRHEIT. 
Vierter  Theil"  finished  (pub.  1833).    Arranges 
personal  affairs. 

Death  of  Klinger  and  Achim  von 
Arnim. 

1832 

Last  illness   begins,  Mar.   16.      Last  letter    (of 
c.  15000)  to  Wilhelm  von  Humboldt,  Mar.  17. 
Death  of  GOETHE,  3Iar.  22.    Death  of  Zelter, 
May  15. 

Death  of  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

1832 

-34 

1835 

1836 
1844 
1854 
1857 

1850 
1860 
1872 

1880 
1883 

1885 

1887 

1806 

1800 
1010 

Posthumous   Works  pub.,  vols.   1-15.      5   addi- 
tional vols.   1842. 
Bettina's  "Briefwecbsel  mit  einem  Kinde"  pub. 

Eckermann's  "Gespr^che  mit  Goethe." 

Alma  von  Goethe  (granddaughter)  died. 

Death  of  Eckermann. 

Goethe-Schiller  monument  by  Rietschel  unveiled 

at  Weimar. 
Death  of  Bettina  von  Arnim. 
Death  of  Marianne  von  Willemer. 
Death  of  Ottilie  von  Goethe  (daughter-in-law). 

Pounding  of  the  Goethe-Gesellschaft. 

Wolfgang  vou  Goethe  (grandson)  dies,  without 

issue. 
Walther  von   Goethe    (grandson)    dies,   without 

issue.     The  family  extinct. — Wills  the  Goethe 

house,    with    contents,   to    state;    all   literary 

remains  to  Grand  Duchess  Sophie  of  Weimar. 

She  establishes  the  Goethe-Archives. 
Discovery     of    the     Gochhausen     Mss.     of    the 

'Urfaust.' 
Dedication     of     the     Goethe-Schlller     Archives 

l)nil(]iiis-  at  Weimar. 
Death  of  Ulrike  von  Levetzow. 
Discovery  of  the  Schulthess  Mss.  of  "Wilhelm 

Meisters  Theatralische  Sendung." 

Frederick  Wm.  IV..  King  of 
Prussia,   1840-1861. 

Marriage  of  Prince  Karl  Alex- 
ander and  Sophie,  1842. 

'February  Revolution'  in  Paris. 
1848. 

Revolution  in  Germany,  1848. 

Karl   Alexander,   Grand    Duke    of 
Weimar,  1853-1901. 

• 

William  I.,  King  of  Prussia.  1861 
— (German  Emperor,  1871-) 
1888. 

Death  of  Grand  Duchess  Sophie. 
1897. 

Wilhelm    Ernst.    Grand    Duke    of 
Weimar.   1901-. 

146 


147 


LIST   OF  PERSONS 


1700-1832 


Alfleri.  Vittorlo,  1749-1803. 

Anna  Aniulia,  Herzogin   von   Sachsen- 

Weiiuar,  1739-1807. 
B«aumarchuis,   I'ieire  Aug.  Caroa  de, 

1732-1799. 
Behrlsch,    Einst   Wolfgang,    1738-1809. 
Boisseree,    Sulpiz,    1783-1854. 
Brentanu,  Bettina  (verb,  vou  Arnim), 

1785-1859. 
,  Maxiujiliaue  (geb.  LaRoche).  1756- 

1793. 
Brion,  Joli.  Jak.   (Pastor),  1717-1787. 

■ ,  Magdalena  Sal.    (Frau),  1724-86. 

,  Cliristiau   ('Moses'),  1763-1817. 

,  Friederike,   V1752-1813. 

,  Sophie.    ?175C-1838. 

Bufif,  Charlotte    (verb.   Kestner),  1753- 

1828. 
Byron,    Lord,    1788-1824. 
Cagliustro,    Allesaudro    dl    (real    name, 

Giuseppe   Balsamo),   1743-95. 
Calas,  Jean    (Voltaire's   "Tolerance"), 

1698-1762. 
Carlyle,  Thomas,  1795-1881. 
Christ,  Job.  Fr.   (Prof.).  1701-1756. 
Clavijn  y  Faxardi.,  .Tosg.  c.   1730-1806. 
Cotta.  Job.  Fr.,  1764-1832. 
Ualberg;,   Heribert,   1749-1796. 

.  Karl  Tbeodor,  1744-1817. 

Diderot,  Deuis,  1713-1784. 
Eckermann,  Job.   Peter,   1792-1854. 
Ernesti,    Job.    Aug.    (Prof.),    1707-1781. 
Escheuburg,  Job  Joachim,    1743-1820. 
Falilnier,  Johanna    (verb.  Scblosser), 

1754-1821. 
Friedricli  II.,  der  Grosse,  1712-86. 
Gellert,  Chr.  Furcbtegott,   1715-69. 
GemniinKen,   Otto   Heiiir.    v.,    1739-1822. 
Gerstenbergr,  Heinr.   Wilb.,  1737-1823. 
Gleiin.   Joli.   Ludwig   Wilb.,    1719-1803. 
Goclihausen,  Luise  von,  died  1807. 
Giisc-lien,  Geo.   Joachim.   1752-1828. 
Goethe,  Cornelia  (verb.  Scblosser),  1750- 

1777. 

,  Job.  Kaspar,  1710-1782. 

■ ,  (Frau)  Kath.  Elis..  see  Textor. 

,  Job.  Wolfgang,  1749-1832. 

,  Christiaue  von,  see  Vulpius. 

,  August  von,  1789-1830. 

,  Ottilie  V.   (geb.  Pogwiscb),  died 

1872. 

.  Alma  von,  1827-1844. 

- — .Walter  von,  1818-1885. 

,  Wolfgang  von,  1820-1883. 

Goeze,  Job.  Melchior.  1717-1786. 
Goldsmith.  Oliver,  1728-1774. 
Gottsohed,  Job.  Cliristopb,  1700-66 
Grillpiirzer,  Franz,  1791-1872. 
Haniann.  Job.  Georg.  1730-1788. 
Heine,  Heinricb.  1799-1856. 
Henzi,  Samuel,  1701-1749. 
Herder,  Job.  Gottfried,  1744-1803. 
,  Karoline    (geb.    Flachsland).    1750- 

1809. 
Herzlieb.     Wilbelmine     ('Minna')     1789- 

1865. 
Hobenheim.  Griifln  Franziska  von    (geb. 
Bernerdin,  verb.  Leutrum),  1748- 

1811. 
Iffland,  Aug.  Wilb.,  1759-1814. 


Jacobi,  Fried.  Helnr..  1743-1819. 

,  Job.  Georg,  1740-1814. 

Jerusalem,  Karl  Wilb.,   1747-1772. 
Jung,  Job.  Heinr.   (Stilling).  1740-1817. 
Kalb,  Charlotte  von    (geb.  v.   Ostbeim), 

1761-1843. 
Kant,  Immanuel,  1724-1800. 
Karl,  Herzog  v.  Braunschweig,  1713-80. 
Karl   August,    Herzog    v.   Sachseu-Wei- 

mar,  1757-1828. 
Karl    Eugen,    Herzog    T.    Wiirttemberg, 

1728-1793. 
Karl   Wilb.   Ferdinand,    Erbprinz  T. 

Braunschweig,   1734-1806. 
Kestner,  Charlotte,  see  Buff. 

,  Job  Christian.  1741-1800. 

Kleist,  Cbr.  Ewald  von,  1715-1759. 

.Heinricb  v.    (nephew),   1776-1811. 

Klettenberg,  Susanna  Katb.  von,   1723- 

1774. 
Kllnger,  Friedr.  Maximilian,  1753-1831. 
Klopstock,    Friedr.   Gottlieb,   1724-1803. 
Klotz,  Chr.  Adolf,  1738-1771. 
Knebel,  Karl  Ludwig  v.,  1744-1834. 
Konig,  Eva  (geb.  Habn,  verb.  Lessing), 

1736-1778. 
Korner,  Cbr.  Gottfried,  1756-1831. 

,  Karl  Tbeodor,  1791-1813. 

Konstantin,    Friedr.    Ferd.    Prinz   von 

Sacbsen- Weimar,    175  8-91. 
Kotzebue,  .\ug.  Friedr.  v.,  1761-1819. 
Lange,  Samuel  Gotthold,  1711-1781. 
LaRoche,  Maximiliane  v.,  see  Breutano. 

,  Sophie  von,  1731-1807. 

Lavater,  Job.  Kaspar,  1741-1801. 
Leisewitz,  Job.  Anton,  1752-1806. 
Lengefeld,  Charlotte  von  (verb.  Schiller), 

1766-1826. 

,  Karoline  v.,   see  Wolzogen. 

Lenz,  Jak.  Mich.  Reinbold,  f750-92. 
Lerse,   Franz  Chr.,   1749-c.lSOU. 
Lessing,  Job.  Gottfried,   1693-1770. 
.Justine  Salome   (geb.  Feller),  died 

1775. 
— — ,  Dorothea   Sal..   1727-1803. 

■ .Gotthold  Ephraim,  1729-1781. 

,  Karl  Gottbelf  (brother),  1740-1812. 

,  Eva.  see  Konig. 

Levetzovv,   Ulrike  von.    1804-1899. 

Lillo,  George,   1693-1739. 

Luise,    Herzogin    v.    Sachsen-Weimar, 

1757-1830. 
Macpherson,  James,  1736-1796. 
Mendelssohn,  Moses,  1729-1786. 
Mendelssohn  -  Bartholdy,   Felix    (grand- 
son), 1809-1847. 
»Ierck,  Job.  Heinr.,  1741-1791. 
Muller,   Friedrich    (Maler),   1750-1825. 
3Iyliu8.  Christlob,  1722-1754. 
Napoleon   Bonaparte,   1769-1821. 
Neuber    (Frau),   Karoline,   1700-1763. 
Nicolai,  Cbr.  Friedrich,  1733-1811. 
Oeser.  Adam  Friedr..   1717-1799. 

.Friederike  Elis.,   174S-1S29. 

Reimarus.  Herm.  Samuel,   1694-1768. 
Raniler,  Karl  Wilb..  1725-1798. 
Reinwald,    Wilb.    Friedr.    Herm..    1737- 

1815. 
Richardson.  Samuel,  1689-1761. 
Rienier,  Friedr.   Wilb.,   1774-1845. 
Rousseau,  Jean  Jacques,  1712-78. 


Salzmann,  Joh.  Daaiel,  1722-1812. 

Kchiller,  Joh.  Kaspar,  1723-1796. 

,  Ells.     Dorothea     (geb.     Kodweis), 

1732-1802. 
,  CbiistopLine    (verb.    Reinwald), 

1757-1847. 
,  (Joh.   Chiistoph)    Friedrich,    1759- 

1805. 

,  Charlotte,   see   Leugefeld. 

,  Karl  von,  1793-1857. 

,  Ernst  von.  1796-1841. 

,  Karoline    v.    (verh.    Junot),    1799- 

1850. 
,  Emilie     v.     (verh.     von     Gleicheu- 

Russwurm),  1804-1872. 
Sehlegel,    Aug.    Wilhelm,    1767-1845. 

,  Friedrich,  1772-1829. 

Sehlosser,  .Joh.  Georg,  1739-1799. 
Si'fameling-Mara,   Gertrud   Elis..    1749- 

1833, 
Schonemann,    Anna    Elis.    (Lili)      (verh 

V.  Turckheim),   1758-1817. 
Sihonkopf,  Anna  Kath.  (Annette),  (verh 

Kanue),   1746-1810. 
Schroler,  Corona,  1751-1802. 
Sihubart,    Chr.    Daniel    Friedr.,    1743- 

1791. 
Schulthess,  Barbara   ('Babe').  1745-1818 
Scott    (Sir),   Walter,    1771-1832. 
Stael-Holstein,  Mme.  de,   1766-1817. 
Stein,  Charlotte  von   (geb.  Schardt), 

1742-1827. 

,  Freiherr  Josias  von,  1735-93. 

,  Friedr.  von  (Fritz),  1771-1844. 


Stock,  Joh.  Mich..  1739-1773. 

.Johanna  Dor.,  1760-1836. 

,  Anna   Maria    (Minna),    (verb.    Kor- 

ner).  1762-1843. 
Stulberg,   Grafin   Auguste   Luise  von 

(Gustehen),  (verh.  v.  Bernstorff), 

1753-1835. 

,  Graf  Friedr.  Leopold  v.,  1750-1819. 

Swift,  Jonathan    (Dean),   1676-1745 
Tauentzieu,   Bogislaus   Friedr..   1710- 

1791. 
Textor,  Joh.  Wolfgang,  1693-1771. 
,  Kath.    Elis.    (verh.    Goethe).    1731- 

1808, 
Voltaire,   Frangois  Marie  Arouet  de. 

1694-1778. 
Vos8,  Joh.   Heinr.   1751-1826. 
Vulpius,  Christiaue  (verb.  Goetbe),  1764- 

1 816. 
Wagner,  Heinr.   Leopold,   1747-79. 
Weisse,  Chr.  Felix,  1726-1804. 
Weyland,   Friedr.   Leopold,   1750-85. 
Wieland,   Christoph  Martin.   1733-1813 
Willemer,  Joh.  Jak.  von,  1760-1838. 
,  Marianne    von    (geb.    Jung),    1784- 

1860. 
Winckelmann,  Joh.  Joachim,   1717-68 
Wolzogen,  Charlotte  von,   1766-94. 
.  Henriette  von,   1745-1788. 

'  ^?^*i^i^®n  ^°°    (seb.    Lengefeld). 

1763-1847. 


A     000  054  382     7 


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